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Early Pig Care - Dr. David Baumert - Cargill Pork, from the 2013 Missouri Pork Expo, February 13 - 14, 2013, Columbia, MO, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-missouri-pork-expo
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Early Pig Care – Starting Pigs Right
David A. Baumert, D.V.M.Missouri Pork ExpoFebruary 13, 2013
Starting weaned pigs right for the right reasons
Golden Ideals vs. Practical World Start-up
Nursery management overview
Maintaining the right start with Individual Pig Care (IPC)
Overview
Animal welfare / Avoid Public (mis)perception
Economics◦ Sow reproductive gains◦ Older, healthier pigs being weaned◦ Availability of new or improved nutrients
Efficient use of employee labor and management
Personal Pride
Starting Pigs Right for the Right Reasons
Pigs are a minimum of 21 days of age;
Pigs average 14 lbs at weaning;
Pigs age range of <7 days at the site;
Maximum of 2 weaned groups into an air space;
PRRS virus, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Swine influenza (flu) virus free;
Single sow source;M. Eisenmenger 2009
Golden Ideals . . . .
Pigs may be weaned younger than 21 days;
Normal distribution of ‘14 lbs pigs’ will have 25 pigs per 1,000 head at <10 lbs;
Small flows/large barns may fill over a long period of time, have multiple small weaned groups, or come from multiple sources;
PRRS virus, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and/or Flu virus;
Pigs with special needs need to have special handling (heat / mat space/ mat feeding);
. . . vs. the Real World
Drivers of Successful Early Pig Care include:◦ Health◦ Pig size / Distribution◦ Feed◦ Water◦ Transportation◦ Sorting◦ Facilities◦ Vaccinations◦ People◦ Individual Pig Care
Nursery Management Overview
PRRS virus
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia
Flu virus
Also, APP, TGE, Ileitis, & Swine Dysentery
Health for the Right Start
14 lb average
Statistical examination: Standard deviation will be approximately 2 lbs;
65% of pigs will be 12-16 lbs; 95% of pigs will be 10 – 18 lbs; 2 ½% of pigs will be <10 lbs; (2 ½% >18 lbs)
Industry standard: no pigs less than 6 lbs;
Pig size/Distribution for the Right Start
Creep feeding◦ Purpose◦ Amount / time frame
Post-wean feeding◦ Availability◦ Mat feeding◦ Antibiotics, supplements
On-feed targets
Feed for the Right Start
Easy, ready access at arrival to the nursery;
Excess Water intake / decreased feed intake;
Evidence of placement dehydration
Water acidification
Water for the Right Start
Clean, dry, temperature controlled, not crowded;
Re-transporting of pigs and re-washing of trucks for ‘double-stocking’
Transportation for the Right Start
Not all vaccines are equal◦ Piglet response◦ Injection site lesion◦ Feed intake and daily gain
Reaction does not equal protection
‘Pre-wean’ rather than ‘at-’ or ‘post-wean’
Vaccinations for the Right Start
People characteristics:◦ Organized◦ Compassionate◦ Detail oriented
‘7-day care Crews’
Extended hours ? ? ?
People for the Right Start
CLICK TO ADD TITLE
Why Individual Pig Care?
Barn level Pen level Pig level
Daily walk-throughs should include three levels
Credits Dr. Mike Eisenminger
Careful but quick head to tail, top to bottom observation of each pig individually
◦ 1 second per pig (20 minutes / 1200 head barn)◦ Compare each to the ideal◦ Only way we find “A” pigs!
Using time wisely◦ Be prepared to chore the barn◦ Spend time with “asset pigs” versus “liability pigs”
Understanding treatment expectations◦ A versus B versus C
How many pigs do we expect people to treat?◦ Nursery: 30%◦ Early finish: 10% 2007 Doane
Pig Level Detail
“A” Pig
“B” Pig
“C” Pig
Understanding A, B & C sick pigs Caretakers must understand the following:
◦ All sick pigs start their disease event as an “A” pig;
“A” clinical signs include usually the following: Usually looks like a healthy pig until further
investigation. An “A” pig is not easily found especially if individuals are not assessed
Usually in full flesh and/or bloom May or may NOT be gaunt based on the length of
time the pig has been sick May or may NOT be rough haired. If fuzzy, this
might be due to weather conditions or bad environment
Commonly depressed Listless ears and dull, red or weepy eyes are
common Commonly hard breathing/thumping if respiratory
“A” Pigs
Understanding A, B & C sick pigs Caretakers must understand the following:
◦ Remember, all sick pigs start their disease event as an “A” pig;
“B” clinical signs include definite gauntness; thinner, slab sided
beginnings of flesh loss, some spine showing Rough hair is common May be have a soiled coat due to laying down more than
healthy pigs Black exudate around the eyes, listless ears
“B” Pigs
Understanding A, B & C sick pigs
Caretakers must understand the following:◦ Remember, all sick pigs start their disease event as an
“A” pig
“C” clinical signs include severe gauntness and thin advanced tissue loss, typically the spine is showing severe depression and nearing euthanasia
“C” Pig
Understanding A, B & C sick pigs Caretakers must understand the following:
◦ A sick pig found and treated in the “A” category gives us the best chance for treatment success. This pig can likely stay in his original pen with his contemporaries. To be an “A”, the sick pig needs to be found the first 24-36 hours of illness
◦ A sick pig not found as an “A” and is allowed to develop into a “B” sick pig has moderate to low treatment success potential and should be moved to the sick pen
◦ A sick pig that has developed further clinical signs and has digressed to a “C” pig has a poor chance to respond to antibiotic treatment and needs to be moved to the sick pen
◦ Once a pig has been given a chance to compete and has been treated according to farm protocol euthanasia techniques outlined by the veterinarian should be administered to limit further suffering by the pig and further wasted resources.
ABC Theoretical Treatment Success
Though not documented in clinical studies, it is of general opinion that if,◦ “A” pigs have a 75% cure rate,◦ Then “B” pigs will have a 50% cure rate,◦ And “C” pigs will have only a 25% cure rate.
These points should motivate all of us to walk pens and use keen observation to find sick pigs as “A’s”. B’s and C’s are harder to get back on track to full value
What to look for:◦ Heads
#1 Treating Pigs
What to look for:◦ Body fill◦ Tissue Hydration
#2 Treating Pigs
Versus
What to look for:◦ Posture◦ Depression
#3 Treating Pigs
Written protocols to be executed clearly;
Health is king and must be protected at the sow-farm level;
First seven days of performance sets the stage for the next 23 weeks of grow/finish performance;
Starting Pigs Right
Thank you to the Missouri Pork Producer Association for inviting me to speak today;◦ www.mopork.com
Thank you to Pfizer Animal Health for sponsoring this portion of today’s sessions;
Questions??