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Learning outcomes
The learning objectives of this lesson is to:
• Understand the definition of Diabetes.
• Understand the pathogenesis of Diabetes.
• Identify the types of Diabetes.
• Understand the general symptoms of Diabetes?
• Understand the definition of pre-diabetes.
• Understand the causes of Diabetes.
What is diabetes?
It’s a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal.
Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy.
The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies.
Pathogenesis
To understand why insulin is important, it helps to know more
about how the body uses food for energy. Your body is made up
of millions of cells. To make energy, these cells need food in a
very simple form.
When you eat or drink, much of the food is broken down into a
simple sugar called "glucose." Then, glucose is transported
through the bloodstream to these cells where it can be used to
provide the energy the body needs for daily activities
The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated
by insulin and other hormones. Insulin is always being
released in small amounts by the pancreas. When the
amount of glucose in the blood rises to a certain level, the
pancreas will release more insulin to push more glucose into
the cells.
When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't
make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as
well as it should.
This causes sugar to build
up in your blood.
Pathogenesis
Types of diabetes
1. Type 1 diabetes (5% to 10 % of all diagnosed cases of
diabetes).
2. Type 2 diabetes (90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of
diabetes).
3. Gestational Diabetes (2% to 10% of all pregnancies ).
What is pre-diabetes?
Fasting glucose ranges
Pre-diabetes is when the amount of glucose in your blood is above normal yet not high enough to be called diabetes
With pre-diabetes, your chances of getting type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke are higher.
With some weight loss and moderate physical activity, you can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes.
Stress and being ill (such as with severe flu) or having an
infection.
Not getting enough insulin. Overeating. Pregnancy.
General causes of diabetes:
Taking medicines that can raise
blood sugar levels, such as those
for sleep, some decongestants, and
corticosteroids (such as
prednisone).
Adolescence, because of hormone changes and rapid growth.
General Symptoms of diabetes:
Frequent urination
More infections than usual.
Tingling or numbness in hands or
feet
Sores that are slow to heal
Sudden vision changes Extreme hunger Feeling tired much
of the time