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APLASTIC ANEMIA
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1:Bone Marrow
CAUSES
Figure 2:Epstein Barr virus Figure 3: Parovirus
STATISTICS
SYMPTOMS
Figure 4:Red spots Figure 5:Bruise
LAB DIAGNOSIS1. Complete blood count (CBC)
(a) low RBC, WBC, platelets
(b) low Hb and Ht level
2. Reticulocyte count
COMPONENT NORMAL VALUE
MALE FEMALE
RBC 4.7 – 6.1 mil cell/mcL 4.2 – 5.4 mil cell/mcL
Hemoglobin 13.8 – 17.2 gm/dL 12.1 – 15.1 gm/dL
Hematocrit 40.7 – 50.3 36.1 – 44.3
WBC 4500 – 10 000 cell/mcL
Platelet 150 000 - 400 000 /mcL
Reticulocyte 0.5 – 1.5%
3. Bone marrow test (a) BM aspiration (fluid) (b) BM biopsy (tissue)
4. Antibody test
5. Other test a) Vitamin B12 & folate test b) Liver test & viral test c) X-ray, CT scan d) ultrasound imaging test
Figure 6: BM Biopsy
TREATMENT
1. Stem cell transplant
2. Immunosuppressant
3. Blood transfusion
4. Bone marrow stimulant
5. Antibiotics & antiviral
Figure 7:Blood transfusion
PREVENTION
Avoid exposure to:
a) Insecticide
b) Herbicides
c) Organic solvents
d) Toxic chemical
Figure 8: Exposure to herbicides
CONCLUSION
Aplastic anemia - blood disorder that can be inherited or acquired
Serious problem - no enough oxygen supply in body - infection
Treatment - medications, stem cell transplant & blood transfusion
Patients are advised to:
a)Take good rest when neededb)Avoid contact sportsc)Be hygienic
CASE STUDY
1. Patient’s Detail
46 years old male Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Combination treatment of PEG-IFN-a 2a (180 μg, weekly) and
ribavirin (1200 mg/day) was commenced for a period of 48 weeks
2. Symptoms
Bleeding tendency Unexplained fatigue of recent onset
3. Physical Examination
Generalized purpura and bruising, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes
The patient’s liver, spleen and lymph nodes- not enlarged
Figure 9: A bone marrow biopsy showing the absence of hematopoietic tissue and its replacement with fat.
4. TREATMENT
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after completing two courses of immunosuppressive.
Therapy with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A.
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February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/risk -factors Anonymous, (2012), Diagnosis of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
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2013, http://www.bodyandhealth.canada.com Anonymous, (2005), Causes of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.childrenhospital.org David C., (2012), Idiopathic-aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.health.nytimes.com/health/guides.html
Anonymous, (2008), Aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth February 2013, http://www.uth.tmc.edu/pathology/medic.html
Anonymous, (2012), Statistics of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.aamds.org Anonymous, (2012), diagnosis, viewed on 8th February 2013,
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aplastic/ Anonymous, (2013), bone marrow biopsy, prevention, viewed on 8th
February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM01819 Anonymous, (2011), CBC, viewed on 8th February 2013,
http://www.aamds.org/about/blood-and-bone-marrow-basics/CBC
Anonymous, (2013), treatment, prevention, viewed on 8th February
2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aplastic-anemia/DS00322 Anonymous, (2011), treatment, viewed on 8th February 2013,
http://www.aamds.org/about/aplastic-anemia
Ioannou, S., Hatzis, G., Vlahadami, I., Voulgarelis, M.(2010),Aplastic anemia associated with interferon alpha 2a in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 4(268)