BLADDER CANCER By Krishneil and Deepti

Period 1

Definition

• Begins with cells of bladder

• starts with inner lining of bladder malignant tumour

Types

• Superficial bladder cancer : when cancer only effects the inner lining

• Invasive bladder cancer : when cancer spreads to the muscle walls

Causes/Risks

• Smoking

• Workplace exposure such as making rubber, leather, and / or being apart of the dye industry

• Race and ethnicity

• Bladder birth defects

Bladder cancer statistics • 5th most common diagnosed cancer in Canada (not including skin

cancer)

• 7,900 will be diagnosed • 2,100 will die from bladder cancer • 5,900 men will be diagnosed with bladder

cancer and 1,500 will die from it

• 2,000 women will be diagnosed with bladder cancer and 630 will die from it

How many Canadians get this disease

• More than 95% new cases were found in individuals over 45 years of age especially in the 65-74 age range in both genders

• Incidents increased reaching a maximum of 313 cases per 100,000 millions population in males and 81 in females in those over 85 years old

Bladder cancer symptoms / signs

• Hematuria :blood in urine

• Frequent urination

• Inability to urinate

• Burning / pain during urination

• Bladder spasms

• LATER SIGNS... Loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, lump in pelvis , swelling in legs

Bladder cancer treatments

• Surgery: remove the tumour

• Biological therapy: treat superficial tumours

• Chemotherapy: used when other treatments don't work

• Radiation therapy: external beam radiation

SURGICAL TREATMENTS

• TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION (TUR)

• Tumour removed through cystoscope

• Tumour bed is burned by high energy electricity using a heat or a laser

Continued...

• SEGMENTAL CYSTECTOMY

• remover of tumour and part of bladder

CONTINUED....

• RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

• removal of entire bladder

• In men, prostrate and urethra removed

• In women , uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed

Continued

• RECONSTRUCTIVE ( URINARY DIVERSION )

• if tumour cannot be removed the diversion can be created by relieving blocked urine flow

Bibliography

• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bladder_cancer

• canadiantaskforce.ca (chapter 68: screening of bladder cancer

• www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/overview

• www.medicienenet.com/bladder_cancer/article