PDHPE Assessment Task 4

DIABETES

Emma FitzgeraldMr Zakris

1. Explain the nature of the medical condition

• Diabetes can be broken into two separate forms:

• Type One Diabetes (or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)

• Type Two Diabetes (or non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus)

Insulin pumps used for administrating insulin to

people with type one diabetes

The healthy eating pyramid which people with type 2 diabetes should follow to help achieve a balanced

diet.

Type One Diabetes

• Types one diabetes is usually a genetic condition developed as an early child.

• It is an insulin dependent diabetes.

• When a person suffers type on diabetes the pancreas looses the ability to produce insulin and therefore the person must inject insulin manually into their body regularly in order to stay alive, either by pump or insulin injections.

The way the insulin pump is used.

• When the pancreas does not produce insulin, a person may develop two types of conditions:

• Hypoglycaemia- too little sugar in the blood which leads to the blood sugar level being below the average level of:

-4 to 7mmol/l before meals. -<10mmol/l one to two hours after meals. -About 8mmol/l at night time.

• Hyperglycaemia-too much sugar in the blood which leads to high blood sugar levels. A blood sugar reading of 15-20mmol/L or more is considered a ‘high’ (too much sugar in the blood)

• Type One Diabetes can only be controlled by insulin injections.

Cont…

An extremely low reading

Type Two Diabetes• Type two diabetes frequently occurs later in life (often people aged 30 and over).

• Again, the pancreas is not producing insulin for the body’s blood sugar levels. It can be prevented or controlled by a healthy lifestyle such as eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly to lose weight.

2.Indentify the signs and symptoms associated with

the condition. SIGNS of Type One Diabetes:

•Nausea/vomiting

•Rapid breathing

•Fruity breath odour

•Shallow breathing

•Skin cold pale and moist

•Rapid pulse

• SYMPOTOMS of Type One Diabetes:

Frequent passing of Urine

Increased thirst

Weight Loss Tiredn

ess

Mood changesLight headed/dizzinessExcessive

hunger with no weight gain

•Recognition of a person who is:Hypoglycaemia Hyperglycaemia

Weak, light headed or dizzy

Drowsiness

Confused, disoriented

Thirst

May appear drunk Breath smells like nail polish remover

May be aggressive

Increased urine output

Skin may be cold, pale and moist

Reduced level of consciousness

Rapid pulse

Shallowing breathing

Reduced level of consciousness

• SYMPTOMS of Type two Diabetes:

Increased urination

Fatigue

Increased Thirst

Blurred Vision

More frequent infections

Sores that don’t heal

Numbness

Dry Itchy Skin

3.Apply current Management techniques for the

condition• Type One Diabetes:

• If the casualty is suffering a ‘LOW’ from not having enough sugar in the blood (hypoglycaemia) the techniques

include:

• IF UNCONSCIOUS:1. Check for DANGER to yourself, the

casualty and any bystanders.2. Check for a response by using the COWS

method.3. Roll the casualty into the recovery

position and check and clear the airway.

1. Lie the victim back onto their back and check if they are breathing by the look, listen and feel method.

2. If they are breathing place them in the recovery position and call an ambulance. Monitor their breathing and level of consciousness until the ambulance comes.

3. If they are NOT breathing- give them two rescue breaths and begin compressions at a rate of 2 breaths to every 30 compressions.

4. Use deliberator if available and call an ambulance.

• IF CONSCIOUS:1. Check for DANGER to yourself, the casualty and any

bystanders.2. Give the casualty sweet food or drink (not

diabetic, diet or sugar free drinks) to quickly raise their

blood sugar level. 3. Call OOO for an ambulance.4. Keep providing the sweets every fifteen minutes or until medical aid arrives.

Cont…

• If the casualty is suffering a ‘HIGH’ from having too much sugar in the blood

(hyperglycaemia) the techniques include:

• IF UNCONSCIOUS:1. Check for DANGER to yourself, the casualty and any

bystanders.2. Lie the casualty in the recovery position and check

clear airway (if necessary).3. Lie the casualty back on their back and check if

they are breathing by the look, listen and feel method.

4. If they are breathing place them in the recovery position and call an ambulance. Monitor their breathing and level of consciousness until the ambulance comes.

5. If they are NOT breathing- give them two rescue breaths and begin compressions at a rate of 2 breaths to every 30 compressions.

6. Use deliberator is available and call an ambulance.

Cont…

• IF CONSCIOUS:1. Check for DANGER to yourself, the

casualty and any bystanders.2. Do NOT give them any sweet food or drink

.3. Allow the victim to administer their

insulin and only assist if required.4. Call OOO5. Monitor them and if required give them

water to drink.

Cont…

• Management techniques for : Type Two Diabetes:

The management techniques and prevention of Type 2 Diabetes can include:

• Eating a balanced diet- this includes eating plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, lean meats, chicken, whole grain breads and low fat dairy products. The meals eaten need to meet the calorie level of their physical activity levels. Food should be distributed throughout the day in small portions. Carbohydrate counting is a appropriate method of dietary control.

• Participating in regular exercise- exercise

helps process glucose. It also decreases the amount of body fat making it easier on the heart and easier to breathe.It also, lowers blood glucose levels.

Cont…

• Taking oral medications- these help the body to produce more insulin. Some also control the level of glucose in the body. Some of these include:

-Sulfonylureas-Biguanides-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors-Thiazolindinediones-Meglitinides

Cont…

5. Bibliography1. Able Publishing (2007) Option: First Aid Melbourne:

Australia2. (Royal Life Saving) Lippmann, J and Natoli, D (2006) “First

Aid “ Ashburton: Victoria3. Ambler, G et al. (ed) (2001) “Caring for Diabetes in

Children and Adolescents A parents manual second edition” Sydney

4. St Johns Ambulance Australia (2008) “Diabetic Emergency” (online) http://www.stjohn.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=34 Retrieved:15-08-08

5. First Aid training (2004) “Diabetes” (online) http://www.firstaidtraining.org.uk/diabetes.htm Retrieved: 015-08-08

6. Guthrie W, D et al. (2003) “The Diabetes Source Book” McGraw-Hill United States

7. Heltzel, P (2003) “Health basics: Diabetes” Barnes & Noble United States

8. Netdoctor (2008) “Type two diabetes” (online) http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/diabetesnoninsulindependent.htm Retrieved: 01-09-08