Johnson's Behaviour System Model

Dorothy E. JohnsonReported by:

Emma H. Palco,RN

Introduction

•Dorothy E. Johnson was born August 21, 1919, in Savannah, Georgia.•B. S. N. from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1942; and her M.P.H. from Harvard University in Boston in 1948.

•From 1949 till retirement in 1978 she was an assistant professor of pediatric nursing, an associate professor of nursing, and a professor of nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles. •Johnson stressed the importance of research-based knowledge about the effect of nursing care on clients.

Behavior system model

•Dorothy first proposed her model of nursing care in 1968 as fostering of “the efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness".•She also stated that nursing was “concerned with man as an integrated whole and this is the specific knowledge of order we require”.• In 1980 Johnson published her conceptualization of “behavioral system of model for nursing”where she explains her definitions of the behavioral system model.

DEFINITION OF NURSING BY DOROTHY

She defined nursing as “an external regulatory force which acts to preserve the organization and integration of the patients behaviors at an optimum level under those conditions in which the behaviors constitutes a threat to the physical or social health, or in which illness is found”

Four goals of nursing are to assist the patient:

1.Whose behavior commensurate with social demands.2. Who is able to modify his behavior in ways that it supports biological imperatives.3. Who is able to benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physicians knowledge and skill.4. Whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a consequence of illness .

There are several layers of assumptions that Johnson makes in the development of conceptualization of the behavioral system model viz.* Assumptions about system* Assumptions about structure* Assumptions about functions

Assumptions about system

There are 4 assumptions of system

1. First, there is “organization, interaction, interdependency and integration of the parts and elements of behaviors that go to make up the system ” 2. A system “tends to achieve a balance among the various forces operating within and upon it', and that man strive continually to maintain a behavioral system balance and steady state by more or less automatic adjustments and adaptations to the natural forces impinging upon him.” 3.A behavioral system, which both requires and results in some degree of regularity and constancy in behavior, is essential to man that is to say, it is functionally significant in that it serves a useful purpose, both in social life and for the individual. 4.Last, “system balance reflects adjustments and adaptations that are successful in some way and to some degree.”.

FOUR STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

1. DRIVE OR GOAL

The ultimate consequence of behavior.

2. SET

Tendency or predisposition to act in a certain way

•PREPARATORY- What a person usually attend to.•PERSEVERATION/ PERSEVERATIVE- The habits that one maintain in a situation.•CHOICE- Represent the behavior a patient sees herself as being able to use in any given situation.

3. ACTION

The beahvior of an individual

THE 3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. PROTECTION

From noxious influence with which system cannot cope

2. NURTURANCE Through the aspect of appropriate supplies.

3. STIMULATION To enhance growth and prevent stagnation.

PROTECTION

NURTURANCESIMULATION

Johnson’s Behavioral Subsystem 

1.Attachment or affiliative subsystem

social inclusion intimacy and the formation and attachment of a strong social bond.

2.Dependency subsystem

approval, attention or recognition and physical assistance

3. Ingestive subsystem

the emphasis is on the meaning and structures of the social events surrounding the occasion when the food is eaten

4. Eliminative subsystem human cultures have defined different socially acceptable behaviors for excretion of waste ,but the existence of such a pattern remains different from culture to Culture.

5. Sexual subsystem

both biological and social factor affect the behavior in the sexual subsystem

6. Aggressive subsystem

it relates to the behaviors concerned with protection and self preservation Johnson views aggressive subsystem as one that generates defensive response from the individual when life or territory is being threatened

7. Achievement subsystem

provokes behavior that attempt to control the environment intellectual, physical, creative, mechanical and social skills achievement are some of the areas that Johnson recognizes

Goal ----- Set --- Choice of Behavior --- Behavior

MAJOR ASSUMPTION

* PERSON

As behavioral system with patterned, repetitive and purposeful ways of bahaving that link the person with environment.

* HEALTH

As an elusive, dynamic state influence by biological, psycho;ogical and social factors.

* ENVIRONMENT

All the factors that are not part of the individuals behavioral system but that influence the system.

* NURSING

Is an external force thatacts to preserve the organization and integration of the patients’ behavior to an optimal level by means of emposing temporary regulatory control mechanism.

HUMAN BEINGTWO MAJOR SYSTEM

1. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM MEDICINE’S FOCUS

2. BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM NURSING’S FOCUS

THANK YOU!