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By
Mrs. Vimala Jayakaran
Senior Librarian
email: [email protected]
REVIEW OF LITERATURE, ELECTRONIC LITERATURE
SEARCHES AND
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
What is Research
• Research is a scientific process. It is a systematic search for answers to questions about facts and relationship between facts.
• Research in stimulating exciting and interesting and provides opportunity for members of the description to make a lasting contribution to general knowledge.
Definition
• Research is a careful enquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles, deligent investigation to ascertain something
Clifford Woody
What is nursing research
Nursing research is a systematic appropriate to examining phenomena important to nursing and nurses.
Importance of Research to Nursing
• It validates nursing as a profession
• It provides a scientific basis for nursing practice
• It demonstrates accountability of the profession.
What is Review of Literature
• “The review of literature is an organised critique of the important scholarly literature that supports a study and a key step in the research process.”
• The term scholarly literature refers to published and unpublished data-based research
A data based (research) report or article is a report of an original
research study by the researcher (s)
who conducted the study
Why Review of Literature?
• The Literature review is an essential precursor to the research process
• It uniforms about what researcher has already been done on a given subject
• It indicates how other researchers have undertaken their research, how they collected their information or data and how they managed problems that commonly face researchers
Continues….
• It will tell what pitfalls to avoid and will guide them in constructing their own research project.
Review Of Literature
Education
Theory
Research
Practice
RELATIONSHIP OF THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE TO THEORY, RESEARCH, EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
Review of Literature
Theoretical frame work
Problem/ need/significance
Question/
hypothesis
Design/ methodologyFindings
Implications
Recommendations
RELATIONSHIP OF THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE TO THE STEPS OF THE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS
CONSUMER OF RESEARCH LITERATURE REVIEW
Clinical problem
Conduct literature review
Look through available journals on unit
Ask other nurse colleagues
yes No trial and error
Tradition method
Use library
Electronic sources
No efficient
yesPrint source
No
No: necessary unless data needed on material published before 1982 Time-consumingMEDLINE CINAHL
Yes 2 databasesMEDLINE
No not as a single data base
CINAHL printCINAHL On-line
yes No Not necessary for data-based material after 1982;Time-consuming
Conduct computer search
Seek Librarian and consult
Yes No Frustrating and Time-consuming
On your own
DEFINITION “The future masters of technology will have to be light hearted and intelligent.
The machines easily masters the grim and dumb”
Marshall Mcluhan
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
INFORMATION
“The current definite answer to almost any question can be found within the four walls of most Libraries”
-Arthur AsheA message received and UnderstoodInformation is the result of processing,
manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the person receiving it
Human Intellect
Com
plex
ity
Data
Information
Knowledge
Transformation of Data to Knowledge
Health Care Delivery Methods
Location
Knowledge base
Technology
Provider
Patient-Centered Informatics Model
Influencing
Factors
• Regulations
• Standards
• Laws
• Policies
• Health Care Model
Data
Results
• Data
• Information
• Knowledge
IMPACTS
• Practice
• Research
• Education
E BOOKS• E Books are electronic storage of printed
version of the books that store text and topics and display them in big screen.
• This invisible books shelf has no limits.• With this new E books the internet will
become our book store.• This books are available in compact disc
as well as through internet activation i.e online access.
ELECTRONIC SEARCHES
Advantages
• They are quicker to obtain• They are more updated and upgraded • Usually one gets far more than just the
book.• E Book takes up less space• They are more portable • Reference can be hot linked• It saves the time
Disadvantages
• Very costly
• Requires Equipment to be read
• Unfamiliar and new
• Different standards currently in use
EBOOKS AVAILABLE IN CON LIBRARY
S No Author & Title Year
1 HUETHER S E: Understanding Pathophysiology
2000
2 TORTORA & CRABOWSKI: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Ed. 9
2000
3 ECKER P M: Simbryo: An Animated tour of Human Development
2004
4 SILVESTRI L A: NCLEX-PN 2000
5 SAXTON: Mosby’s Comprehensive review of Nsg. Ed. 17
2003
6 POTTER & PERRY: Basic Nursing 1999
Continued…7 SMITH S F: Clinical Nursing skills.
Ed.5 2000
8 POTTER & PERRY: Fundamentals of Nursing Ed. 5
2001
9 DeLAUNE S C & Ladner P K: Fundamentals of Nursing
2002
10 EDWARDS M J A: Internet for Nurses and allied health Professionals Ed. 3
2002
11 DOENGES M E etc: Nursing care plans: Guidelines for individualizing patient care Ed.6
2002
12 LEWIS Sharon M etc: Medical Surgical Nsg: Assessment and management of clinical problems Ed.5
2000
Continued…13 BLACK J M etc: Medical Surgical Nursing
Clinical management for positive outcomes Ed. 6
2001
14 PHIPPS W J etc: Medical Surgical Nursing concepts &clinical practice. Ed. 6
1999
15 SMELTIZER S C & BARE B G: Brunner & siddarth’s textbook of Medical surgical Nursing Ed. 10
2004
16 CAPLIN Marcy Ed: Straight A’s in Medical Surgical Nursing ( a review series)
2004
17 SWARTZ Mark H: Textbook of Physical diagnosis: History and examination Ed. 4
2002
18 REEDER S J etc: Maternity Nursing Family Newborn and Women’s Health Care Ed. 18 (floppy disk)
1997
Continued…19 PILLITTERI A: Maternal and Child
Health Nursing: care of the child bearing & child rearing family: Ed. 4
2003
20 KATTWINKEL JOHN Ed: TB of Neonatal resusitation
2000
21 WONG D L:Whaley & Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and children Ed. 6
1999
22 HOCKENBER Y M J etc: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and children Ed. 7
2003
23 WONG Donna L : Whaley & Wong’s Essentials of Paediatric Nursing Ed. 6
1999
Continued…
24 POTT N L & MANDLECO B L: Pediatric Nursing caring for children and their families
2002
25 Hodgson B etc Ed: Straight A’s in Pediatric nursing
2004
26 KARCH Amy M: Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide
2001
27 BOYD Mary Ann: Psychiatric Nursing: Contemporary practice
2005
E Journals
• E journals defined as non print material that is produced digitally.
• Two major categories :
1.Communication Management
2. Information Management
SALIENT FEATURES
• They can be delivered to the desktop• They can be read by more than one person at a
time• The text can be searched • They can include multimedia and graphics in
color at marginal cost.• They published quickly • They can be interactive• The content can be reproduced, forwarded and
modified with copy right protection
Major Publishers of Scholarly e-journals in Medical Sciences
• Elsevier Science www.elsevier.com• Academic Press www.apnet.com• Blackwell-Science • www.blackwellpublishing.com • Kluwer Academic Publishers•
www.wkap.nl/kaphtml.htm• MCB University Press www.mcb.co.uk• Springer• www.link.springer.de/whatsnew.htm• Cambridge University Press www.cup.org
Indian Publishers of Scholarly e-journals in Medical Sciences
• Medknow Publicationswww.indianjmedsci.org
• The Indian Anaesthetists’ Forumwww.theiaforum.org
• The Anatomical Society of Indiawww.indmedica.com/anatomy/aindex
• Indian Journal of Cancer Quarterly journal published by Indian
Cancer Society (Full text of articles)
THE E-JOURNALS COLLECTIONFROM
ELSEVIER HEALTH SCIENCES• Advances in Neonatal Care• Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America• Disaster Management and Response• Geriatric Nursing• Heart and Lung- The Journal of Acute and critical Care• Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care• Journal of Emergency Nursing• Journal of Pediatric Health Care• Journal of Pediatric Nursing• Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing• Journal of Vascular Nursing• Nursing Clinics of North America• Pain Management Nursing
ELECTRONIC MAIL (EMAIL)
• Email Sends Messages Between Computers across a network.
• The use of E-mail for communication is so widespread.
• Useful tool for its speed and universal accessibility
Literature Databases• Automated Literature databases provide access
to relevant Literature and are an important research source in all disciplines. These databases offer speed, flexibility, currency and convenience in retrieving relevant information. Databases are generating specific to one field such as Health care, Social Sciences, Education, Mathematics and so on. Databases provide a defined, controlled, predictable and efficient means of finding relevant information on a particular topic. E.g. CD-ROM drive, CINAHL and MEDLINE were the most frequent used databases.
DATABASESCINAHL DATABASESMEDLINE (Pubmed)
CINAHL WITH FULL TEXTProvides indexes for 2717 journals – Nursing and allied health.Contains more than one lakh records (back to 1982.Nursing jounals from NL and ANA.Searchable cited references nearly 1150 journals.Provides full text 320 journals.Price $ 7308 (Rs. 3,35,948) PRE CINAHL As a companion database for subscribers.Provides current awareness of new journal article and includes a rotating file of limited bibliographic information.
•Alphabetic List
•Tree Structures
•Permuted List
Alphabetic List
BLOOD LOSS, SURGICAL
C23.542.100 C23.612.100Year: 1991Loss of blood surgery. For blood loss following surgery, related to the surgical wound, see HEMORRHAGE, POSTOPERATIVE. For /therapy or /prevention and control use HEMOSTASIS SURGICAL.
Before 1991 see under HEMOSTASIS;POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS.
See also HEMOSTASIS, SURGICAL
X Surgical Blood LossXx Blood Conservation
Scope Note may explain use of subheadings
History Note
]----XX
See also references are not made between headings that appear in the same tree. Consequently, consult the Tree Structures to select the most appropriate and specific heading(s) related to your topic.
The trees are composed of 16 broad categories:
A. AnatomyB. OrganismsC. DiseasesD. Chemicals and DrugsE. Analytical Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Technique and Equipment
F. Psychiatry and Psychology
G. Biological SciencesH. Physical Sciences
I. Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena
J. Technology, Industry, Agriculture, Food and Beverages
K. Liberal ArtsL. Information Science
and CommunicationM. Named GroupsN. Health CareP. Classification SystemsZ. Geographic Locations
Permuted List
EDUCATION, POST-RN ------- Hyphenated Subject Heading
EDUCATION, PREMEDICAL
Education, Problem-Based see PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING --- Cross References
Education, Professional, Retraining see REFRESHER COURSES
Education Providers, Continuing see CONTINUING EDUCATION PROVIDERS
EDUCATION, RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION RESEARCH
EDUCATION, RESPIRATORY THERAPY
EDUCATION, SOCIAL WORK
EDUCATION, SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
Education Studies see EDUCATION RESEARCH
EDUCATION, SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION, THEORY BASED
Education, Vocational see VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Emergency Medical Services Education see EDUCATION, EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
In this section CINAHL Subject Headings and their Cross References are arranged in alphabetical order
Reconsider Topic DECIDE TOPIC
Rephrase Heading Check for Subject Heading
Available YESNO
Check Permuted
Suggested HeadingsNO
YES
Check Alphabetic for Tree Numbers and Related Headings
SELECTCONDUCT SEARCH
Check Alphabetic for Tree Numbers and Related Headings
SELECT
Search Strategy Flow Chart
This convenient flow chart will help you to
more effectively search the CINAHL database. Whether used with electronic retrieval via the CINAHL direct service, the CINAHL database on CD-ROM and online, or the print index, the search strategy development is the same for all media. Simply select your topic and go to
the Subject Heading List to begin your search. The flow chart will progressively guide you in
several easy-to-flowstages to your ultimate goal… the exact
citations you’re looking for!
EMBAS
• EMBAS is an European database produced by Elsevier Science in the Netherlands with coverage complimentary to Medline in the area of European Literature and drug and Toxiology related information.
• It includes data from 3500 Biomedical journals• It is free to an individual user and also no fee to
instituitional subscription or membership of professional organisation.
MEDLINE (Pubmed)
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govPubmed is a service of the NLM (National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citation for Biomedical articles back to the 1950’s. These citations are from medicine and additional Life Science journals. Pubmed includes to many sites providing full text articles and other related sources.
THE INTERNET
THE Internet is the second largest communication in the world which has the following facilities.A virtual network of inter connected computers via telephone network .Global email system that is available and extremely cheap.A global teleshopping service A system support countrywide classroom with teleconferencingLargest public accessible collection of database
WORLD WIDE WEB
• An international group of databases• To access text, pictures and other
multimedia with a click of a mouse.• Fastest growing and most dynamic feature
of internet.• Help the user to retrieve right information
from anywhere in the world. E.G NETSCAPE (or) Microsoft Internet
Explorer
IMPORTANT Websites Dictionary Encyclopedia and Glossary
www.britannica.comwww.vh.org
www.allwords.com
Quotation Archieve
www.aphids.com/quotes/index.shtml
Statistical References
www.ons.gov.uk
www.who.int/whosis
Reference Service
Ask a Librarian: www.earl.org.uk/ask/index.html
Internet Public Library: www.ipl.org/ref/que
Continued…• Travel Information Multi map: www.multi.com Streetmap: www.streetmap.co.uk Medical Education Doctor’s desk: www.drsdesk.sghms.ac./uk Fda: www.fda.gov/search.html Medical Literature www.nelh.nhs.uk Health Information SciPICH: www.scipich.org Job Information Job Unlinited: www.jobsunlimited.co.uk. BMJ Classified: classfied.bmj.com
Selected Search engines for Use on the Internet
TITLE• Altavista• Excite• Google• InfoSeek• Lycos• Webcrawler• Yahoo
ADDRESS• http://www.altavista.digital.com• http://www.excite.com• http://www.google.com• http://www.Infoseek.com• http://www.lycos.com• http://www.webcrawler.com• http://search.yahoo.com• http://www.ho.ch./honselst• http://www.individual.com
Selected Internet Sites for Nursing Resources
TopicFederal Sites• Agency for Health Care Policy
and Research-clinical guidelines
• Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
• National Institutes of Health• National Library of Medicine
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
ADDRESS
• http://www.ahcpr.gov
• http://www.cdc.gov
• http://www.ninds.nih.gov
• http://www.nih.gov• http://www.nlm.nih.gov
• http://www.osha.gov
Nursing Related Websites
• American Nursing Informatics Association
• National Health Information Center (referrals to organisations and sites)
• National Council of State Boards of Nursing
• National League for Nursing
• Nursing Net• Nursing World (ANA)• Sigma Theta Tau
• http://www.ania.org
• http://nhic-nt.health.org
• http://www.ncsbn.org
• http://www.nln.org
• http://nursingnet.org• http://nursingworld.org• http://stti-web.inpui.edu
Contd…• http://
www.nursingcenter.com/• http://
www.rtstudents.com/• http://
www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/• http://
www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/• http://
www.greatnurse.com/• http://www.nurse.com/
• http://www.imanational.com/
• http://www.icmr.nic.in/• http://www.nml.nic.in/• http://
www.freemedicaljournals.com/
• http://www.healthweb.org/• http://
www.medicalconferences.com/
METASITES FOR NURSING INFORMATION
• CINAHL – www. Cinahl.com• BNIPLUS – www.bniplus.co.uk• CHID - http://chid.nih.gov• VHINL - www.nursinglibrary.org• MEDSCAPE –
www.medscape.com/nurseshome• EVIDENCE BASED NURSING –
www.nursingsociety.org/worldviews/index/html
ONLINE FREE JOURNALSS.NO. TITLE WEBSITE ADDRESS1. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING http://www.nursingcentre.com2. CANCER NURSING http://www.nursing.com3. CRITICAL CARE NURSE http://www.aacn.org4. GERIATRIC NURSING http://www.mosby.com/gerinurs5. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NSG STUDIES http://www.elsevier.com6. INTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW www.blackwell.science.com7. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING http://www.blackwell.science.com8. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING www.antonio.ingentaselect.com9. JL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMEN’S HEALTH http://www.elsvier.com10 JL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION www.jona.editorialmanager.com11. JOURNAL OF NURSING CARE QUALITY www.aspenpublishers.com12. JOGNN www.awhonn.org13. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NURSING www.wbsounders.com14. JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING www.professionalnursing.org15. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY www.harcourtinternational.com16. NURSE PRACTITIONER www.tnpy.com17. NURSING MANAGEMENT www.nursingmanagement.com18 NURSING OUTLOOK www.mosby.com19. ORTHOPEDIC NURSING www.naon.inurse.com20. PUBLIC HELATH NURSING www.blackwell.science.com21 REGISTERED NURSE www.rnweb.com22. ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY NURSING www.elsevierhealth.com23. JOURNAL OF NURSING EDUCATION www.journalofnursingeducation.com 24. PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE www.blackwellpublishing.com/nursing25 NURSING FORUM www.blackwell_synergy.com/26.JOURNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL NURSING http://ijpnonline.com/
CONCLUSION
The future libraries will emerge live wires active on E-learning to educate the users and facilitate access to information. It is E learning which will create a Paperless Society and Paperless Libraries. Electronic Journals offer certainly possibilities for a transformation of the information chain. Electronic journals should not just be a medium for scholarly communication but should also serve the functions of quality control and archiving.
