Common cattle diseases

Common diseases of cattle - in pathology view (in India)

Dr.Pavulraj. SM.V.Sc., Scholar(NRCE)Division of Pathology

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly,

U.P., India

1Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

List of common diseasesBacterial diseases• Tuberculosis• Paratuberculosis• Brucellosis • Hemorrhagic septicemia• Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitisViral diseases• Foot and mouth diseases• Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis• RinderpestHaemoprotozoan disease• Theileriosis Parasitic disease• Fascioliasis


Tuberculosis

• Chronic bacterial disease of animal • Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,

M.bovis• Characterized by presence of tubercle nodules

in lungs, spleen, lymphnodes


Granuloma in the lungs


Consolidation of lung


Tuberculous granuloma in the mediastinal lymph node


Nodules of tubercle present in lung containing cheesy mass


Granulomatous lesion in LN, liver, intestine


Spleen- Caseous nodules on the surface


TB- Nodules on the diaphragm, liver and spleen


Tubercle in pleura, masentry, peritoneum – pearl’s disease


Uterus -Endometrium contains numerous raised tubercles


TB- Mastitis and granuloma in the bone marrow


Differential diagnosis

• Lung abscesses • Pleurisy and pericarditis - traumatic reticulitis • Contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia


Paratuberculosis

• A chronic bacterial disease of bovine, ovine and caprine

• Caused by Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis

• Characterized by dehydration, emaciation, chronic diarrrhoea and thickening of intestine - corrugations


Emaciation and cachexia


Mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged


Thickened, edematous ileum and distended lymphatics on the serosal surface

18Dr.Pavulraj.S, (copy right protected) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Thickening of intestine wall


Presence of corrugations


Corrugations can’t be removed even after stretching of intestine wall – look like brain



• Parasitism• Malnutrition


Brucellosis

• It is a infectious bacterial disease of animals• Characterized by abortion in late gestation and

formation of granulomatous lesions in genital organs, joints, fetal liver and indurations of mammary glands

• Caused by Brucella abortus in cattle


Necrosis of cotyledons

yellowish granular necrotic areas in cotyledons and chorion is opaque and thickened with a leathery consistency. Called leathery placenta.

Edematous placenta


Edema of fetus, serosanguinous fluid in body cavities


Pneumonia and necrotic foci in liver of fetus


Enlarged scrotum in males


Orchitis


Hygroma



• IBR• Vibriosis• Leptospirosis• Trichomoniasis• Nutritional and physiological causes


Hemorrhagic septicemia

• Highly contagious bacterial disease of bovine• Characterized by edematous swelling in neck

region, pneumonia and wide spread of hemorrhage in visceral organs

• Caused by Pasteurella multocida


Edema of neck and brisket region


Subcutaneous edema


Serosanguinous fluid in peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavity

Serosanguinous fluid in pericardial cavity


Epicardial hemorrhages


HS- Petechial on the Heart and Lung


Pneumonia


Lungs – congested and consolidated – marbling

- Fibrinous bronchopneumonia38Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,

Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

HS- Hemorrhage on the serosal surface


Hemorrhagic gastro-enteritis


HS- Chronic cases- Necrotic patch on the liver


Hemorrhage - Brain



• Anthrax • Blackleg • Acute leptospirosis• Rinderpest


Foot and mouth

• It is a contagious viral disease of cloven footed animals

• Caused by Picorna virus• Characterized by presence of vesicles in oral

mucosa and foot


FMD: Mouth lesions


Ruptured vesicle in gum


http://www.fao.org/ag/AGA/AGAH/EMPRES/GEMP/resources/500/fmd-ml-FMD1a_jpg.jpg

Vesicles causing extensive erosion in mouth


http://www.fao.org/ag/AGA/AGAH/EMPRES/GEMP/resources/500/fmd-ml-FMD6_jpg.jpg

http://www.fao.org/ag/AGA/AGAH/EMPRES/GEMP/resources/500/fmd-ml-Fmd29_jpg.jpg

Infected FMD lesion - tongue


http://www.fao.org/ag/AGA/AGAH/EMPRES/GEMP/resources/500/fmd-ml-FMD4_jpg.jpg

Ulceration of tongue



Rupture of vesicle leading to necrotic area in feet



Vesicle on teat



Ruptured vesicle in the teat


Erosions on the ruminal mucosa


Tigroid appearance - Degeneration and necrosis in myocardium



• Vesicular stomatitis• Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis• Malignant catarrhal fever• Bovine viral diarrhea• Rinderpest


Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis

• Infectious viral disease of cattle• Caused by Herpes virus• Characterized by conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic

tracheitis, encephalitis in calves and abortion and mastitis in cows


Congested mucus membrane


Purulent oculo-nasal discharge


Necrotic white plaques in nasal mucosaNecrotic plaques on the mucosa and

mucocutaneous junction


Multifocal white plaques - palpebral conjunctiva


Hemorrhagic laryngotracheitis


Rhinotracheitis, mucopurulent exudate in trachea

Nasal septum necrosis


Pustules in vulva/vagina, glans penis and prepuce


Necrotic lesion in liver of aborted fetus



• Shipping Fever • Malignant Catarrhal Fever • Pinkeye • Mucosal Disease


Rinderpest

• Is a acute contagious viral disease caused by Morbilli virus

• Characterized by erosive mouth lesions and hemorrhagic enteritis

• Has been eradicated from India (25 -06-2006)


• Salivation: excessive & frothy

• Serous oculonasal discharge


Conjunctivitis


Necrosis and erosion of the gum above the dental pad and inside the upper lip


Erosions in the inside of the upper lip


Ulcer on lower lip


Necrotic Peyer's patches


Rectum - Hyperemia of the longitudinal folds (zebra striping)


Zebra marking in large intestine

Some time petechial hemorrhage in bladder, vagina and other mucous membrane 74Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,

Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023


• Mucosal disease• Malignant catarrhal fever• Foot and mouth disease


Theileriosis

• Infectious disease of animal caused by haemoprotozoan parasite

• Characterized by enlargement of lymph nodes, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage in kidneys and liver, ulcers in abomasum and catarrhal enteritis

• Etiology – Theileria annulata


Lymph node enlargement


Enlarged and hemorrhagic lymph nodes


Abomasal ulcers


Swollen edematous lungs & interstitial pneumonia


Other lesions

• Enlarged and mottled liver • Infarcts, thrombosis and lymphoid

hypertrophy in spleen • Hemorrhagic and ulcerative enteritis



• Hemorrhagic septicemia• Babesiosis • Malignant catarrhal fever


Fascioliasis

• Fascioliasis is caused by different liver flukes(Trematode)

• Etiology – Fasciola gigantica – Fasciola hepatica – Fasciola magna - one of the largest of flukes


• Emaciated, anemic or edematous carcass in severe chronic infestations

• Presence of flukes in enlarged and thickened bile ducts and in the liver parenchyma

• Hepatic abscesses and secondary bacterial infection

• Calcification of bile ducts • Hemorrhagic tracts of migratory immature flukes

in the liver and some time lungs in an acute infestation

• Icterus due to liver damage


Submandibular edema


Flukes in bile ducts and liver parenchyma


Thickening of bile duct


Young fluke of Fasciola magna


Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitis

• Infectious disease of newborn animal• Infection start at umbilicus and spread to joints• Characterized by swelling of umblilicus & joints

and drainage of pus• Caused by– E.coli– Staphylococcus sp.,– Actinomyces pyogenes


• Seen in colostrum denied young calves• Infection of umbilicus lead to omphalitis &

cystitis• Bacterial infection produce bacteremia and

infect joints leading to arthritis• Abscess formation and congestion of visceral

organs


Swelling of umbilicus


Swelling of the joints

Septic arthritis involving the distal limb, fetlocks and pastern joints in all limbs


Discharge of pus from the joints

Large fibrin clots in the carpal joint Edematous, hyperemicsynovial membrane


Liver abscess


Grey foci in renal cortex and hemorrhage in medulla



• Hematoma – contain blood• Umbilical hernia – hernial ring, sac, contents• Patent urachus – retention of urine


Wednesday, May 3, 2023 Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), India 97

Thank youFor your kind attention and

reading. Be the best and proud to be a ‘Great

Veterinarian’

References

• Color atlas of diseases and disorders of cattle -Roger W.Blowey• Rebhun’s Disease of dairy cattle -Thomas J.Divers • Veterinary pathology -RS Chauhan• http://compepid.tuskegee.edu• http://www.fao.org


http://compepid.tuskegee.edu/

http://www.fao.org/

Health & Medicine

Common cattle diseases