3. medicinal plants cultivation By Allah dad Khan

Medicinal Plants And

Their Cultivation in Pakistan

ByMr Allah Dad Khan [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Cultivation of Medicinal

Plants

Medicinal Plants Define As

Those plants that have healing properties are termed as medicinal plants or herbs.

Many plants with medicinal virtues are termed officinalis. ( Latin)Means medicinally useful.

This term dates back to the early Christian period, when monasteries were utilized as centers for the gathering and writing of information and usage of medicinal herbs.

World Situation of Medicinal Plants at a Glance

Medicinal plants have been used as healing agents since time immemorial. Of the 350,000 species of higher plants in the world, about 35,000 (up to 70,000) are used worldwide for medicinal purposes (Lewington). The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that about 80% of the total population in developing countries use plants as source of medicines

Medicinal Plants and Pakistan

Pakistan has a diverse climatic condition supporting the growth of nearly 6000 higher plant species of which nearly 700 plant species are reported for their medicinal value . Nearly 300 medicinal plants are traded locally and internationally. Pakistan obtains more than 80 per cent of its medicaments from higher plants.

Some Issues related to Medicinal Plants in Pakistan

1)Depletion of existing stock and presently most of the plants are found scattered in the distant areas.

2)Threat to genetic erosion due to indiscriminate exploitation/harvesting by the collectors

3)Quality deterioration of medicinal plants 4)Few species are reported endanger to the

extinct.5)Non Development of the technology of

propagation and regeneration of medicinal plants in their natural habitat.

6)Non Conservation of this natural resources.

Advantages of cultivation of medicinal plants

As compared to the traditional crops, 1. Medicinal crops provide better returns than traditional

crops; 2. Have very high domestic and export demand; 3. Fetch better prices in the market; 4. Could be stored for a long time, and sold at a time

when better prices prevail in the market; 5. Are the largely drought tolerant, and not easily grazed

by animals; 6. Have low incidence of pest attacks and diseases; 7. Require minimum resources, therefore the cost of

cultivation is lower as compared to the traditional crops; 8. Could be raised as inter-crops, along with traditional

crops, and also on degraded lands.

Economic opportunities and cultivation of MP

1. Most of the world's supply of medicinal herbs is obtained by wild collection (often called "wildcrafting"), not by cultivation.

2. There are still many minor medicinal plant species in Country that are abundant in nature and can be collected in a sustainable fashion.

3. However, because of shrinking wild resources and a strengthening sentiment that biodiversity should be preserved, cultivation is becoming increasingly important.

4. Cultivation offers the possibility of not only preserving economically important wild plants in their natural habitats, but also of providing farmers with new crops.

5. Domestic and foreign markets for medicinal plants are growing rapidly and provide important opportunities for the development and diversification of Pakistani agriculture

Best Climate of Pakistan for Medicinal Plants

1. The annual rainfall ranges from 125 mm in the South to 875 mm in sub-mountainous and northern plains.

2. About 70% of the rain falls during the monsoon season (July-September). However, occasional showers also occur during the winter.

3. The summer months, except in mountainous areas, are very hot, while the winter months are mild in the plains and extremely severe in hilly regions.

Package for Medicinal

Plants Cultivation

1 Climate As per ecological zone

2 Organic Fertilizers Farm Yard manure, compost /biopost

3 Soil Selection

Soil Preparation

Loamy Soil preferred

Through one to two PloughingFollowed by planking

4 Seed Selection Choosing Seeds and seedlings Next in line comes choosing the seeds. The best option would be to choose disease resistant varieties

5 Seed availabilityMethod of seeding/sowing

Through reliable sourcePlanting Seeds One by OneThe Scatter Method/ broadcastTransplanting Seedlings/ nursery

6 Irrigation and irrigation method

Through Taps , Bucket irrigation, Drip Irrigation which ever is feasible

7 Insect Pests and Diseases control

To be controlled through expert advice

8 Harvesting time Proper maturity level or as directed

Package of technology for medicinal plants

9 Collection of seed /leaves/roots/stem

Collection as directed by expertAnd farmers own experience

10 Cleaning/Drying Dry in Sunlight / shade as recommendedBy researchers

11 Packing and Packaging As per demand of the market

12 Store Cool Dry Places

13 Transport to market Immediately or on the time The dealers desired for it

14 Marketing of finished product

Local/Provincial/National/InternationalSeek advice from experts about quantity, do not compromise on quality, as quality speaks.

Package of technology for medicinal plants contd

Winter Medicinal Plants

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season)

# Name Time of sowing

Distance R/R and p/ Pin cm

Seed/Ha kgs

Time of Harvesting

Yield per Ha in Kgs

1 Ajwain ( Khurasani)

Sept-Oct 36/15 cm

10 kgs May -June 500-550 kgs

2 Ajwain desi

Sept-Oct 36/15 10-12 April- May 350-400

3 Alsi Oct-Nov 30 April-May 700-800

4 Kalwonji Sep-Oct 30/15 7-8 April-May 700-800

5 Tukhume balango

Sept-Oct 30 7-8 April 450-650

6 Malathi Sept-Oct 100 ---- After three to 4 years

4000-5000

7 Kuth Oct-Nov(roots)

Pots 35-45 After 3 Years

6000

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd



Seedrate/Ha

Time of Harvesting

Yield per Hectare in Kgs

8 Zeera Sufaid

Dec-Jan 40/15 12-15 May- June 1000

9 Zeera Kala

Sept-Oct 35 --- May –June 1000

10 Pudina Sept 25/15 Roots Dec -Jan 6000-7000

11 Coriander Aug-Sept Broadcast

---- Oct-Nov 900 Kg Seed

12 Methi July-Aug Broadcost

25 kg Sep-Oct 7000-9000

13 Mehindi June -sep 45 --- March -June

1500-3000

14 Aspaghool

Sep- Oct 40/15 5-7 March -April

500-625




Seed/hain kgs

Time of Harvesting


15 Rai Oct-Nov 36/15 5-7 March-April

1700-2000

16 Soyia Oct-Nov 36//15 10-12 March -April

1000-1200

17 Kali Zeeri

Aug-Sept 50/25 7-8 Dec-Jan 400-500

18 Kao Oct-Nov 36/20-25

10 Feb-March 1000-1200

19 Meethray

Sept-Oct 36 12-15 March-April

1000-1200

20 Haloon Oct-Nov 36/15 7-8 March-April

700-800

21 Bakla Oct 40/15-20

25-30 March -April

2000-2300



R/R and p/ Pin cm

Seed/hain kgs

Time of Harvesting


22 Saunf Nov 36/25 10-12 April

23 Saffroan

Sept -Oct 25/12 85000 corm/Ac

Flower Collected

2-3 Kg

Summer Medicinal

Plants

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season



Seed/Ha in kgs

Time of Harvesting


1 Adrak March-April

45 /29 1500 Dec-Jan 30000-35000

2 Gekhwar (Aloe vera )

March Pots or30/25

7-8 After 4 Years

12000-13000

3 Choongan(seed)

July Pots 400-500

----

4 Haldi March-April

45/20 2000-2500

Dec-Jan 25000-30000

5 Pudina Feb-March

30/20 450-500

15-20cm Stage

25000-30000

6 Saunf March -April

45/25 7-8 June-July 1300 ks seed

7 KilKil Feb-March

50 7-8 Oct-Nov 160-200

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd



Seed/ha in Kgs

Time of Harvesting


8 Babchi March-April

40-50 10-12 July -Dec 1000-1200

9 Lemon Grass

Feb-March 50 3-4 June -Aug 15000-20000

10 Koortuma

March-April

50 June -July 8000-1000

11 Kulfa March-June

25/15 4-5 April-Aug 3500-3600

12 Till July 45/15 3-5 Oct-Nov 2000

13 Castor(l) July-Aug 3 meter Nov 800

14 Castor (h)

July -Aug 3 m Nov 4500

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd


DiDistance R/R and p/ Pin cm

Seed/ha in Kgs

Time of Harvesting


15 Stevia Feb-March

75/36 Nursery Before flowering

6000-7000

Medicinal shrubs

and trees

Medicinal Plants /Shrubs/treesLocal Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Amaltas

Amla Ajmood

Amli Anjeer Akhroot Amluk

Amrud

AAmm

Anar Alubukhara

Angoor Ananas

Ashok Aswagadha

Ber Bakain

Banana

Bhai Bankhor Badam Bael

Cherry

Chalghoza

Chiraiata

Dhak

Euclyptus

Falsa

Medicinal Plants /Shrubs/trees contdLocal Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Gogle Grapes

Grape fruit

Gul e Nashtar

Gumhar Guggal

Hazle nut

Imli

Jack fruit

Jaman Japani Phul

Khubani

Kuchnar

Khajoor Keekar Khair Kaliar Kangar

Lemon

Litchi Lasuara Lauhra

Mastick

Mahrukh


Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Local Name

Neem Narial Nashpati

O

Papita

Q

Ritha

Shuftalo

Samal Strawberry Sweet orange

Saib Seabuck thorn

Timrru Tea tree

Tun Tutt


Local Name

Local Name Local Name Local Name

unab

v

willow Witch hazel

x

yarrow

Zaitoon

Tulsi

Aloe vera

Lemon Grass

Dhania

Methi

Haldi ( Turmeric)

Fennel

Oyster Mushroom

Jamun

Choongan

Health & Medicine

3. medicinal plants cultivation By Allah dad Khan