Presented by :

1. Sarah salah khalil

2. Ramajmohamedelfeki

3. Rana mohieldeinmotawe'

4. zahraa Abd_Allah Ali

5. sara mosaad Mahmoud

6. salma hatemmohammed

7. samar Samir eissa

Access cavity

Cleaning and shaping

Obturation

The root canal system must be :

Cleaning of its organic remnants.

Shaping to receive a three dimensional

filling of root canal space.

The canal is

Cleansed primarily by irrigation

Shaped primarily by instrumentation

Create a continuous taper with the

narrowest part apically and the widest

part coronal.

By instruments.

According to material of construction

According to power source

According to method of manufacturing

ISO classification

Carbon

steel

Stainless

steel

Ni-Ti Diamond

Advantage •Hardness

than St-St

•Corrosion

resistance

•Shape

memory

•Super

elastic

•Corrosion

resistance

Disadvantage •Corrosion

•Can’t

resterilized

•Brittle

•Prone to

fracture

•Stiff in

nature

•Permanent

distortion

•Less cutting

efficiency

•No sign of

fatigue

before

fracture

Example Barbed

broach

H-file , K-file,

reamer

Ni-Ti hand

file ,profile,

protaper

Sonic &

ultrasonic

HAND Driven :

Engine Driven :rotary & vibratory

Counter clock wise twisting

Machine grinding

GROUP I- Hand use only , files

GROUP II- low speed instrument latch

type drill , Gates-Glidden

GROUP III- Engine driven latch type

same as group I

1. Standardization of length of cutting blade :

The length of cutting blade =

The full length of instrument (L) =

2. Standardization of Diameter :

Diameter at D16 is

Uniformly greater

Than D0 = D0D16

3. Standardization of numbering system:

The number indicates the diameter at

the tip in hundredth of mm

File size #15, D0 =15/100 =0.15mm

4. Standardization of taper : Taper : the amount the file diameter increases

each mm along its cutting blade.

Taper = Diameter/Length

=0.32/16=0.02mm diameter /mm length

D12 =0.15+(.02*12)=0.39mm

5. Standardization of tip angle:

the tip angle 75+/- 15

6. Standardization of color coding

Color Size Tip (mm)at D0 at D16

Pink

Grey

Purple

06

08

10

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.38

0.40

0.42

White

Yellow

Red

Blue

Green

Black

15

20

25

30

35

40

0.15

0.20

0,25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.47

0.52

0.57

0.62

0.67

0.72

White

Yellow

Red

Blue

Green

Black

45

50

55

60

70

80

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.70

0.80

0,77

0.82

0.87

0,92

1.02

1,12

White

Yellow

Red

Blue

Green

Black

90

100

110

120

130

140

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1,30

1.40

1.22

1.32

1.42

1.52

1.62

1,72

#6-#10 =.02mm

#10-#60=.05mm

#60-#140=.1mm

A. Basic instrument :

Broach and rasps (rat –tail file / R-file)

Reamer

Files

B. Hybrid instrument

Expiration pulp tissue.

Remove cotton or point paper lodge in canal.

Broach Rasps

Barb are fine and longer Barb are blunt and

shorter

Method of fabrication : counter clock wise twisting

Material of manufacture : stainless steel

Cross-section :

Motions : Ream (insertion , full turn and

withdraw)

Uses preparation round canal

Method of fabrication : counter clock wise twisting

Material of manufacture : stainless steel

Cross-section :

Motions :

1. Ream (insertion , full turn and

withdraw)

2. Filing (push and pull

3. Quarter turn and pull

Method of fabrication : machine grinding

Material of manufacture : stainless steel

Cross-section : coma shape

Motions :

1. Filing (push and pull

I. Modification in instrument design:

1. Modification in the cross-section.

2. Modification in depth and angle of cutting blade.

3. Modification in taper.

4. Modification in tip design.

5. Modification in length of the cutting blade.

II. Modification in material of manufacturing.

III.Modification in method of manufacturing.

IV.Modification in numbering system

1. Modification in the cross-section.

K-file modification

Flex-0-file & Flex –R-file

Flexibility and cutting

Efficiency.

Apply light force

K-flex-file

Flexibility and cutting

Efficiency

Debris removal

H-file modification

Unifile & S-file Heli-file

2.Modification in taper.

• All Ni-Ti has taper greater than ISO taper

(0.02) range from (0.04 to 0.12).

• To increase coronal flaring.

• ProTaper.

3.Modification in tip design.

Non-cutting tip ,less transportation

5. Modification in length of the cutting

blade

Reduction cutting blade from 16mm to

2.5-4mm.

Canal master It has U-shaped design, which keeps the instrument

centralized within the canal and reduce tendency of the

instrument to screw-in.

A noncutting smooth shaft.

A noncutting pilot tip, that allows the instrument remains within the lumen of the canal, thus avoid transportation.

Nickel-titanium

2-3 times flexible than stainless steel instruments

super elasticity

k-file modifications: Ultra file

H-file modification : Hyflex

K-file modifications :

Machine grinded

1- flex-o-file and flex-R-file

2-Ni-Ti fffiles

H-file modifications :

Safety headstrom file

The D0 diameter progressively increased by

0.02 mm for ISO sizes 6-10.

0.05 mm for sizes 10-60.

0.10 mm for sizes 60-140.

This means that, the D0 diameter not has a constant percentage change from one instrument size to another.

To reduce the large percentage change between the smaller-sized files:

Golden Mediums (12-37) #10 =0.1mm #12=0.12mm #15=0.15mm

The ProFile Series 29 These instruments are based on a constant percentage

change 29.17% at D0

Gates-Glidden drills

They have long thin shaft with a flame-shaped cutting head (one spiral).

They are side cutting instruments with safety tips.

They are available in 6 sizes from .1-6 (# 50-150). Number of rings on the shank identifies the specific drill size.

They are made of either St St or Ni-Ti (Flexogates).

They are designed to break high on the shaft if excessive resistances encountered, allows the clinician to remove the fragment easily.

Uses:

1. Preenlarging the coronal. 2/3.of the root canal;

2. Opening of the canal orifice.

3. Removal of Gutta-percha.

•They have long thin

shaft with a flame-

shaped cutting head

(two spiral).

•They are side cutting

instruments with safety

tips.

•They are available in 6

sizes from .1-6 (# 70-170).

Number of rings on the

shank identifies the

specific drill size.

NaOCl

EDTA and CITRIC ACID (CA)

CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE (CHX)

MTAD (Mixture of Tetracycline isomer,

Acid, and Detergent)

Manual :1) Syringe irrigation with needles/ cannulas (end/side vent)2) Brushes MACHINE ASSISTED1) Rotary brushes

2) Continuous irrigation during rotary instrumentatin (Quantec-E) 3) Sonic4) Ultrasonic5) Pressure alternating devices : EndoVac Rinse Endo6) Recent advance system Lasers Light activated disinfection (LAD) Electrochemically activated water (ECA) Oxidative potential water (OPW)

I. Syringe irrigation with needles/ cannula: Different sizes (1-20 ml) Modifications of tip of the needles

A. BivelledB. Monoject

C. Safe ended Modifications of needles

A) Bending the tip B) Flexiglide needle AdvantagesA) 27-31 gauge recommended B) Should not bind in the canalC) Easily controlled DisadvantagesA) Not enough flushing action B) Deliver solution only 1 mm

deeper than the tip of the needle