Duoc thu-quoc-gia-viet-nam-a-z

1. Dc th quc gia Vit Nam Bin tp v chnh l t ti liu Dc th quc gia Vit Nam 2002 ca B Y t Vit Nam. 2009 Bs. Nguyn nh Tun Cao ng Y t Qung Nam 3/2/2009

2. MC LC ACARBOSE ..................................................................................18 ACETAZOLAMID ...........................................................................23 ACETYLCYSTEIN...........................................................................29 ACICLOVIR ..................................................................................36 ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN).................................................44 ACID ASCORBIC (VITAMIN C) ........................................................52 ACID BORIC ................................................................................58 ACID CHENODEOXYCHOLIC...........................................................63 ACID FOLIC .................................................................................67 ACID IOPANOIC ...........................................................................71 ACID NALIDIXIC ..........................................................................77 ACID PARA AMINOBENZOIC........................................................83 ACID SALICYLIC...........................................................................87 ACID TRANEXAMIC.......................................................................92 ACID VALPROIC ...........................................................................99 ADENOSIN ................................................................................108 ALBENDAZOL.............................................................................113 ALBUMIN...................................................................................120 ALCURONIUM CLORID ................................................................126 ALDESLEUKIN............................................................................130 ALIMEMAZIN .............................................................................140 ALPRAZOLAM.............................................................................149 ALTEPLASE................................................................................155 AMANTADIN ..............................................................................162 AMBROXOL................................................................................170 AMIKACIN .................................................................................174 AMILORID HYDROCLORID ...........................................................182 AMIODARON..............................................................................188 AMITRIPTYLIN ...........................................................................198 AMLODIPIN ...............................................................................207 AMOXICILIN ..............................................................................213

3. AMOXICILIN V CLAVULANAT ......................................................220 AMPHOTERICIN B.......................................................................232 AMPICILIN.................................................................................242 AMPICILIN V SULBACTAM..........................................................251 ARTEMETHER.............................................................................261 ARTEMISININ ............................................................................267 ASPARAGINASE .........................................................................272 ATAPULGIT................................................................................281 ATENOLOL.................................................................................285 ATORVASTATIN..........................................................................294 ATROPIN ...................................................................................295 AZATHIOPRIN............................................................................301 AZITHROMYCIN .........................................................................309 AZTREONAM..............................................................................316 BC SULFADIAZIN .....................................................................325 BACITRACIN ..............................................................................329 BARI SULFAT .............................................................................334 BECLOMETASON ........................................................................338 BENAZEPRIL ..............................................................................348 BENZATHIN PENICILIN G ............................................................356 BENZOYL PEROXID.....................................................................362 BENZYL BENZOAT ......................................................................366 BENZYLPENICILIN ......................................................................369 BETAMETHASON ........................................................................380 BETAXOLOL...............................................................................390 BEZAFIBRAT ..............................................................................398 BIOTIN .....................................................................................403 BIPERIDEN ................................................................................406 BISACODYL ...............................................................................412 BISMUTH SUBCITRAT .................................................................416 BLEOMYCIN ...............................................................................421 BROMOCRIPTIN .........................................................................428 BUDESONID ..............................................................................436

4. BUPIVACAIN HYDROCLORID ........................................................446 BUPRENORPHIN .........................................................................454 BUPIVACAIN HYDROCLORID ........................................................462 CC CHT C CH HMG - CoA REDUCTASE (CC STATIN) ..............470 CC GONADOTROPIN .................................................................482 CALCI CLORID ...........................................................................492 CALCI GLUCONAT.......................................................................498 CALCIFEDIOL.............................................................................506 CALCITONIN..............................................................................511 CAPREOMYCIN ...........................................................................519 CAPTOPRIL................................................................................527 CARBAMAZEPIN .........................................................................536 CARVEDILOL..............................................................................546 CEFACLOR.................................................................................552 CEFADROXIL .............................................................................562 CEFALEXIN ................................................................................570 CEFALOTIN................................................................................578 CEFAMANDOL ............................................................................587 CEFAPIRIN ................................................................................595 CEFAZOLIN ...............................................................................603 CEFEPIM ...................................................................................613 CEFOPERAZON...........................................................................621 CEFOTAXIM ...............................................................................630 CEFPIROM .................................................................................637 CEFPODOXIM.............................................................................644 CEFRADIN .................................................................................651 CEFTAZIDIM ..............................................................................658 CEFTRIAXON .............................................................................667 CEFUROXIM...............................................................................675 CETIRIZIN HYDROCLORID...........................................................687 CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ......................................................691 CHYMOTRYPSIN .........................................................................701 CICLOSPORIN............................................................................705

5. CIMETIDIN ................................................................................713 CINARIZIN ................................................................................721 CIPROFLOXACIN ........................................................................725 CISAPRID..................................................................................736 CISPLATIN ................................................................................742 CLARITHROMYCIN ......................................................................752 CLINDAMYCIN............................................................................757 CLOFAZIMIN..............................................................................764 CLOFIBRAT................................................................................770 CLOMIPHEN/CLOMIFEN ...............................................................776 CLOMIPRAMIN HYDROCLORID .....................................................782 CLONAZEPAM ............................................................................796 CLONIDIN .................................................................................803 CLORAL HYDRAT ........................................................................812 CLORAMPHENICOL .....................................................................818 CLORHEXIDIN............................................................................830 CLOROQUIN ..............................................................................838 CLOROTHIAZID..........................................................................847 CLORPHENIRAMIN MALEAT..........................................................855 CLORPROMAZIN HYDROCLORID...................................................862 CLORPROPAMID .........................................................................875 CLORTALIDON ...........................................................................882 CLOTRIMAZOL ...........................................................................890 CLOXACILIN ..............................................................................894 CODEIN PHOSPHAT ....................................................................901 COLCHICIN ...............................................................................906 COLISTIN ..................................................................................913 COTRIMOXAZOL.........................................................................922 CROMOLYN................................................................................931 CYANOCOBALAMIN v HYDROXOCOBALAMIN ................................937 CYCLOPHOSPHAMID ...................................................................941 CYCLOSERIN .............................................................................951 CYTARABIN ...............................................................................956

6. DACARBAZIN.............................................................................964 DACTINOMYCIN .........................................................................970 DALTEPARIN..............................................................................977 DANTROLEN NATRI ....................................................................986 DAPSON....................................................................................993 DAUNORUBICIN ....................................................................... 1000 DEFEROXAMIN......................................................................... 1007 DEHYDROEMETIN..................................................................... 1013 DESMOPRESSIN....................................................................... 1017 DEXAMETHASON ...................................................................... 1026 DEXTRAN 1 ............................................................................. 1036 DEXTRAN 40............................................................................ 1040 DEXTRAN 70............................................................................ 1048 DEXTROMETHORPHAN .............................................................. 1055 DEXTROPROPOXYPHEN ............................................................. 1060 DIATRIZOAT............................................................................ 1066 DIAZEPAM............................................................................... 1076 DICLOFENAC ........................................................................... 1084 DIETHYLCARBAMAZIN .............................................................. 1094 DIFLUNISAL ............................................................................ 1101 DIGITOXIN .............................................................................. 1109 DIGOXIN................................................................................. 1115 DIHYDROERGOTAMIN ............................................................... 1122 DILOXANID ............................................................................. 1129 DILTIAZEM .............................................................................. 1132 DIMERCAPROL ......................................................................... 1138 DINATRI CALCI EDETAT ............................................................ 1143 DIPHENHYDRAMIN ................................................................... 1149 DIPIVEFRIN ............................................................................. 1156 DIPYRIDAMOL.......................................................................... 1161 DISOPYRAMID ......................................................................... 1166 DISULFIRAM............................................................................ 1178 DITHRANOL............................................................................. 1185

7. DOBUTAMIN ............................................................................ 1190 DOMPERIDON .......................................................................... 1197 DOPAMIN ................................................................................ 1202 DOXAZOSIN ............................................................................ 1210 DOXEPIN................................................................................. 1217 DOXORUBICIN ......................................................................... 1225 DOXYCYCLIN ........................................................................... 1235 ECONAZOL .............................................................................. 1242 ENALAPRIL .............................................................................. 1246 EPHEDRIN ............................................................................... 1256 EPINEPHRIN (ADRENALIN) ........................................................ 1262 ERGOMETRIN........................................................................... 1271 ERGOTAMIN TARTRAT............................................................... 1278 ERYTHROMYCIN ....................................................................... 1284 ERYTHROPOIETIN .................................................................... 1293 ESTRADIOL ............................................................................. 1301 ESTRAMUSTIN PHOSPHAT ......................................................... 1311 ESTRIOL ................................................................................. 1317 ESTROGEN LIN HP................................................................ 1324 ESTRON (FOLICULIN) ............................................................... 1331 ETAMSYLAT ............................................................................. 1339 ETHAMBUTOL .......................................................................... 1343 ETHER M ............................................................................... 1348 ETHINYLESTRADIOL ................................................................. 1353 ETHIONAMID ........................................................................... 1361 ETHOSUXIMID ......................................................................... 1369 ETIDRONAT DINATRI................................................................ 1375 ETOPOSID............................................................................... 1382 FAMOTIDIN ............................................................................. 1390 FENOFIBRAT............................................................................ 1398 FENOTEROL............................................................................. 1403 FENTANYL ............................................................................... 1411 FILGRASTIM ............................................................................ 1417

8. FLECAINID .............................................................................. 1425 FLUCLOXACILIN ....................................................................... 1432 FLUCONAZOL........................................................................... 1438 FLUCYTOSIN............................................................................ 1448 FLUDROCORTISON ................................................................... 1455 FLUMAZENIL............................................................................ 1461 FLUOCINOLON ACETONID ......................................................... 1468 FLUOROURACIL........................................................................ 1473 FLUOXETIN.............................................................................. 1483 FLUPHENAZIN.......................................................................... 1491 FLURAZEPAM ........................................................................... 1500 FLUTICASON PROPIONAT .......................................................... 1506 FLUVASTATIN .......................................................................... 1517 FOLINAT CALCI........................................................................ 1518 FORMOTEROL .......................................................................... 1526 FOSCARNET NATRI................................................................... 1532 FUROSEMID ............................................................................ 1545 GALAMIN ................................................................................ 1552 GALI NITRAT ........................................................................... 1558 GANCICLOVIR.......................................................................... 1562 GEMFIBROZIL .......................................................................... 1569 GENTAMICIN ........................................................................... 1575 GII C T UN VN HP PH ............................................... 1583 GLIBENCLAMID........................................................................ 1587 GLICLAZID .............................................................................. 1593 GLIPIZID................................................................................. 1598 GLOBULIN MIN DCH CHNG UN VN V HUYT THANH CHNG UN VN (NGA)............................................................................ 1605 GLOBULIN MIN DCH TIM BP ................................................ 1611 GLOBULIN MIN DCH KHNG DI V HUYT THANH KHNG DI PASTEUR................................................................................. 1621 GLOBULIN MIN DCH KHNG VIM GAN B ................................. 1628 GLOBULIN MIN DCH TIM TNH MCH ..................................... 1636 GLUCAGON.............................................................................. 1644

9. GLUCOSE ................................................................................ 1651 GLUTETHIMID.......................................................................... 1657 GLYCEROL............................................................................... 1663 GLYCERYL TRINITRAT ............................................................... 1668 GLYCIN ................................................................................... 1676 GONADORELIN ........................................................................ 1681 GRISEOFULVIN ........................................................................ 1687 GUANETHIDIN ......................................................................... 1694 HALOPERIDOL ......................................................................... 1700 HALOTHAN .............................................................................. 1709 HEPARIN ................................................................................. 1715 HOMATROPIN HYDROBROMID.................................................... 1724 HYALURONIDASE ..................................................................... 1729 HYDRALAZIN ........................................................................... 1736 HYDROCLOROTHIAZID.............................................................. 1743 HYDROCORTISON .................................................................... 1751 HYDROGEN PEROXID................................................................ 1759 HYDROXYZIN (HYDROCLORID V PAMOAT) ................................. 1763 IBUPROFEN ............................................................................. 1769 IDARUBICIN ............................................................................ 1775 IDOXURIDIN............................................................................ 1783 IFOSFAMID.............................................................................. 1789 IMIPENEM V THUC C CH ENZYM ......................................... 1797 IMIPRAMIN.............................................................................. 1805 INDAPAMID ............................................................................. 1814 INDINAVIR SULFAT .................................................................. 1822 INDOMETHACIN ....................................................................... 1829 INSULIN.................................................................................. 1839 INTERFERON ALFA ................................................................... 1850 INTERFERON BETA ................................................................... 1864 IOHEXOL................................................................................. 1873 IPRATROPIUM BROMID ............................................................. 1884 ISOFLURAN ............................................................................. 1889

10. ISONIAZID .............................................................................. 1896 ISOPRENALIN .......................................................................... 1905 ISOSORBID DINITRAT .............................................................. 1912 ISRADIPIN .............................................................................. 1918 ITRACONAZOL ......................................................................... 1924 IVERMECTIN............................................................................ 1932 KALI CLORID ........................................................................... 1938 KALI IODID ............................................................................. 1946 KANAMYCIN............................................................................. 1952 KM OXYD............................................................................... 1960 KETAMIN................................................................................. 1963 KETOCONAZOL ........................................................................ 1972 KETOPROFEN........................................................................... 1982 KETOROLAC ............................................................................ 1991 KHNG C T BCH HU ....................................................... 1999 LABETALOL HYDROCLORID........................................................ 2006 LACTULOSE ............................................................................. 2014 LAMIVUDIN ............................................................................. 2018 LANSOPRAZOL......................................................................... 2025 LEVODOPA .............................................................................. 2031 LEVOMEPROMAZIN ................................................................... 2038 LEVONORGESTREL (CY DI DA)............................................. 2049 LEVONORGESTREL (T TRONG T CUNG) ................................. 2055 LEVONORGESTREL (VIN UNG) ............................................... 2060 LEVOTHYROXIN ....................................................................... 2067 LIDOCAIN ............................................................................... 2076 LINCOMYCIN HYDROCLORID ..................................................... 2084 LIOTHYRONIN.......................................................................... 2091 LISINOPRIL ............................................................................. 2099 LITHI CARBONAT ..................................................................... 2108 LOMUSTIN............................................................................... 2119 LOPERAMID............................................................................. 2125 LORATADIN ............................................................................. 2130

11. LORAZEPAM ............................................................................ 2137 LOSARTAN .............................................................................. 2146 LOVASTATIN............................................................................ 2152 MANITOL................................................................................. 2153 MEBENDAZOL .......................................................................... 2160 MEDROXYPROGESTERON ACETAT .............................................. 2164 MEFLOQUIN............................................................................. 2171 MEGESTROL ACETAT ................................................................ 2178 MELPHALAN............................................................................. 2184 MEPIVACAIN............................................................................ 2193 MERCAPTOPURIN ..................................................................... 2200 MESALAZIN ............................................................................. 2210 MESNA.................................................................................... 2215 METFORMIN ............................................................................ 2222 METHIONIN ............................................................................. 2231 METHOTREXAT......................................................................... 2234 METHYLDOPA .......................................................................... 2248 METHYLPREDNISOLON.............................................................. 2256 METOCLOPRAMID..................................................................... 2267 METOPROLOL .......................................................................... 2275 METRIFONAT ........................................................................... 2286 METRONIDAZOL....................................................................... 2289 MEXILETIN HYDROCLORID ........................................................ 2299 MICONAZOL ............................................................................ 2305 MIDAZOLAM ............................................................................ 2312 MISOPROSTOL......................................................................... 2320 MORPHIN ................................................................................ 2327 NADOLOL ................................................................................ 2339 NALOXON................................................................................ 2347 NATRI BICARBONAT ................................................................. 2356 NATRI CLORID......................................................................... 2365 NATRI NITRIT .......................................................................... 2371 NATRI NITROPRUSIAT .............................................................. 2374

12. NATRI PICOSULFAT .................................................................. 2382 NEOMYCIN .............................................................................. 2385 NEOSTIGMIN ........................................................................... 2391 NHM HYDROXID..................................................................... 2398 NHM PHOSPHAT..................................................................... 2404 NHA PODOPHYLUM................................................................. 2407 NICARDIPIN ............................................................................ 2415 NICLOSAMID ........................................................................... 2421 NICOTINAMID (Vitamin PP) ....................................................... 2425 NIFEDIPIN............................................................................... 2432 NIMODIPIN.............................................................................. 2442 NITROFURANTOIN.................................................................... 2449 NORADRENALIN ....................................................................... 2454 NORETHISTERON (NORETHINDRON) .......................................... 2464 NORFLOXACIN ......................................................................... 2471 NYSTATIN ............................................................................... 2478 OFLOXACIN ............................................................................. 2482 OMEPRAZOL ............................................................................ 2488 ONDANSETRON........................................................................ 2495 OXACILIN NATRI...................................................................... 2502 OXAMNIQUIN........................................................................... 2511 OXYBENZON............................................................................ 2515 OXYMETAZOLIN HYDROCLORID ................................................. 2522 OXYTETRACYCLIN .................................................................... 2526 OXYTOCIN............................................................................... 2533 PACLITAXEL ............................................................................ 2539 PANCRELIPASE ........................................................................ 2546 PANCURONIUM ........................................................................ 2552 PAPAVERIN.............................................................................. 2558 PARACETAMOL (ACETAMINOPHEN)............................................. 2564 PARAFIN LNG ........................................................................ 2574 PENICILAMIN........................................................................... 2577 PETHIDIN HYDROCLORID.......................................................... 2586

13. PHENOBARBITAL...................................................................... 2595 PHENOXYMETHYL PENICILIN ..................................................... 2607 PHENTOLAMIN ......................................................................... 2613 PHENYTOIN ............................................................................. 2620 PHYTOMENADION..................................................................... 2627 PILOCARPIN ............................................................................ 2634 PIPECURONIUM BROMID ........................................................... 2643 PIPERACILIN............................................................................ 2650 PIPERAZIN .............................................................................. 2659 PIRACETAM ............................................................................. 2663 PIROXICAM ............................................................................. 2669 POLYGELIN.............................................................................. 2676 POLYMYXIN B .......................................................................... 2682 POVIDON IOD.......................................................................... 2688 PRAVASTATIN.......................................................................... 2693 PRAZIQUANTEL........................................................................ 2694 PRAZOSIN............................................................................... 2699 PREDNISOLON ......................................................................... 2706 PRIMAQUIN ............................................................................. 2718 PROCAIN PENICILIN ................................................................. 2723 PROCAINAMID HYDROCLORID ................................................... 2732 PROCARBAZIN ......................................................................... 2742 PROGESTERON ........................................................................ 2748 PROGUANIL............................................................................. 2755 PROMETHAZIN HYDROCLORID ................................................... 2760 PROPAFENON .......................................................................... 2771 PROPOFOL............................................................................... 2779 PROPRANOLOL......................................................................... 2790 PROPYLIODON ......................................................................... 2800 PROPYLTHIOURACIL ................................................................. 2803 PROTAMIN SULFAT................................................................... 2812 PYRANTEL ............................................................................... 2817 PYRAZINAMID.......................................................................... 2821

14. PYRIDOSTIGMIN BROMID.......................................................... 2827 PYRIDOXIN (Vitamin B6) ........................................................... 2835 PYRIMETHAMIN........................................................................ 2841 QUININ................................................................................... 2849 RANITIDIN .............................................................................. 2859 RESERPIN ............................................................................... 2868 RETINOL (VITAMIN A)............................................................... 2874 RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2). ....................................................... 2880 RIFAMPICIN............................................................................. 2884 RINGER LACTAT ....................................................................... 2893 RISPERIDON............................................................................ 2897 ROXITHROMYCIN ..................................................................... 2905 SALBUTAMOL (S DNG TRONG NI KHOA H HP) ................... 2910 SALBUTAMOL (S DNG TRONG SN KHOA)............................... 2920 ST (II) SULFAT....................................................................... 2926 ST DEXTRAN.......................................................................... 2932 SELEGILIN .............................................................................. 2942 SELEN SULFID ......................................................................... 2948 SIMVASTATIN .......................................................................... 2952 SORBITOL ............................................................................... 2953 SOTALOL................................................................................. 2956 SPECTINOMYCIN ...................................................................... 2968 SPIRAMYCIN............................................................................ 2972 SPIRONOLACTON ..................................................................... 2977 STREPTOKINASE ...................................................................... 2982 STREPTOMYCIN ....................................................................... 2993 SUCRALFAT ............................................................................. 3002 SULFACETAMID NATRI.............................................................. 3006 SULFASALAZIN ........................................................................ 3010 SUXAMETHONIUM (SUCINYLCHOLIN) ......................................... 3017 TAMOXIFEN ............................................................................. 3026 TEICOPLANIN .......................................................................... 3031 TENIPOSID.............................................................................. 3038

15. TENOXICAM............................................................................. 3045 TESTOSTERON......................................................................... 3052 TETRACYCLIN .......................................................................... 3059 THAN HOT............................................................................. 3068 THEOPHYLIN............................................................................ 3072 THIAMIN (VITAMIN B1) ............................................................. 3081 THIOPENTAL............................................................................ 3087 THUC CHNG ACID CHA MAGNESI......................................... 3094 THUC PHIN .......................................................................... 3099 THUC TNG T HORMON GII PHNG GONADOTROPIN ........... 3109 THUC UNG B NC V IN GII........................................ 3116 TICARCILIN ............................................................................. 3123 TICLOPIDIN............................................................................. 3131 TM GENTIAN........................................................................... 3141 TIMOLOL(Thuc nh mt) ......................................................... 3145 TINIDAZOL.............................................................................. 3151 TIOCONAZOL........................................................................... 3158 TOBRAMYCIN........................................................................... 3163 TOLBUTAMID........................................................................... 3172 TRETINOIN.............................................................................. 3179 TRETINOIN (THUC BI) .......................................................... 3179 TRETINOIN (ung) ................................................................... 3189 TRIAMCINOLON ....................................................................... 3193 TRIAMTEREN ........................................................................... 3201 TRIHEXYPHENIDYL ................................................................... 3207 TRIMETHOPRIM........................................................................ 3212 TROPICAMID ........................................................................... 3218 UR........................................................................................ 3222 UROKINASE............................................................................. 3226 VACCIN BCH HU - HO G - UN VN HP PH (VACCIN DPT).... 3235 VACCIN BI LIT BT HOT ...................................................... 3241 VACCIN BI LIT UNG ............................................................ 3245 VACCIN DI ............................................................................ 3249

16. VACCIN GII C T BCH HU ............................................... 3255 VACCIN LAO (BCG)................................................................... 3258 VACCIN LIN HP HAEMOPHILUS TYP B...................................... 3265 VACCIN NO M CU ............................................................... 3272 VACCIN RUBELLA ..................................................................... 3278 VACCIN SI ............................................................................ 3283 VACCIN ST VNG................................................................... 3289 VACCIN T .............................................................................. 3295 VACCIN TAM LIN SI, QUAI B V RUBELLA .............................. 3301 VACCIN THNG HN .............................................................. 3305 VACCIN VIM GAN B ................................................................ 3314 VACCIN VIM NO NHT BN.................................................... 3320 VANCOMYCIN .......................................................................... 3326 VASOPRESSIN (CC VASOPRESSIN)........................................... 3338 VECURONIUM .......................................................................... 3345 VERAPAMIL ............................................................................. 3353 VINBLASTIN ............................................................................ 3361 VINCRISTIN............................................................................. 3368 VITAMIN D .............................................................................. 3377 ALPHATOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E)............................................... 3390 WARFARIN .............................................................................. 3395 XANH METHYLEN...................................................................... 3403 ZIDOVUDIN............................................................................. 3408

17. ACARBOSE ACARBOSE Tn chung quc t: Acarbose. M ATC: A10B F01. Loi thuc: Thuc chng i tho ng (c ch alpha - glucosidase). Dng thuc v hm lng Vin 50 mg, 100 mg. Dc l v c ch tc dng Acarbose l mt tetrasacharid chng i tho ng, c ch men alpha - glucosidase rut c bit l sucrase, lm chm tiu ha v hp thu carbohydrat. Kt qu l glucose mu tng chm hn sau khi n, gim nguy c tng glucose mu, v nng glucose mu ban ngy dao ng t hn. Khi dng liu php mt thuc, acarbose lm gim nng trung bnh ca hemoglobin glycosylat (vo khong 0,6 n 1%). Gim hemoglobin glycosylat tng quan vi gim nguy c bin chng vi mch ngi i tho ng. Acarbose khng c ch men lactase v khng gy mt dung np lactose. Tri vi cc thuc chng i tho ng sulfonylur, acarbose khng lm tng tit insulin. Acarbose cng khng gy gim glucose mu lc i khi dng n tr liu ngi. V c ch tc dng ca acarbose v ca thuc chng i tho ng sulfonylur khc nhau, chng c tc dng cng hp khi dng phi hp; acarbose cng lm gim tc dng tng cn v gim tc dng hng n insulin ca sulfonylur. Tuy nhin, v acarbose ch yu lm chm hn l ngn cn hp thu glucose, thuc khng lm mt nhiu calo trong lm sng v khng gy st cn c ngi bnh thng v ngi i tho ng. Acarbose c th thm vo gip ci thin kim sot glucose mu ngi bnh iu tr t kt qu bng cc liu php thng thng.

18. ACARBOSE Dc ng hc Thng thng, thuc hp thu km ng tiu ha; kh dng sinh hc < 1 - 2%. Thuc ging v rut do vi khun ng rut v o thi qua phn. Ch nh n tr liu: Nh mt thuc ph tr ch n v tp luyn iu tr i tho ng typ 2 (khng ph thuc insulin) ngi tng glucose mu (c bit tng glucose mu sau khi n) khng kim sot c ch bng ch n v tp luyn. Phi hp vi sulfonylur nh 1 thuc ph tr ch n v tp luyn iu tr i tho ng typ 2 ngi bnh tng glucose mu khng kim sot c bng acarbose hoc sulfonylur dng n c. Chng ch nh Qu mn vi acarbose. Vim nhim ng rut, c bit kt hp vi lot. Do thuc c kh nng to hi trong rut, khng nn dng cho nhng ngi d b bnh l do tng p lc bng (thot v). Nhng trng hp suy gan, tng enzym gan. Ngi mang thai hoc ang cho con b. H ng mu. i tho ng nhim toan th ceton. Thn trng V c nhng trng hp tng enzym gan nn cn theo di transaminase gan trong qu trnh iu tr bng acarbose.

19. ACARBOSE C th xy ra h glucose mu khi dng acarbose ng thi vi mt thuc chng i tho ng sulfonylur v/hoc insulin. Khi iu tr h glucose mu, phi dng glucose ung (dextrose) m khng dng sucrose v hp thu glucose khng b c ch bi acarbose. Acarbose khng c tc dng khi dng n c nhng ngi bnh i tho ng c bin chng nhim toan, tng ceton hoc hn m; nhng trng hp ny, phi dng insulin. Tc dng khng mong mun (ADR) a s cc tc dng khng mong mun l v tiu ha: Thng gp, ADR > 1/100 Tiu ha: y bng, phn nt, a chy, bun nn, bng trng v au. t gp, 1/1000 < ADR < 1/100 Gan: Test chc nng gan bt thng. Da: Nga, ngoi ban. Him gp, ADR < 1/1000 Gan: Vng da, vim gan Hng dn cch x tr ADR Tc dng khng mong mun v tiu ha c th gim khi vn tip tc iu tr v ch cn gim lng ng n (ng ma). gim thiu cc tc dng ph v tiu ha, nn bt u iu tr bng liu thp nht v tng dn cho ti khi t c kt qu mong mun. Khng dng thuc chng acid iu tr cc tc dng ph v tiu ha ny. Liu lng v cch dng

20. ACARBOSE Ung acarbose vo u ba n gim nng glucose mu sau n. Liu phi do thy thuc iu chnh cho ph hp tng trng hp, v hiu qu v dung np thay i ty tng ngi bnh. Vin thuc phi nhai cng vi ming n u tin hoc nut c vin cng vi t nc ngay trc khi n. Mc tiu iu tr l gim glucose mu sau khi n v hemoglobin glycosylat v mc bnh thng hoc gn bnh thng vi liu acarbose thp nht, hoc dng mt mnh hoc phi hp vi thuc chng i tho ng sulfonylur. Trong qu trnh iu tr ban u v iu chnh liu phi nh lng glucose mt gi sau khi n xc nh s p ng iu tr v liu ti thiu c tc dng ca acarbose. Sau , theo di hemoglobin glycosylat, khong 3 thng mt ln (thi gian sng ca hng cu) nh gi kim sot glucose mu di hn. Liu lng: Liu ban u thng dng cho ngi ln: 25 mg. C sau 4 - 8 tun li tng liu cho n khi t c nng glucose sau khi n 1 gi nh mong mun (di 180 mg/decilit) hoc t liu ti a 50 mg, 3 ln mi ngy (cho ngi bnh nng 60 kg hoc nh hn) hoc 100 mg, 3 ln mi ngy (cho ngi bnh nng trn 60 kg). Liu duy tr thng dng: 50 - 100 mg, 3 ln trong ngy. Dng liu 50 mg, 3 ln mi ngy c th c t tc dng ph hn m vn c hiu qu nh khi dng liu 100 mg, 3 ln mi ngy. Tuy nng glucose mu c th c kim sot mt cch tha ng sau vi ba ngy iu chnh liu lng nhng tc dng y ca thuc phi chm ti sau 2 tun. Tng tc thuc Trong khi iu tr bng acarbose, thc n cha ng n sacharose (ng ma) thng gy kh chu bng hoc c khi a chy, v carbohydrat tng ln men i trng.

21. ACARBOSE Acarbose c th cn tr hp thu hoc chuyn ha st. V c ch tc dng ca acarbose v ca cc thuc chng i tho ng sulfonylur hoc biguanid khc nhau, nn tc dng ca chng i vi kim sot glucose mu c tnh cht cng khi dng phi hp. V c th lm gim tc dng ca acarbose, cn trnh dng ng thi vi cc thuc chng acid, cholestyramin, cc cht hp ph rut v cc enzym tiu ha. n nh v bo qun Bo qun thuc di 300 C. Thng tin qui ch Thuc c bng B. Thnh phm gim c: Thuc vin c hm lng ti a l 100 mg.

22. ACETAZOLAMID ACETAZOLAMID Tn chung quc t: Acetazolamide. M ATC: S01E C01. Loi thuc: Thuc chng glcm. Dng thuc v hm lng Thuc tim 500 mg/5 ml; Vin nn 125 mg, 250 mg. Dc l v c ch tc dng Acetazolamid l cht c ch carbonic anhydrase. c ch enzym ny lm gim to thnh ion hydrogen v bicarbonat t carbon dioxyd v nc, lm gim kh nng sn c nhng ion ny dng cho qu trnh vn chuyn tch cc. Acetazolamid lm h nhn p bng cch lm gim sn xut thy dch ti 50 - 60%. C ch cha c hon ton bit r nhng c l lin quan n gim nng ion bicarbonat trong cc dch mt. Tc dng toan chuyn ha c p dng iu tr ng kinh. Trc y acetazolamid c dng lm thuc li niu, nhng hiu lc gim dn khi tip tc s dng nn phn ln c thay th bng cc thuc khc nh thiazid hoc furosemid. Dc ng hc Acetazolamid c hp thu nhanh v hon ton qua ng tiu ha, t nng cao trong mu sau khi ung 2 gi. Na i trong huyt tng khong 3 - 6 gi. Thuc lin kt mnh vi enzym carbonic anhydrase v t nng cao m c cha enzym ny, c bit trong hng cu, v thn. Lin kt vi protein huyt tng cao. Thuc o thi qua thn di dng khng i. Ch nh

23. ACETAZOLAMID Glcm gc m (khng sung huyt, n thun mn tnh) iu tr ngn ngy cng cc thuc co ng t trc khi phu thut; glcm gc ng cp (gc hp, tc); glcm tr em hoc glcm th pht do c thy tinh th hoc tiu th thy tinh. Kt hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr ng kinh cn nh ch yu vi tr em v ngi tr tui. Chng ch nh Nhim acid do thn, tng clor mu v cn. Bnh Addison. Suy gan, suy thn nng. Gim kali huyt, gim natri huyt, mt cn bng in gii khc. Qu mn vi cc sulfonamid. iu tr di ngy glcm gc ng mn tnh hoc sung huyt (v acetazolamid c th che lp hin tng dnh gc do gim nhn p). Thn trng Bnh tc nghn phi, trn kh phi. Ngi bnh d b nhim acid, hoc i tho ng. Thi k mang thai Thuc li tiu thiazid v dn cht c th i qua hng ro nhau thai, gy ri lon in gii i vi thai nhi. Mt vi trng hp gy gim tiu cu s sinh. V vy, acetazolamid khng c s dng cho ngi mang thai. Thi k cho con b

24. ACETAZOLAMID Acetazolamid bi tit vo sa m v gy ra cc phn ng c hi nguy him cho tr. V vy khng nn s dng acetazolamid i vi ngi cho con b. Tc dng khng mong mun (ADR) Thng gp, ADR>1/100 Ton thn: Mt mi, hoa mt, chn n. Tiu ha: Thay i v gic. Chuyn ha: Nhim acid chuyn ha. t gp, 1/100 >ADR >1/1000 Ton thn: St, nga. Thn kinh: D cm, trm cm. Tiu ha: Bun nn, nn. Chuyn ha: Bi tit acid uric gim trong nc tiu, bnh gt c th nng ln; gim kali mu tm thi. Tit niu - sinh dc: i ra tinh th, si thn, gim tnh dc. Him gp, ADR 1/100 Bun nn, nn. t gp, 1/1000 < ADR < 1/100 Bun ng, nhc u, tai. Vim ming, chy nc mi nhiu.

31. ACETYLCYSTEIN Pht ban, my ay. Him, ADR < 1/1000 Co tht ph qun km phn ng dng phn v ton thn. St, rt run. Hng dn cch x tr ADR Dng dung dch acetylcystein pha long c th gim kh nng gy nn nhiu do thuc. Phi iu tr ngay phn ng phn v bng tim di da adrenalin (0,3 - 0,5 ml dung dch 1/1000 ) th oxy 100%, t ni kh qun nu cn, truyn dch tnh mch tng th tch huyt tng, ht thuc ch vn beta - adrenergic nu co tht ph qun, tim tnh mch 500 mg hydrocortison hoc 125 mg methylprednisolon. C th c ch phn ng qu mn vi acetylcystein bao gm pht hng ban ton thn, nga, bun nn, nn, chng mt, bng dng khng histamin trc. C kin cho rng qu mn l do c ch gi d ng trn c s gii phng histamin hn l do nguyn nhn min dch. V phn ng qu mn xy ra ti 3% s ngi tim tnh mch acetylcystein iu tr qu liu paracetamol, nn cc thy thuc cn ch dng khng histamin phng phn ng . Liu lng v cch dng Cch dng: Nu dng lm thuc tiu cht nhy, c th phun m, cho trc tip hoc nh vo kh qun dung dch acetylcystein 10 - 20%. Thuc tc dng tt nht pH t 7 n 9, v pH ca cc ch phm bn trn th trng c th c iu chnh bng natri hydroxyd. Nu dng lm thuc gii c trong qu liu paracetamol, c th cho ung dung dch acetylcystein

32. ACETYLCYSTEIN 5%. Cng c th dng ng tim nh git tnh mch iu tr qu liu paracetamol nhng nn chn cch ung. Thuc nh mt acetylcystein 5% dng ti ch lm gim nh cc triu chng do thiu mng mng nc mt. Liu lng: Lm thuc tiu cht nhy, acetylcystein c th c dng: Hoc phun m 3 - 5 ml dung dch 20% hoc 6 - 10 ml dung dch 10% qua mt mt n hoc u vi phun, t 3 n 4 ln mi ngy. Nu cn, c th phun m 1 n 10 ml dung dch 20% hoc 2 n 20 ml dung dch 10%, cch 2 n 6 gi 1 ln. Hoc nh trc tip vo kh qun t 1 n 2 ml dung dch 10 n 20% mi gi 1 ln. C th phi ht m long bng my ht. Hoc ung vi liu 200 mg, ba ln mi ngy, di dng ht ha tan trong nc. Tr em di 2 tui ung 200 mg/ngy chia 2 ln v tr em t 2 n 6 tui ung 200 mg, hai ln mi ngy. iu tr kh mt c tit cht nhy bt thng: Thng dng acetylcystein ti ch, di dng dung dch 5% cng vi hypromellose, nh 1 n 2 git, 3 n 4 ln mi ngy. Dng lm thuc gii c qu liu paracetamol bng cch tim truyn tnh mch hoc ung: Tim truyn tnh mch: Liu u tin 150 mg /kg th trng, di dng dung dch 20% trong 200 ml glucose 5%, tim tnh mch trong 15 pht, tip theo, truyn nh git tnh mch 50 mg/kg trong 500 ml glucose 5%, trong 4 gi tip theo v sau 100 mg/kg trong 1 lt glucose 5% truyn trong 16 gi tip theo. i vi tr em th tch dch truyn tnh mch phi thay i.

33. ACETYLCYSTEIN Hoc ung: Liu u tin 140 mg/kg, dng dung dch 5%; tip theo cch 4 gi ung 1 ln, liu 70 mg/kg th trng v ung tng cng thm 17 ln. Acetylcystein c thng bo l rt hiu qu khi dng trong vng 8 gi sau khi b qu liu paracetamol, hiu qu bo v gim i sau thi gian . Nu bt u iu tr chm hn 15 gi th khng hiu qu, nhng cc cng trnh nghin cu gn y cho rng vn cn c ch. Tng tc thuc Acetylcystein l mt cht kh nn khng ph hp vi cc cht oxy - ha. Khng c dng ng thi cc thuc ho khc hoc bt c thuc no lm gim bi tit ph qun trong thi gian iu tr bng acetylcystein. n nh v bo qun Phi bo qun l dung dch natri acetylcystein cha m 15 - 300 C. Sau khi tip xc vi khng kh, dung dch phi bo qun 2 - 80 C lm chm oxy - ha v phi dng trong vng 96 gi. Phi pha dung dch long ngay trc khi dng v dung dch ny ch n nh trong vng mt gi. Tng k Acetylcystein phn ng vi 1 s kim loi, c bit st, niken, ng v vi cao su. Cn trnh thuc tip xc vi cc cht . Khng c dng cc my phun m c cc thnh phn bng kim loi hoc cao su. Dung dch natri acetylcystein tng k v l v/hoc ha hc vi cc dung dch cha penicilin, oxacilin, oleandomycin, amphotericin B, tetracyclin, erythromycin lactobionat, hoc natri ampicilin. Khi nh

34. ACETYLCYSTEIN dng mt trong cc khng sinh dng kh dung, thuc phi c phun m ring. Dung dch acetylcystein cng tng k v l hc vi du iod, trypsin v hydrogen peroxyd. Qu liu v x tr Qu liu acetylcystein c triu chng tng t nh triu chng ca phn v, nhng nng hn nhiu: c bit l gim huyt p. Cc triu chng khc bao gm suy h hp, tan mu, ng mu ri rc ni mch v suy thn. T vong xy ra ngi bnh b qu liu acetylcystein trong khi ang iu tr nhim c paracetamol. Qu liu acetylcystein xy ra khi tim truyn qu nhanh v vi liu qu cao. iu tr qu liu theo triu chng. Thng tin qui ch Acetylcystein c trong danh mc thuc thit yu Vit Nam ban hnh ln th 4 nm 1999. Thuc dng tim phi k n v bn theo n.

35. ACICLOVIR ACICLOVIR Tn chung quc t: Aciclovir. M ATC: D06B B03, J05A B01, S01A D03. Loi thuc: Thuc chng virus. Dng thuc v hm lng Vin nn 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg. Nang 200 mg. L bt pha tim 1 g, 500 mg, 250 mg di dng mui natri. Hn dch ung: L 5 g/125 ml, 4 g/50 ml. Tup 3 g, 15 g m dng ngoi 5%. Tup 4,5 g m tra mt 3%. Tup 2 g, 10 g kem dng ngoi 5%. Dc l v c ch tc dng Aciclovir l mt cht tng t nucleosid (acycloguanosin), c tc dng chn lc trn t bo nhim virus Herpes. c tc dng aciclovir phi c phosphoryl ha thnh dng c hot tnh l aciclovir triphosphat. chng u, aciclovir c chuyn thnh aciclovir monophosphat nh enzym ca virus l thymidinkinase, sau chuyn tip thnh aciclovir diphosphat v triphosphat bi mt s enzym khc ca t bo. Aciclovir triphosphat c ch tng hp DNA ca virus v s nhn ln ca virus m khng nh hng g n chuyn ha ca t bo bnh thng. Tc dng ca aciclovir mnh nht trn virus Herpes simplex typ 1 (HSV - 1) v km hn virus Herpes simplex typ 2 (HSV - 2), virus Varicella

36. ACICLOVIR zoster (VZV), tc dng yu nht trn cytomegalovirus (CMV). Trn lm sng khng thy acilovir c hiu qu trn ngi bnh nhim CMV. Tc dng chng virus Epstein Barr vn cn cha r. Trong qu trnh iu tr xut hin mt s chng khng thuc v virus Herpes simplex tim n trong cc hch khng b tiu dit. Aciclovir c tc dng tt trong iu tr vim no th nng do virus HSV - 1, t l t vong c th gim t 70% xung 20%. Trong mt s ngi bnh c cha khi, cc bin chng nghim trng cng gim i. Aciclovir dng liu cao ti 10 mg/kg th trng, c 8 gi mt ln, dng trong 10 n 14 ngy. Th vim no - mng no nh hn do HSV - 2 cng c th iu tr tt vi aciclovir. ngi bnh nng, cn tim truyn aciclovir tnh mch, nh nhim HSV lan ta ngi suy gim min dch, ngi ghp tng, bnh mu c tnh, bnh AIDS, nhim herpes tin pht ming hoc sinh dc, herpes tr s sinh, vim gic mc nng do Herpes, trng hp ny c th dng km thuc nh mt aciclovir 3% iu tr ti ch. Dc ng hc Kh dng sinh hc theo ng ung ca aciclovir khong 20% (15 - 30%). Thc n khng lm nh hng n hp thu ca thuc. Aciclovir phn b rng trong dch c th v cc c quan nh: No, thn, phi, rut, gan, lch, c, t cung, nim mc v dch m o, nc mt, thy dch, tinh dch, dch no ty. Lin kt vi protein thp (9 - 33%). Thi gian t nng nh trong huyt tng: Nng nh trong huyt thanh: Ung t 1,5 - 2 gi, tim tnh mch: 1gi. Na i sinh hc ca thuc ngi ln khong 3 gi, tr em t 2 - 3 gi, tr s sinh 4 gi. Mt lng nh thuc c chuyn ha gan, cn phn ln (30 - 90% liu) c o thi qua thn di dng khng bin i. Ch nh

37. ACICLOVIR iu tr khi u v d phng ti nhim virus Herpes simplex typ 1 v 2 da v nim mc, vim no Herpes simplex. iu tr nhim Herpes zoster (bnh zona) cp tnh. Zona mt, vim phi do Herpes zoster ngi ln. iu tr nhim khi u v ti pht nhim Herpes sinh dc. Thy u xut huyt, thy u ngi suy gim min dch, thy u tr s sinh. Chng ch nh Chng ch nh dng aciclovir cho ngi bnh mn cm vi thuc. Thn trng Thn trng vi ngi suy thn, liu dng phi iu chnh theo thanh thi creatinin. Tim truyn tnh mch chm, vi thi gian trn 1 gi trnh kt ta aciclovir trong thn. Trnh tim nhanh hoc tim vi mt lng ln. Cn cho nc. Nguy c suy thn tng ln, nu dng ng thi vi cc thuc c vi thn. iu tr tim truyn tnh mch liu cao c th gy tng creatinin huyt thanh c hi phc, c bit vi ngi bnh mt nc, d lm tng kt ta aciclovir trong ng thn. Thi k mang thai Ch nn dng aciclovir cho ngi mang thai khi li ch iu tr hn hn ri ro c th xy ra vi bo thai. Thi k cho con b Thuc c bi tit qua sa m khi dng ng ung. Nn thn trng khi dng thuc i vi ngi cho con b. Tc dng khng mong mun (ADR)

38. ACICLOVIR ng ung: Dng ngn hn, c th gp bun nn, nn. Dng di hn (1 nm) c th gp bun nn, nn, a chy, au bng, ban, nhc u (< 5% ngi bnh). ng tim truyn tnh mch: Thng gp nht l vim, vim tnh mch v tr tim. t gp l cc phn ng thn kinh hoc tm thn (ng lm, run, ln, o gic, cn ng kinh), kt ta thuc ng thn dn n suy thn cp, tng nht thi ur v creatinin, enzym gan trong huyt thanh, ban da, bun nn. Kem bi: C khi gp cm gic nht thi nng bng hoc nhi v tr bi km theo ban nh khi kh. Thuc m bi mt: Mt s t ngi bnh thy nhi nh ngay khi bi. Vim gic mc chm, vim mi mt, vim kt mc. Tuy nhin khng cn ngng thuc, s khi khng li di chng. Liu lng v cch dng iu tr bng aciclovir phi c bt u cng sm cng tt khi c du hiu v triu chng ca bnh. Ung: iu tr do nhim Herpes simplex. Ngi ln: Mi ln 200 mg (400 mg ngi suy gim min dch), ngy 5 ln, cch nhau 4 gi, dng trong 5 - 10 ngy. Tr em di 2 tui: Na liu ngi ln. Tr em trn 2 tui: Bng liu ngi ln. Phng ti pht herpes simplex cho ngi bnh suy gim min dch, ngi ghp c quan dng thuc gim min dch, ngi nhim HIV, ngi dng ha liu php: Mi ln 200 - 400 mg, ngy 4 ln.

39. ACICLOVIR Tr em di 2 tui: Dng na liu ngi ln. Tr em trn 2 tui: Bng liu ngi ln. iu tr thy u v zona. Ngi ln: Mi ln 800 mg, ngy 5 ln, trong 7 ngy. Tr em: Bnh varicella, mi ln 20 mg/kg th trng (ti a 800 mg) ngy 4 ln trong 5 ngy hoc tr em di 2 tui mi ln 200 mg, ngy 4 ln; 2 - 5 tui mi ln 400 mg ngy 4 ln; tr em trn 6 tui mi ln 800 mg, ngy 4 ln. Tim truyn tnh mch: iu tr herpes simplex ngi suy gim min dch, herpes sinh dc khi u nng, Varicella zoster: 5 mg/kg th trng, c 8 gi mi ln trong 5 - 7 ngy. Liu tng ln gp i thnh 10 mg/kg th trng, c 8 gi mt ln ngi suy gim min dch nhim Varicella zoster v ngi bnh vim no do Herpes simplex (thng dng 10 ngy bnh vim no). Tr s sinh ti 3 thng nhim Herpes simplex: Mi ln 10 mg/kg th trng, c 8 gi mt ln trong 10 ngy. Tr t 3 thng - 12 nm nhim Herpes simplex hoc Varicella zoster 250 mg/m2 da, c 8 gi mt ln, trong 5 ngy. Liu tng ln gp i thnh 500 mg/m2 da, c 8 gi 1 ln cho ngi suy gim min dch b nhim Varicella zoster v trong trng hp vim no do herpes simplex (thng dng 10 ngy bnh vim no). Thuc m aciclovir: iu tr nhim Herpes simplex mi v sinh dc khi pht v ti pht. Cn iu tr cng sm cng tt. Nhim ming hoc m o, cn thit phi dng iu tr ton thn (ung). Vi herpes zoster cng cn phi iu tr ton thn.

40. ACICLOVIR Cch dng thuc m: Bi ln v tr tn thng cch 4 gi mt ln (5 n 6 ln mi ngy) trong 5 n 7 ngy, bt u ngay t khi xut hin triu chng. Thuc m tra mt: Ngy bi 5 ln (tip tc t nht 3 ngy sau khi dng liu iu tr). Vi ngi bnh suy thn: Ung: Bnh nhim HSV hoc Varicella zoster, liu nh i vi ngi bnh thng, song cn lu : thanh thi creatinin 10 - 25 ml/pht: Cch 8 gi ung 1 ln. thanh thi creatinin di 10 ml/pht: Cch 12gi ung 1 ln. Tim truyn tnh mch: Thm tch mu: Liu 2,5 - 5 mg/kg th trng, 24 gi mt ln, sau khi thm tch. Siu lc mu ng - tnh mch hoc tnh - tnh mch lin tc: Liu nh i vi trng hp thanh thi creatinin di 10 ml/pht. Tim truyn: Phi tim chm trong vng 1 gi, trnh kt ta aciclovir trong thn. Pha dung dch tim truyn: Aciclovir tim truyn tnh mch c ha tan trong nc ct pha tim hoc dung dch tim truyn natri clorid 0,9% c dung dch cha 25 mg aciclovir/ml.

41. ACICLOVIR Theo liu cn dng, chn s lng v l thuc c hm lng thch hp. Pha thuc trong th tch dch truyn cn thit, lc nh ha tan hon ton. Pha long thm c nng aciclovir khng ln hn 5 mg/ml truyn. Trong qu trnh chun b v ha tan dung dch, cn phi tin hnh trong iu kin hon ton v khun, v ch pha trc khi s dng v khng s dng phn dung dch pha khng dng ht. Nu thy c vn hoc ta trong dung dch trc hoc trong khi tim truyn th phi hy b. Tng tc thuc Dng ng thi zidovudin v aciclovir c th gy trng thi ng lm v l m. Probenecid c ch cnh tranh o thi aciclovir qua ng thn, nn tng ti 40% v gim thi tr qua nc tiu v thanh thi ca aciclovir. Amphotericin B v ketoconazol lm tng hiu lc chng virus ca aciclovir. Interferon lm tng tc dng chng virus in vitro ca aciclovir. Thn trng khi dng thuc tim aciclovir cho ngi bnh trc y c phn ng v thn kinh vi interferon. Dng aciclovir tim phi thn trng vi ngi bnh c phn ng v thn kinh khi dng methotrexat. n nh v bo qun Bo qun 15 - 25o C, trnh m v nh sng. Tng k Tng k vi cc ch phm ca mu v dung dch cha protein.

42. ACICLOVIR Qu liu v x tr Triu chng: C kt ta trong ng thn khi nng trong ng thn vt qu ha tan 2,5 mg/ml, hoc khi creatinin huyt thanh cao, suy thn, trng thi kch thch, bn chn, run, co git, nh trng ngc, cao huyt p, kh tiu tin. iu tr: Thm tch mu ngi bnh cho n khi chc nng thn phc hi, ngng thuc, cho truyn nc v in gii. Thng tin qui ch Aciclovir c trong danh mc thuc thit yu Vit Nam ban hnh ln th t nm 1999. Thuc c bng B. Thnh phm gim c: Thuc mt c nng ti a l 3%.

43. ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN) ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN) Tn chung quc t: Acetylsalicylic acid. M ATC: A01A D05, B01A C06, N02B A01. Loi thuc: Thuc gim au salicylat; thuc h st; thuc chng vim khng steroid; thuc c ch kt tp tiu cu. Dng thuc v hm lng Vin nn: 325 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg. Vin nn nhai c: 75 mg, 81 mg. Vin nn gii phng chm (vin bao tan trong rut): 81 mg, 162 mg, 165 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg, 650 mg, 975 mg. Vin nn bao phim: 325 mg, 500 mg. Dc l v c ch tc dng Acid acetylsalicylic (aspirin) c tc dng gim au, h nhit v chng vim. Aspirin c hp thu nhanh vi mc cao. ngi ln, nng iu tr ca acid salicylic 30 - 60 mg/lt huyt tng cho tc dng gim au v h st, v 40 - 100 mg/lt huyt tng cho tc dng chng vim. Do liu aspirin thng dng cho ngi ln l 500 mg gim au nh v va hoc gim st v cho nng salicylat 30 - 60 mg/lt huyt tng trong vng na gi, tn ti trong 3 - 4 gi. i vi bnh thp khp, nng ny khng , thng phi tng liu hng ngy ti a ti 6 g. Liu trn 1 g khng lm tng thm tc dng gim au. Trong khi c hp thu qua thnh rut, cng nh khi gan v mu, aspirin c thy phn thnh acid salicylic, c cng tc dng dc l nh aspirin. Vi liu 500 mg aspirin, na i huyt tng l 20 - 30 pht vi aspirin, v 2,5 - 3 gi vi acid salicylic. Khi dng liu cao hn, na i acid salicylic di hn. Aspirin ch thi tr qua thn di dng salicylat t do hoc lin hp.

44. ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN) Aspirin c ch khng thun nghch cyclooxygenase, do c ch tng hp prostaglandin. Cc t bo c kh nng tng hp cyclooxygenase mi s c th tip tc tng hp prostaglandin, sau khi nng acid salicylic gim. Tiu cu l t bo khng c nhn, khng c kh nng tng hp cyclooxygenase mi, do cyclooxygenase b c ch khng thun nghch, cho ti khi tiu cu mi c to thnh. Nh vy aspirin c ch khng thun nghch kt tp tiu cu, cho ti khi tiu cu mi c to thnh. Aspirin cn c ch sn sinh prostaglandin thn. S sn sinh prostaglandin thn t quan trng v mt sinh l vi ngi bnh c thn bnh thng, nhng c vai tr rt quan trng trong duy tr lu thng mu qua thn ngi suy thn mn tnh, suy tim, suy gan, hoc c ri lon v th tch huyt tng. nhng ngi bnh ny, tc dng c ch tng hp prostaglandin thn ca aspirin c th dn n suy thn cp tnh, gi nc v suy tim cp tnh. Dc ng hc Kh dng sinh hc ung (%): 68 3. Gn vi protein huyt tng (%): 49. Tng ur mu lm gim gn vi protein huyt tng. thanh thi (ml/pht/kg): 9,3 1,1. thanh thi thay i ngi cao tui, ngi x gan. Th tch phn b (lt/kg): 0,15 0,03. Na i (gi): 0,25 0,03. Na i thay i ngi vim gan. o thi qua thn ch yu di dng acid salicylic t do v cc cht chuyn ha lin hp. Ch nh Aspirin c ch nh gim cc cn au nh v va, ng thi gim st. V c t l cao v tc dng ph n ng tiu ha, nn aspirin hay

45. ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN) c thay th bng paracetamol, dung np tt hn. Aspirin cng c s dng trong chng vim cp v mn nh vim khp dng thp, vim khp dng thp thiu nin, vim (thoi ha) xng khp v vim t sng dng thp. Nh tc dng chng kt tp tiu cu, aspirin c s dng trong d phng th pht nhi mu c tim v t qu nhng ngi bnh c tin s v nhng bnh ny. Aspirin cng c ch nh trong iu tr hi chng Kawasaki v c tc dng chng vim, h st v chng huyt khi. Chng ch nh Do nguy c d ng cho, khng dng aspirin cho ngi c triu chng hen, vim mi hoc my ay khi dng aspirin hoc nhng thuc chng vim khng steroid khc trc y. Ngi c tin s bnh hen khng c dng aspirin, do nguy c gy hen thng qua tng tc vi cn bng prostaglandin v thromboxan. Nhng ngi khng c dng aspirin cn gm ngi c bnh a chy mu, gim tiu cu, lot d dy hoc t trng ang hot ng, suy tim va v nng, suy gan, suy thn, c bit ngi c tc lc cu thn di 30 ml/pht v x gan. Thn trng Cn thn trng khi iu tr ng thi vi thuc chng ng mu hoc khi c nguy c chy mu khc. Khng kt hp aspirin vi cc thuc khng vim khng steroid v cc glucocorticoid. Khi iu tr cho ngi b suy tim nh, bnh thn hoc bnh gan, c bit khi dng ng thi vi thuc li tiu, cn quan tm xem xt cn thn nguy c gi nc v nguy c gim chc nng thn. tr em khi dng aspirin gy ra mt s trng hp hi chng Reye, v vy hn ch nhiu ch nh dng aspirin cho tr em. Ngi cao tui c th d b nhim c aspirin, c kh nng do gim chc nng thn. Cn phi dng liu thp hn liu thng thng dng cho ngi ln.

46. ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN) Thi k mang thai Aspirin c ch cyclooxygenase v s sn sinh prostaglandin; iu ny quan trng vi s ng ng ng mch. Aspirin cn c ch co bp t cung, do gy tr hon chuyn d. Tc dng c ch sn sinh prostaglandin c th dn n ng sm ng ng mch trong t cung, vi nguy c nghim trng tng huyt p ng mch phi v suy h hp s sinh. Nguy c chy mu tng ln c m v thai nhi, v aspirin c ch kt tp tiu cu m v thai nhi. Do , khng c dng aspirin trong 3 thng cui cng ca thi k mang thai. Thi k cho con b Aspirin vo trong sa m, nhng vi liu iu tr bnh thng c rt t nguy c xy ra tc dng c hi tr b sa m. Tc dng khng mong mun (ADR) ADR ph bin nht lin quan n h tiu ha, thn kinh v cm mu. Tn s ADR ph thuc vo liu. C ti 5% tng s ngi c iu tr c ADR. Thng gp nht l triu chng tiu ha (4%) v liu cao (trn 3 g mt ngy), t l ngi c ADR l trn 50% tng s ngi c iu tr. Thng gp, ADR >1/100 Tiu ha: Bun nn, nn, kh tiu, kh chu thng v, nng, au d dy, lot d dy - rut. H thn kinh trung ng: Mt mi. Da: Ban, my ay. Huyt hc: Thiu mu tan mu. Thn kinh - c v xng: Yu c.

47. ACID ACETYLSALICYLIC (ASPIRIN) H hp: Kh th. Khc: Sc phn v. t gp, 1/1000 < ADR

Health & Medicine

Duoc thu-quoc-gia-viet-nam-a-z