The Relationship betweenSoft Drinks Consumption and Obesity

By

Amr Mousa

Agenda

Introduction to Obesity

Literature review ( Causes of Obesity )

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

What is obesity ?

(Block G. Foods contributing to energy intake in the US, 2006)

(Bray GA et al, 2004)

2,767 participants from Los Angeles County and Southern Louisiana

Mean servings were 438 in LAC and 617 in SL

These results exceeded the expectations by more than 60% in LAC and 120% in SL!!

The mean consumption of fruit and vegetables fell 10% short in LAC and 20% in SL

Limitations

The study didn’t focus its findings on specific age range

3598 girls and 3347 boys from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 with 16 years age.

Stress-related eating was common among girls (43%) than boys (15%).

Stress-driven eaters had a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity.

Limitations

The strength of this study was the large population-based cohort, BMI and waist circumference measurements.

The study didn’t cover wide age range to make its results general to the human behaviors

228 tract in Los Angeles County and in Southeastern Louisiana aged between 18 to 98 years old.

25% of the adults obese, while 35% were overweight and 40% were of normal weight.

They all drank in average 350 mill-liter can per day.

For every 10% increase in food advertisements, the odds of being obese increased by 5%

In an area with 30% food ads, 38.0% would be overweight and 25.2% would be obese

Limitations

The study didn’t cover the diversity of the other communities outside the United States to generalize its findings.

The age range was very wide.

163

ONLY 82

36 women, 46 men with age range: 18–24 years

Procedure :

≤2

≥7

3-6

None

First Stage

One week

One serving a day

Second Stage

≥7

3-6≤2

None

37 weeks

11

7

41

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

None ≤2 3 to 6 ≥7

Nu

mb

er o

f p

arti

cip

ants

Number of soda servings per week

Day None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥ 7

1 16.190 16.010 16.080 16.610

2 16.202 16.024 16.093 16.623

3 16.215 16.032 16.102 16.637

4 16.221 16.044 16.109 16.648

5 16.229 16.049 16.117 16.655

6 16.237 16.06 16.124 16.669

7 16.246 16.073 16.136 16.680

Standard Deviation= 0.100617

First Stage

15.9

16

16.1

16.2

16.3

16.4

16.5

16.6

16.7

16.8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Fat

mas

s in

Kg

Day number

The increase in fat mass in the first week of stage one

None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥ 7

First Stage

Second Stage

Week No. None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥7 Week No. None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥7

2 16.5 16.25 16.31 16.9 20 16.53 17.76 18.98 22.27

3 16.48 16.33 16.38 17.76 21 16.52 17.83 19.07 22.42

4 16.53 16.38 16.4 18.21 22 16.57 17.96 19.2 22.56

5 16.58 16.31 16.62 18.57 23 16.63 18.08 19.34 22.71

6 16.58 16.4 16.67 18.72 24 16.58 18.21 19.44 22.88

7 16.61 16.53 16.73 18.9 25 16.61 18.39 19.52 22.96

8 16.63 16.62 16.9 19.07 26 16.64 18.43 19.58 23.2

9 16.64 16.65 17.23 19.34 27 16.6 18.49 19.64 23.37

10 16.64 16.67 17.5 19.52 28 16.57 18.57 19.79 23.45

11 16.62 16.66 17.76 19.64 29 16.6 18.51 19.93 23.59

12 16.64 16.73 17.96 19.93 30 16.6 18.56 20.2 23.72

13 16.59 16.76 18.21 20.38 31 16.59 18.64 20.38 23.87

14 16.61 16.9 18.43 20.68 32 16.64 18.72 20.53 23.96

15 16.65 17.09 18.57 20.96 33 16.67 18.79 20.68 24.13

16 16.55 17.23 18.56 21.34 34s 16.62 18.84 20.81 24.32

17 16.52 17.38 18.72 21.68 35 16.66 18.87 20.96 24.47

18 16.49 17.5 18.84 21.83 36 16.68 18.9 21.08 24.59

19 16.5 17.64 18.9 22.05 37 16.63 18.93 21.34 24.73

Second Stage

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Fat

mas

s in

Kg

Week number

The increase in fat mass in 37 weeks in stage two

None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥7

Slope=.08842

Slope=.209

Slope=.14051

Slope=.000399

≥7

(Ludwig DS, 2002)

Schulze et al in 2004

References

1. Block G. Foods contributing to energy intake in the US: data from NHANES III and

NHANES 1999-2000. J Food Composite Anal. 2004; 17:439-447.

2. Bray GA, Nielson SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in

beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79: 537-

543.

3. A.Cohen, Sturm, Scott, A. Farley and Bluthenthal (2010) Not Enough Fruit and

Vegetables or Too Many Cookies, Candies, Salty Snacks, and Soft Drinks?

4. Jääskeläinen, Nevanperä, Remes, Rahkonen, Järvelin and Laitinen (2014) Stress-

related eating, obesity and associated behavioral traits in adolescents: a prospective

population-based cohort study.

5. Lenard I Lesser, Frederick J Zimmerman and Deborah A Cohen (2013) Outdoor

advertising, obesity, and soda consumption: a cross-sectional study.

6. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity,

diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2002; 287:2414–2423.

7. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain,

and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA.