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Anatomy of the neckAnterior triangle - part 1
Dr. Mohamed El fiky
Professor of anatomy and Embryology
The Anterior Triangle,Infrahyoid Muscles,
Structures in the Midline of the Neck
Midline of the N
eck
The Anterior Triangle
Divisions of The Anterior Triangle
1- submental 2- digastric 3- carotid 4- Muscular
SkinSuperficial
FasciaAnterior
Jugular vein
PlatysmaInvesting ofDeep fascia
Roof of The Anterior Triangle
The Submental Triangle
Submentalartery
SubmentalLymph nodes
Submentalveins
Submental TriangleBoundaries :
Apex : symphysis menti.
Base : body of the hyoid bone
On each side : the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Floor: the two mylohyoid muscles with their median raphe.
Contents: 1.Submental lymph nodes 2. Submental vessels .
Digastric TriangleBoundaries:
Above : lower border of the mandible.Blow and in front : anterior belly of digastric.
Below and behind : posterior belly of digastric.
Floor : 1.Mylohyoid muscle : anteriorly.2.Hyoglossus muscle : posteriorly.
Contents : (A) Glands: 1. Submandibular gland.2. Part of the parotid gland.3. Submandibular lymph nodes.
(B)Vessels : 1. Facial artery : deep to the
submandibulr gland.2. Facial vein : superficial to the
submandibular gland.3. Submental artery :
superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.
4. Mylohyoid vessels : superficial to the mylohyoid muscle
(C) Nerve 1. Hypoglossal nerve : lies on
the hyoglossus and then disappears under the mylohyoid muscle.
2. Nerve to mylohyoid : superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.
CarotidTriangle
Hyoglossus
ThyrohyoidMiddle
andInferior
constrictor of
pharynxLongus Capitis
Carotid Triangle
4- Hypoglossal n.
3- Spinal accessory n.
1- Glossopharyngeal n.
2- Vagus n.
5- Ansa cervicalis
A- Arteries
1- Common carotid
2- External carotid
3- Internal carotid
4- Sup. Thyroid
6- Facial
5- Lingual
8- Ascendingpharyngeal
7- Occipital
B- Nerves
C-Veins
1- Internal jugular
2- Common facial
D- Lymph nodes
Upper and Lowerdeep cervical lymph nodes
Contents of Carotid Triangle
Boundaries : Behind : sternomastoid musclein front and above : posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles in frontand below : superior belly of omohyoidmuscle Floor : ØAnterior part : hyoglossus and thyrohyoid musclesØ Posterior part : middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx.
Contents : A) Vessels : 1- Common carotid artery. 2- Internal carotid artery. 3- External carotid artery and all its branches except the posterior auricular and the two terminal branches 3- Internal jugular vein and 3 of its tributaries (common facial , lingual and superior thyroid). B) Nerves: 1. Last 3 cranial nerves (vagus, spinal accessory and hypoglossal). 2. Cervical sympathetic chain .3. Ansa cervicalisC) Lymph nodes : deep cervical lymph nodes along the internal jugular vein.
Anteriorly: midline of the neck (from hyoid
bone to sternum).
Postero-superiorly:superior belly of omohyoid.
Postero-inferiorly: lower part of anterior border
of the sternomastoid.
Muscular or Thyroid Triangle
Boundaries : In front : median line of the neckbehind and above : superior belly of omohyoid. Behind and below : sternomastoid: Contents : infrahyoidmuscles which include:• Sternohyoid. • Omohyoid.• Sternothyroid.• Thyrohyoid.
Omohyoid m.Sternohyoid m.
Sternothyroid m.
Thyrohyoid m.
Infrahyoid Muscles
The infrahyoid muscles are ribbon-
like and arranged in two layers:
a. Superficial layer:
u Sternohyoid (medially)
v Superior belly of omohyoid
(laterally)
b. Deep layer :
uSternothyroid (below)
uThyrohyoid (above)
The Ansa Cervicalis
Mylohyoid Raphe
Body of Hyoid Bone
Hyoid Bursa
Thyrohyoid Membrane
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricothyroid Ligament
Cricoid Cartilage
Cricothyroid Muscle
First Ring of TracheaIsthmus
of Thyroid Gland
Trachea
Levator Glandulae Thyroidae
Suprasternal Notch or Space
Median Structures of the Neck
Anterior Jugular Veins
Jugular Arch
Inferior Thyroid Veins
Thyroidae Ima Artery
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
BrachiocephalicArtery