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Hari Prasad Kafle Program Coordinator (Public Health) Pokhara University
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Hari Prasad Kafle, MPH
Pokhara University
Public HealthThe “Big Picture”
What is Public Health?
The sum of all official or
governmental efforts to promote, protect,
and preserve the people’s health.
Public Health
“The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort.”
-CEA Winslow, 1920
“The process of mobilizing and engaging local, state, national, and international resources to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy”
-The Oxford Textbook of Public Health
Public Health
“The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of the community, as by preventive medicine, health education, control of communicable diseases, application of sanitary measures, and monitoring of environmental hazards.” -The American Heritage Dictionary of Public Health
Public Health
“Public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.”
-Source: Institute of Medicine Report (IOM). THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC
HEALTH. Washington DC: National Academy Press. 1988.
Public Health is many things
A System
A Profession
A Method
Government Service
The Health of the Public
Public Health Approach
Public Health
Model
Medical
Model
Versus
Public Health Approach
Public Health ModelPopulationDisease PreventionHealth PromotionInterventions
Environment Human behavior
Government (Some private)
Medical ModelIndividualDiagnosisTreatmentIntervention
Medical carePrivate (Some public)
11
What physician sees?
What the physician does not see ?
Core Functions of Public Health
Core Activities of Public Health
1. Prevents epidemics and the spread of disease
2. Protects against environmental hazards
3. Responds to disasters and assists communities in recovery
4. Prevents injuries
5. Promotes healthy behaviors
6. Assures the quality, accessibility and accountability of health services
7. Monitoring the health status of the population
8. Mobilizing community action
9. Reaching out to link high-risk and hard-to-reach people to needed services
10. Researching to develop new insights and innovative solutions
11. Leading the development of sound health policy and planning
Core Activities of Public Health
Ten Great Public Health Achievements
VaccinationMotor-vehicle safetySafer workplacesControl of infectious
diseasesDecline in deaths from
coronary heart disease and stroke
Safer and healthier foods
Healthier mothers and babies
Family planningFluoridation of drinking
waterRecognition of tobacco
use as a health hazardCDC, 1999
Public Health Problems and Diseases Communicable diseases Non communicable diseasesEnvironmental pollutionMaternal child health
problemsMalnutrition and
micronutrient deficiency Municipal and hospital
wasteGeriatric health problemsOverpopulation
Measles InfluenzaPoliomyelitis Tuberculosis Cholera Dengue MalariaHIV/AIDSObesity Cancer Diabetes
Public Health Organizations
Non Governmental National
NFHPFPANNepal Red CrossPLAN Nepal
InternationalCAREUnited Mission to NepalSave the ChildrenMarie Stopes InternationalFamily Health International
• United Nation
• WHO
• WFP
• FAO
• UNICEF
• UNDP
Public Health Organizations Governmental
District health office Public health office Regional health directorate Regional training center Department of health services Ministry of health and
population Primary health care institutions
Others Academic institutions Research organizations Community development
organizations Quality control offices Health training centers Local development offices
A Sampling of Public Health Professions
Population, Family Planning & Reproductive Health
Maternal Child health Public Health Education and Health
PromotionCommunity health planning and
policy developmentPublic health administrationEpidemiology and disease control Alcohol, tobacco and other drugsEnvironmental & occupational health
and safety Food and nutrition
Gerontological healthHIV AIDS Injury control and emergency
health Services International HealthMental HealthOral HealthPublic Health NursingSchool Health Education and
ServicesWomen’s health and gender
development
Thank You!
“Healthy People in Healthy Community.”