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very informative.... easily understandable
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CHOLERA -PAVITHRA PADMAKUMAR
WHY CHOLERA IS IMPORTANT ?????
INDIA YEAR CASES DEATHS 1950 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009 2010 2011
176,307 43,285 21,955 5,808 3,315 3,156 3,482 5,004 2,341
86,997 12,947 2,302 155 5 6 12 9 10
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHOLERA
• STUDY ABOUT CHOLERA
• APPLYING THE STUDY TO CONTROL CHOLERA
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST• MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENSIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
AGENT
VIBRIO CHOLERA BELONGING TO VIBRIO BACTERIA
•THEY LIVE IN WATER•VIBRIO CHOLERA GET KILLED BY : HEATING FOR 30 MINS AT 56* C BY DRYING IN SUNLIGHT BLEACHING POWDER
•EL TOR IS MORE RESISTANT THAN CLASSICAL
• THEY PRODUCE A TOXIN CALLED ENTEROTOXIN
• INFECTIVE DOSE:100000000000 BACTERIAS OR 10^11 BACTERIA
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
HOST• CHOLERA AFFECTS ANY AGE
• AFFECTS BOTH SEX
•GASTRIC ACIDITY AND INESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM PLAYS THE DEFENCE ROLE
•ECONOMICALLY POOR AND LACK OF EDUCATION
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Faecally contaminated water
Contaminated food and water
Overcrowding
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
PATHOGENESIS
• ENTRY IS THROUGH ORAL ROUTE• GET ADHERED TO SMALL INTESTINE• INCUBATION PERIOD IS 2-5 DAYS • CAUSES SYMPTOMS • GET EXCRETED THROUGH FAECES AND
VOMITING
MECHANISM OF PATHOGENESIS
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
CLINICAL FEATURES
• STAGE OF EVACUATION• STAGE OF COLLAPSE• STAGE OF RECOVERY
STAGE OF EVACUATION
STAGE OF COLLAPSE• SUNKEN EYES• HOLLOW CHEEKS • SCAPHOID ABDOMEN • WASHERMAN HAND AND
FEET • LOSS OF ELASTICITY OF SKIN
• SUB-NORMAL TEMPERATURE• ABSENT PULSE • LOW BP• SHALLOW AND QUICK RESPIRATION• OLIGURIA
STAGE OF RECOVERY
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
CARRIERS1)PRE-CLINICAL/INCUBATORY CARRIER- INCUBATION
PERIOD 1-5 DAYS
2)CONVALESCENT CARRIER-ARE PATIENTS WHO RECOVERED BUT STILL CONTINUE TO EXCRETE VIBRIOS
3)
STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA