Breast Cancer

introductionDEFINITION

It is a type of cancer that

forms in tissues of the

breast, usually the ducts

(tubes that carry milk to

the nipple) and lobules

(glands that make milk).

It can occur in men and

women, although male

breast cancer is rare.

Breast cancer, the second-leading

cause of cancer deaths in

women, is the disease women

fear most .

Breast cancer can also occur in

men, but it's far less common .

Yet there's more reason for

optimism than ever before .

In the last 30 years, doctors have

made great strides in early

diagnosis and treatment of the

disease and in reducing breast

cancer deaths .

IT’S The most type of cancer that causes death in the western countries that Affects about half a million Of women yearly world wide.

Disease arises in a women out of every 12 women .

Types of breast cancers

There are several types of

breast cancer, but some

of them are quite rare .

In some cases a single

breast tumor can be a

combination of these

: Ductal carcinoma in situDuctal carcinoma in situ . DCIS is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer. DCIS means that the cancer cells are inside the ducts but have not spread through the walls of the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue.

: Invasive (or infiltrating) ductal carcinoma

This is the most common type of breast cancer. (IDC) starts in a milk duct of the breast, breaks through the wall of the duct, and grows into the fatty tissue of the breast.

Invasive (or infiltrating) lobular carcinoma

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) starts in the milk-producing glands (lobules). Like IDC,it can spread to other parts of the body.

Less common types of breast cancerInflammatory breast cancer :

This uncommon type of invasive breast cancer accounts for about 1% to 3% of all breast cancers. Usually there is no single lump or tumor. Instead, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) makes the skin on the breast look red and feel warm.

CAUSES (RISK FACTORS)

GENDER

genetical

Obesity

AGING

GenderSimply being a woman , is the main risk factor for developing breast cancer .

only (1) in every 150 cases their is (MALE) who get breast cancer.

geneticAbout 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases are thought to be Inherited gene from a close blood relatives who have had this disease

Obesity Being overweight or

obese May increase your chance to get breast cancer

AgingThe chance of getting breast cancer goes up as a woman gets older.

Over 80% of all female breast cancers occur among women aged .50+ years

Another Risk factorwomen who have had no children or who had their first child after age 30 have a slightly higher breast cancer risk .

Certain kinds of birth control.

.Not breastfeedingSmoking may increase the risk of breast cancer.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER

A lump in a breast

An area of thickened tissue in a breast

One of the nipples has a discharge sometimes .it may contain blood

The nipple changes in appearance it may become sunken or inverted.

A pain in the armpits or breast that does not seem to be related to the woman's menstrual period.

redness of the skin of the breast; like the skin of an orange.

A rash around (or on) one of the .nipples

The nipple-skin or breast-skin may have started to peel, scale or flake.

Diagnosis

MAMMOGRAMS

BREAST ULTRASOUND

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

BIOPSY

STAGINING

Stage 0: non-invasive breast cancers, such as DCIS.

Stage 1 and 2: quite small breast cancers that have

spread only to the lymph nodes, if at all.

Stage 3: breast cancers that are often larger and

have spread to the lymph nodes or surrounding

tissues.

Stage 4: breast cancers that have spread to other

areas of the body (secondary breast cancers)

SURVIVAL RATES

TREATMENTCHEMOTHERAPY

RADIOTHERAPY

SURGERY

HORMONETHERPY

SurgerySurgery is often the first treatment for most peoplewith breast cancer. There are two main aims ofsurgery: to remove the cancerous tissue in yourbreast and to find out if lymph nodes in your armpit

(axilla )have been affected and, if so, to removethem

RadiotherapyRadiotherapy treatment with radiation is usually

given after surgery. It aims to destroy any cancer

cells remaining after surgery. Having radiotherapy

after surgery for early breast cancer has been

shown to reduce the likelihood that the cancer will come back

ChemotherapyChemotherapy is treatment with one or more anticancer

(cytotoxic )drugs. It aims to prevent thebreast cancer spreading or coming back. Havingchemotherapy makes it less likely that your breastcancer will come back in the future.

HORMONE THERAPYHormones are naturally occurring substances thatcontrol the growth and activity of cells in the body.The female hormones oestrogen and progesteroneare essential for normal sexual development, the functioning of female reproductive organs and help to maintain healthy bones and heart. However, they can also promote the growth of some breast cancers.Around three out of four breast cancers are sensitive to hormones in this way

THANK YOUZAINAB ZAHRAA GHADA