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Abdominal CT scan
Department of radiology
Submitted by,
AL AUF JALALUDEEN
Group: 308
An abdominal CT scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the belly area. CT stands for computed tomography.
How the Test is Performed You will lie on a narrow table that slides into the center of the CT scanner. Most
often, you will lie on your back with your arms raised above your head.
Once you are inside the scanner, the machine's x-ray beam rotates around you. Modern spiral scanners can perform the exam without stopping.
A computer creates separate images of the belly area. These are called slices. These images can be stored, viewed on a monitor, or printed on film. Three-dimensional models of the belly area can be made by stacking the slices together.
You must be still during the exam, because movement causes blurred images. You may be told to hold your breath for short periods of time.
Why the Test is Performed
An abdominal CT scan makes detailed pictures of the structures inside your belly (abdomen) very quickly.
This test may be used to look for:
Cause of abdominal pain or swelling
Hernia
Cause of a fever
Masses and tumors, including cancer
Infections or injury
Kidney stones
Appendicitis
What Abnormal Results Mean
The abdominal CT scan may show some cancers, including:
Cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter
Colon cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Ovarian cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)
Testicular cancer
The abdominal CT scan may show problems with the gallbladder, liver, or pancreas, including:
Acute cholecystitis
Alcoholic liver disease
Cholelithiasis
Pancreatic abscess
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Pancreatitis
Blockage of bile ducts
The abdominal CT scan may reveal the following kidney problems:
Acute bilateral obstructive uropathy
Acute unilateral obstructive uropathy
Chronic bilateral obstructive uropathy
Chronic unilateral obstructive uropathy
Complicated UTI (pyelonephritis)
Kidney stones
Kidney or ureter damage
Polycystic kidney disease
Abnormal results may also be due to:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abscesses
Appendicitis
Bowel wall thickening
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Renal artery stenosis
Renal vein thrombosis
Studying the CT image In this sequence of images, we will label the abdominal
vasculature. The CT images are 5mm slices with soft tissue window settings. IV and oral contrast have been administered which causes the vessels and GI tract to appear hyperdense (white). Some images will contain labels to assist with tracking the vessels.
IMAGES ARE VIEWED AS LOOKING FROM THE FEET
RIGHT LEFT
Follow the IV contrast filled Aorta as we descend caudally. Branches and pointsof interest will be noted.
Azygous Vein. Hemiazygous Vein
This is an excellent image of the right, middle and left hepatic veins draining into the InferiorVena Cava. Don’t confuse this structure with the IVC, this is the esophagus at the level of the
Lower esophageal sphincter, page up and down to confirm this.
The outline of the Inferior Vena Cava is more distinct in this image.
Portal Vein Branching into the Liver
Liver
Stomach
More portal vein branching into the liver lobes
Splenic Artery. Splenic Vein. Scroll up and downto confirm.
Spleen
Splenic Vein
Proper Hepatic Artery. Splenic VeinPortal vein
Adrenal
Glands
You can see the Celiac artery starting to branch from the Aorta. You can follow this down in the next four images
Proper Hepatic Artery is labeled in the upper right The splenicvein and artery are in the lower left
Proper Hepatic Artery and Splenic Artery (the splenic artery is the circle).
Splenic Vein
Here the Splenic Vein is emptying into the portal vein. Follow this up and down.
Pancreas
This is the Superior Mesenteric Artery branchingoff the Aorta.
Rt. and Lt.KidneysPancreas
Renal Veins emptying into the IVC. We also see the right renal artery branchingoff the Aorta, follow it down till you see it enter the right kidney. The Superior Mesenteric Vein is outlined on the top of this image. If you follow the SMV up,
youwill see it empty into the Portal Vein.
Here we see the right and left renal vein entering into the Inferior Vena Cava. WeAlso see the left renal artery branching off the aorta and heading toward the left
kidney. Page up and down to trace these vessels.
Superior Mesenteric Vein – follow it up as it joins the SplenicVein to form the Portal Vein
Transverse Colon Small Bowell
Note inferior mesenteric artery emerging from aortaInferior mesenteric vein extends cephalad to join smv.
Aorta bifurcates into common illiac arteriesAppendix is noted coiling in Rt. Lower quadrantNote air in lumen on adjacent scans
Psoas muscles
ABDOMINAL CYST
An abdominal CT scan revealed a large right upper quadrant cyst measuring 14x17x21 cm ( lateral, anteroposterior and craniocaudal)There was mass effect upon the liver and duodenum. The cyst had a thin smooth wall with internal fluid and high density material consistent with a blood clot.
RENAL CYST
NO CONTRAST CONTRAST
HEPATOMEGALY
SPLENOMEGALY
ABDOMINAL ABSCESS
Psoas abscess (blue arrow), and abscess dissecting anteriorly in transversalis fascia.
BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
RENAL STONE
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that causes excess release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure
CIRRHOSIS
CHOLELITHIASIS
CHOLECYSTITIS
PANCREATIC CANCER
PANCREATITIS
ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM