Upload
amyepinkham
View
14.705
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2. Anterior
Anterior- front or toward the front of the body
3. Posterior
Posterior- back or toward the back of the body
4. Lateral & Medial
Lateral- Further from the midline of the body. The arms are lateral
to the spine.
Medial- closer to the midline of the body. The spine is medial to
the arms.
5. Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
6. Catabolism
Catabolism provides the energy to sustain life.
The breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler components,
accompanied by the release of energy.
7. Feedback System
Receptor- Sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus
Control center- Receives and processes the info supplied by a
receptor and sends out commands to an effector.
Effector- Cell or organ that responds to the commands from the
control center and effects an activity to enhance or oppose the
stimulus.
8. pH
An acid solution (pH below 7) contains more hydrogen ions than
hydroxide ions.
A basic solution (pH above 7) contains more hydroxide ions than
hydrogen ions.
9. Peptide Bond
A peptide bond is a covalent bond between the amino group of one
amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
10. CHONPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
These elements make up 96% of the bodies mass
11. Electron
An electron is the part of an atom that participates in a chemical
reaction.
12. Crenation of a red blood cell may occur if it is placed in a
hypertonic solution.
13. Translation begins when a mRNA strand binds to a small
ribosomal sub unit.
14. Translation stops when there is a stop codone.
15. An isotonic solution has an osmotic pressure equal to the
solution to which it is compared.
16. 4 types of tissue in the body
17. Epithelial tissue- covers exposed surfaces, lines internal
passageways and chambers, forms glands
18. Connective tissue- fills internal spaces, provides structural
support for other tissues and transports materials within the body,
and stores energy reserves.
19. Muscle tissue- specialized for contraction and includes the
skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle and the smooth muscle that lines
hollow organs.
20. Neural tissue- carries info from one part of the body to
another in the form of neural impulses.
21. Connective tissue is where our major energy reserves are
located.
22. Connective tissue contains collagen, elastin and reticular
fibers, and several kind of cells embedded in a semi fluid ground
substance.
23. Skeletal muscle tissue consists of cylindrical in shape with
striated fibers, and many peripheral nuclei just inside the plasma
membrane.
24. Dense regular connective tissue forms tendons and
ligaments.
25. Elastic fibers contain the protein elastin.
26. Epithelial tissue is avascular.
27. Simple squamous epithelium has only one layer with thin, flat,
irregular shaped cells
28. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the human
body.
29. The main function of sweat is to cool the surface of the skin
to reduce body temperature.
30. Melanin is a pigment in the skin which absorbs UV rays and
contributes to skin color.
31. Nails are keratinized epidermal cells.
32. The stratum lucidum is only found in the palms of the hands and
the soles of the feet.
33. The first stage in deep wound healing is a blood clot forms at
the site of injury.
34. 35. The rule of 9s
36. Keratinocytes are the epidermal cells that make keratin which
makes the skin waterproof.
37. The stratum germinavatum has a single layer of cuboidal to
columnar cells that are capable of continued cell division.
38. The haversian canal or central canal within an osteon provides
a pathway for the diffusion of nutrients within compact bone.
39. Metaphysis
The metaphysis is located between the epiphysis and the
diaphysis.
40. Over secretion of growth hormone can cause an excessive growth
in height.
41. A child whose bones are not fully ossified is more likely to
have a greenstick fracture.
42. Periosteum is the dense, white, fibrous covering around a
bone.
43. Ostoeblasts are cells that form bone.
44. Osteoclasts are cells that function in the reabsorption of
bone.
45. Oseocytes are mature bone cells.
46. The foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone.
47. The squamous suture is located between the parietal bone and
the temporal bone.
48. The illiac crest is a narrow ridge like projection on the hip
bone.
49. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicles and the
scapulae
50. In a symphysis fibrous connective tissue connects the
articulating bones.
51. A symphysis is NOT a type of diarthrosis.
52. The prominent sutures of the skull are the lambdoid suture,
coronal suture, sagittal suture and the squamous suture.
53. The lambdoid suture separates the occipital bone from the 2
parietal bones.
54. The coronal suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal
bones.
55. The sagittal suture divides the parietal bones.
56. The pelvic girdle consists of the paired hip bones.
57. The squamous suture separates the temporal bone from the
parietal bone.
58. There are 5 metatarsals on each foot.
59. The sphenoid bone is part of the cranial floor.
60. Myoblasts are embryonic cells that develop into muscles.
61. Cardiac fibers connect to each other at intercalculated
discs.
62. The origin of a muscle is the place where the fixed end
attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue.
63. An adductor causes movement towards the midline of the
body.
64. The gracilis muscle is located in the deep muscles of the inner
thigh.
65. A motor unit is all muscle fibers controlled by a single motor
unit.
66. Acetocholine (Ach) is the neurotransmitter released at the
neuromuscular junction of a skeletal muscle.
67. The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is called the sarcoplasm.
68. Oligodendrocytes are neuroglia in the CNS that produce a myelin
sheath.
69. The nucleus of a neuron is located in the perikyron of the cell
body.
70. The myelin sheath functions to speed up neural impulses.
71. The axon of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell
body.
72. The neuron is the most abundant cell within nervous
tissue.
73. The duramater is the outermost layer of the meninges.
74. The piamater is the innermost layer of the meninges.
75. The spinal cord in an adult extends from the base of the brain
to vertebra L1 or L2.
76. The dorsal root of the spinal nerve contains only sensory
fibers.
77. The ventral root of the spinal nerve contains only efferent
(motor) fibers.
78. The brachial plexus is where the nerves to and from the upper
limbs arise.
79. A dermatome is a specific bilateral region of skin that is
monitored by a single pair of spinal nerves.
80. Cavities within the brain are called ventricals.
81. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the choroid plexus.
82. The medulla oblongata is the main relay center for conducting
sensory information between the spinal cord and the cerebrum.
83. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain especially involved
with emotions.
84. The arachnoid villi help to circulate cerebrospinal
fluid.
85. The mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus contain the centers
that coordinate swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and
hiccupping.
86. The primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is in the
precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
87. Most conscious sensations and perceptions occur in the primary
sensory cortex on the postcentral gyrus.
88. The special senses are olfaction, vision, gustastion,
equilibrium and hearing.
89. The third order of neurons connects the thalamus to the
somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex.
90. The somotosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the
parietal lobe.
91. The anterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain somatic
motor nuclei which control the muscles of the upper limbs.
92. Photoreceptors are found in the outermost layer of the
retina.
93. Conjuctiva is the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids.
94. Ceruminous glands are located in the external acoustic
meatus.
95. The Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to the
nasopharynx.
96. The circumvallate and fungiform papillae are involved with the
sense of gustastion.
97. The highest area of visual acuity on the retina is on the fovea
centralis.
98. All preganglionic fibers in the ANS release acytocholine
(Ach).
99. Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers in the ANS release
norepinephrine.
100. Adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine.
101. Sympathetic and parasympathetic are the 2 principle divisions
of the efferent part of the ANS.