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ANTIBIOTICSANTIBIOTICSSulfonamides(sulfa drugs): are bacteriostatic(stops microbe reproduction)MOA: microbes need PABA to make adenine/guanine (DNA). Sulfa drugs look like PABA and get used instead.Indications: UTI, respiratory infectionReactions: allergies, easy sunburn, kidney damageConsiderations:Avoid sunlight, drink more waterExamples:Bactrimsilvadene
Sulfonamides(sulfa drugs): are bacteriostatic(stops microbe reproduction)MOA: microbes need PABA to make adenine/guanine (DNA). Sulfa drugs look like PABA and get used instead.Indications: UTI, respiratory infectionReactions: allergies, easy sunburn, kidney damageConsiderations:Avoid sunlight, drink more waterExamples:Bactrimsilvadene
ANTIBIOTICS-penicillinsANTIBIOTICS-penicillins
The ‘miracle drug’ of WW2. Penicillium mold killed staphylococci plate.
MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis.
Indications: abcess, meningitis, pneumonia, respiratory infection
Reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, diarrheaConsiderations: take with water, avoid cokes/food, can interfere with birth control pills
Examples: AmoxilAmpicillinbactocill
The ‘miracle drug’ of WW2. Penicillium mold killed staphylococci plate.
MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis.
Indications: abcess, meningitis, pneumonia, respiratory infection
Reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, diarrheaConsiderations: take with water, avoid cokes/food, can interfere with birth control pills
Examples: AmoxilAmpicillinbactocill
ANTIBIOTICS-cephalosporinsANTIBIOTICS-
cephalosporins cephalosporium fungus killed staph. aureus MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis.
Indications: URI, sinus infection, surgeries,meningitis
Reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, diarrhea, easy bleeding
Considerations: avoid if allergic to penicillin, diarrheas, can interfere with birth control pills
Examples: keflex omnicef suprax
cephalosporium fungus killed staph. aureus MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis.
Indications: URI, sinus infection, surgeries,meningitis
Reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, diarrhea, easy bleeding
Considerations: avoid if allergic to penicillin, diarrheas, can interfere with birth control pills
Examples: keflex omnicef suprax
monobactams/carbapenemsmonobactams/carbapenems
B-lactam ring(cyclic amine) B-lactam ring(cyclic amine)MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis.Kills gram negative bacteria.adverse reaction---like penicillin…possible increased seizuresexample--azactram/aztreonam
carbapenemsMOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis.Kills gram pos and negative bacteria.example---impenem/primaxin
tetracyclinestetracyclines MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes,prevents adding new amino acids
indications---acne,bronchitis,walking pneumonia, Lyme disease
adverse reactions---GI issues,sunlight issues
considerations---avoid with dairy, dental birth defects, expired may cause death, avoid under 9yoa
4 hydrocarbon rings examples----tetracycline/achromycin doxycycline/monodox
MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes,prevents adding new amino acids
indications---acne,bronchitis,walking pneumonia, Lyme disease
adverse reactions---GI issues,sunlight issues
considerations---avoid with dairy, dental birth defects, expired may cause death, avoid under 9yoa
4 hydrocarbon rings examples----tetracycline/achromycin doxycycline/monodox
macrolidesmacrolides MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes,prevents adding new amino acids
kills gram positive indications---clamydia, pulmonary infection
adverse reactions---GI issues, liver considerations--take with food examples----erythromycins azithromycin/zithromax clarithromycin/biaxin
MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes,prevents adding new amino acids
kills gram positive indications---clamydia, pulmonary infection
adverse reactions---GI issues, liver considerations--take with food examples----erythromycins azithromycin/zithromax clarithromycin/biaxin
ketolidesketolides MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes at 2 sites,prevents adding new amino acids
derived from eryhtromycin structure change
indications---lung/sinus infection adverse reactions---blurred vision and GI issues, liver
only telithromycin/ketek available in US
MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes at 2 sites,prevents adding new amino acids
derived from eryhtromycin structure change
indications---lung/sinus infection adverse reactions---blurred vision and GI issues, liver
only telithromycin/ketek available in US
quinolonesquinolones block baterial DNA synthesis kills gram neg and positive indications---bone/joint infection, URI, UTI
adverse reactions---GI issues, dizziness, joint swelling
considerations--avoid antacid, tendon damage, avoid if pregnant
examples---- ciprofloxacin/cipro levofloxacin/lavaquin
block baterial DNA synthesis kills gram neg and positive indications---bone/joint infection, URI, UTI
adverse reactions---GI issues, dizziness, joint swelling
considerations--avoid antacid, tendon damage, avoid if pregnant
examples---- ciprofloxacin/cipro levofloxacin/lavaquin
streptograminsstreptogramins inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes
kills gram neg and positive indications---MRSA adverse reactions---GI issues, dizziness,
joint swelling,site reaction considerations---must not contact saline,
refrigerate examples---- quinupristin-dalfopristin combo /synercid
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes
kills gram neg and positive indications---MRSA adverse reactions---GI issues, dizziness,
joint swelling,site reaction considerations---must not contact saline,
refrigerate examples---- quinupristin-dalfopristin combo /synercid
aminoglycosidesaminoglycosides
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes
indications---sepsis, life threatening infection
adverse reactions---nephrotoxic, ototoxic, tinnitus,deafness
considerations---adjust dosesexamples----
neomycin/mycifradin streptomycin/streptomycin tobracycin/nebcin
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes
indications---sepsis, life threatening infection
adverse reactions---nephrotoxic, ototoxic, tinnitus,deafness
considerations---adjust dosesexamples----
neomycin/mycifradin streptomycin/streptomycin tobracycin/nebcin
