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Chapter 22
Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System
Structure and function of the nervous system
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Blood-brain barrier
Bacterial diseases of the nervous system
• Meningitis
Bacterial diseases of the nervous system
• Meningitis– Haemophilus influenza– Neisseria sp.– Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacterial diseases of the nervous system
• Meningitis
• Listeriosis
• Tetanus– Clostridium tetani– Neurotoxin blocks relaxation signal to muscle– Prevent with tetanus toxoid– Treat symptoms with antitoxin
Bacterial diseases of the nervous system
• Meningitis
• Listeriosis
• Tetanus
• Botulism– Clostridium botulinum– Neurotoxin blocks release of acetylcholine– Infant botulism– Wound botulism
Bacterial diseases of the nervous system
• Meningitis
• Listeriosis
• Tetanus
• Botulism
• Leprosy– Mycobacterium leprae
Viral diseases of the nervous system
• Polio– Higher incidence in summer– Virus has high affinity for motor nerves– Salk vaccine in 1954– Sabin vaccine in 1963
Viral diseases of the nervous system
• Polio
• Rabies– Virus multiplies in PNS and migrates to CNS– Long incubation period– Furious rabies– Paralytic rabies– Prevention
• Vaccination
Viral diseases of the nervous system
• Polio
• Rabies
• Arboviral encephalitis– Transmitted by mosquitoes– Disease can result in permanent neurological
damage– Prevent by controlling vectors
Prion diseases of the nervous system
• Sheep scrapie
• Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
• Bovine spongioform encephalopathy
