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History of Treatment of Mental Illnesses is interesting. Concept of Split Brain function is thought provoking. Brain testing is enjoyable experience
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STORY TIME18th Oct
Brainib6aD
Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802 –1887)
• Dorothea Dix – American activist - Superintendent of Army Nurses.
• Opened first Lunatic Asylum for the mentally ill
• Trenton, New Jersey, 1848
WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY - 10 October
• She suffered debilitating mental breakdowns
• Eventually admitted to the same Hospital
Therapy for Mental Illness
• Jules Wagner-Jauregg (University of Vienna)• Observation - Mental symptoms disappeared
in mental patients ill with Fever• He injected malarial blood into mentally ill
patients to induce fever• Fever - therapy was dangerous• No effective Malaria Rx• Killing about 15% of patients• So it was abandoned• Received the Nobel Prize in 1927
Phineas Gage 1823 - 1860
• American railroad construction foreman - Blaster • 1848 - Rock blasting accident with a large iron rod
3 feet 7 inches long and 3.2cm diameter, 6kg • Pierced through his head, destroying his brain• He was conscious and able to walk within minutes
of the accident. Taken to Hospital
Phineas Gage 1823 - 1860
• Operated for removal of bone pieces and part of the brain
• Comatose for 14 days• Miraculously recovered • Personality changed after brain injury
The Transformation
• Before – Hard working responsible • He was favorite, efficient, capable• After – Mind changed, vulgar, indecent• Psychopath – Aggressive and violent,
drinking, lying, brawling, Unacceptable • Died due to Status Epilepticus • 12 yrs after his injury• This case gave newer approaches for
treatment of Mental Illnesses
Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955
• Portuguese Neurologist • First Cerebral angiography - 1927 • 1935 – First lobotomy of Frontal Lobe• To change the mindset of violent patients• 20 patients who had suffered from anxiety,
depression, schizophrenia.• Used crude hammer and chisel
Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955
• Drilled holes in the skull on both sides• Injected alcohol to destroy nerve fibers• Leucotome – Extend a metal loop inside to cut
the brain parts• Tried on Murder Convicts of the prison• Shot by one of his patients in spine• He became paraplegic - on wheelchair
Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955
First Portuguese - Nobel Prize in 1949
Dr. Walter J Freeman 1895 - 1972
• American Physician, Neurologist • Yale university (Not a Surgeon)• Lobotomy to disconnect Thalamus
(Emotional Brain) from the Frontal lobe – (Thinking brain)
• To calm patients emotions and stabilize their personalities without changing their intelligence and motor functions.
• Trans-orbital approach
The Trans-orbital approach
• Ice Pick Lobotomy – Transorbital• Electro-convulsive shock before surgery• To reach the frontal lobe through the tear ducts. • The Ice-pick would then be scrambled from side
to side in order to damage the frontal lobe
Transorbital lobotomy
• Blind dissection of the brain• Lobotomobile – Operation Van • High Mortality and Morbidity• Done in 10 minutes, anywhere, without
anaesthesia, without asepsis and without the assistance of a surgeon.
• Despite a 14 per cent fatality rate, Freeman performed 3,439 lobotomies.
• Total 40000 done in US.
Rosemary Kennedy
• Sister of President John F Kennedy, 23 yrs • Violent Mood swings and rebellious. • Erratic behavior in convent school• Considered psychologically unstable by her family • 1941 - Lobotomy done by Dr. Freeman to calm her • She was conscious during the procedure• They asked her to recite National anthem• Continued till she stopped responding• There was a big mistake….
Fate of Rosemary Kennedy
• She Became vegetative• Poor Brain functions like an infant• Unable to speak or walk• Lived in Psychiatric hospital• Died at 86 yrs in same status • Eunice Kennedy became an activist
in the field of mental retardation. • She founded the Special Olympics
for mentally disabled athletes
Lobotomies were banned after the death of a patient of Dr. Freeman due to brain Haemorrhage - 1967
Charles Whitman 1941 -1966
• Charles Whitman, 25yrs, US Marine corps and Engineering student
• Stayed away from his father (Rude)• Loved his mother and wife• Good Student of Marine services• Noticed Sudden change in his behavior,
consulted five Psychiatrists• ‘I have been a victim of many unusual
and irrational thoughts’• He was consuming large doses of
Dexdrine – Amphetamine
The Unexpected fate…
• 1st Aug 1966 - Killed his mother and wife in sleep by stabbing them
• He wrote letters beside his mother and wife after killing them.
• He mentioned – ‘He loved them, and wanted them to be safe in heaven’
• Then he went to the Texas University
Texas University Shootout Case
• Went to top of Texas University• Killed 3 people on the way• Fired at innocent people for 96min, killing 14
people and injuring 32.• He was shot dead by the police
Brain ib6aD
• He had requested for autopsy after his death to find out reason of his headaches and moods.
• There was a Frontal lobe tumor, Astrocytoma pressing on the amagdala
• It could have contributed to his inability to control his emotions and actions.
• Excess of Dexdrine
MALASIAN FLIGHT 370
SUICIDES MURDERS
CRIMINALS
ANTISOCIALS
TERRORISTS
SPLIT – BRAIN
• Roger W. Sperry, Neuropsychologist • Nobel Prize in 1981• “Split-Brain” studies on cats • Different functions of Left and Right Brain• Both sides are involved in each function
differently• One side may dominate other• Personality change with Rt or Lt ?
TEST MY BRAIN
TEST MY BRAIN
START THE TEST…
e
FIND A HUMAN FIGURE IN HERE..
STROOP EFFECT – READ THE COLOR
Read Fast…
Count the F
FIND THE MISTAKE
READ THIS
Which Grey is Darker?
In 1981, Israeli artist Isia Leviant Made a painting called The Enigma
Her mann grid illusion
Motion-induced blindness
DISTORTION TEST
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
Mueller-Lyer Illusion
Jastrow Illusion
Kanizsa Tri an gle
Sander illusion
Ebbing haus Illusion
Zollner's illusion
A TWIST
LOOK IN THE CENTER
THE BALL TURNS GREEN?
Four Perfectly Round Circles
Who is he?
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
• Lift your Right foot• Make Clockwise Circles
• Lift your Right hand• Draw Number SIX
• Check your Right foot
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
HAPPY DIWALI