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.

GUIDE Dr.Reshma M Saokar Asso:Professor

PRESENTER; Dr. Saranya Sasi 1st Year PG Scholar DEPARTMENT OF RSBK

SDMCA-HASSAN

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IntroductionDefinition Channels of Drug absorption Modern View Selection of RouteFactors Affecting Drug Absorption Site of drug absorption Article Conclusion & Discussion Reference

CONTE

NT

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INTRODUCTIONImportant aspect in clinical practice.Important factor which influence the absorption of a drug. Interval between administration & onset of action is determined by the route of administration.Different drug will act at different sites of action.Administration of drug in appropriate route is very much important to obtain maximum therapeutic effect from the drug.

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DEFINITIONPath by which a

drug/fluid/poison or other

substances is brought into

contact with the body

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CHANNELS OF ADMINISTRATION

Acc: to Dosha Adhishtana, action of drug in body occurs through various srothas .

9 Srothas are1. मुख2. नासा 3. नेत्र4. कर्ण� 5. गुद6. मूत्रमाग� 7. योनिनमाग� 8. त्वचा

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ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION & KALPANA

RouteTvakMukhaAkshiSirasNaasaKarnaGudhaYoniMedhraGarbhasaya

KalpanaLepaPralepaAlepaAvaleha Aasava Arishta Kvatha Vati Churna Arka Ghrita Taila

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मुख

स्थानिनक कम�गण्डूष कवल

प्रनि�सरर्ण

पाचनसंस्थान दीपन-पाचन वमन - निवरेचन

श्वसनसंस्थान धूमपानसाव�देनि#क कम�

आमाशय (Gastric & Duodenal Diseases)

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स्थानिनक - नस्य

फुफ्फुस - धूमपान

शिशर -शिशरोनिवरेचन

नासा

कर +्र्ण कर्ण�धावन

कर्ण�पूरर्णकर्ण�धूपन

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नेत्रसेक आश्चोतनं पिपण्डी पि�डालस्तप�रं्ण तथा ।पुटपाको॓ऽञ्जनं चैभि$: कल्पैनेत्रमुपाचरेत्॥ शा. उ. १३.१

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मूत्रमाग� उत्तरबस्तिस्�

गुदसाव�देनि#क• आस्थापन बस्तिस्� • अनुवासन बस्तिस्�

स्थानिनक – पुरिरषानुलोमन फलवर्ति�4

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त्वचा

योनिनमाग�योनिनधूपन फलवर्ति�4 �ैलनिपचु योनिनपूरर्ण योनिनधावन स्ने#न स्वेदनअभ्यङ्गउपना#लेप

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आस्यादामाशयस्थान् पि1 रोगान् नस्त: शिशरोगतान् I गुदात् पक्वाशयस्थांस्श्च 1न्त्याशु दत्तमौषधम् II शरीरावयवोत्थेषु पिवसप�पिपडकादिदषु।यथादोषं प्रदे1ादिद शमनं स्याद ्पिवशेषत:॥ (च. शिच. ३०/२९५)

If drug is administered through Mouth – works quickly on diseases

located in stomach By Inhalation – quickly cures the

disease of the headAnus – cures diseases located in colon External application (pradeha etc.) – cures visarpa, pidaka

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मुख The most common route of drug administrationFor drugs that come in delayed release or time-release formulations, breaking the tablets or capsules can lead to more rapid delivery of the drug than intended Oral refers to 2 methods of administration:

1. Applying topically to the mouth

2.Swallowing for the absorption along with GIT into systemic circulation

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ADVANTAGES

1.Convenient

Can be self administered Pain freeEasy to take

2.Absorption

Takes place along the whole length of GIT

3.Cheap Compared to most other routes

4. No need of sterilization

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Sometimes inefficient Only part of the drug may be absorbed

Irritation to gastric mucosa

Causes nausea & vomiting

Unpleasant taste of some drugsSlow absorption – Slow action

Cannot used in emergencies

Unable to use in unconscious patients

DISADVANTAGES

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DOSAGE FORM

• Tablets/Capsules• Soft/Hard Gel Capsules• Syrup• Powders

• Asava•Arishta•Kashaya• Avaleha• Gutika• Guggulu• Vati

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नासा•Provides rapid delivery of a drug across the large surface area of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract & pulmonary epithelium .•This route of administration is mainly used for drugs that are gases or those can be dispersed in an aerosol.•This route is particularly effective & convenient for patients with respiratory complaints (such as asthma & COPD) because the drug is delivered directly to the site of action & systemic side effects are minimized.

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• Any condition of unconscious state refers to rectal administration of the

medicine as this route by pass the portal circulation (bhutagni paka) & reaches the target

soon

- Diluted alkaloid contents are faster to absorb & reach the

target in time. - Buffers like Honey,

Saindhav & Shatapushpa helps the drugs to act faster & sooner.

- Vatahara Sahacharadi / Dhanwantaram taila as vasti in

status asthmatic is very useful

गुद

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त्वचा• Application of drug directly to the surface

of the skin• It produce local effect

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

• Lower risk of side effect• User friendly• Can be use for child, old age etc.

• Local Therapeutic effect• Not well absorbed into the deeper layers of the skin or

mucous membrane

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DOSAGE FORM

UpanahaLepa Malahara

Cream Ointments lotions Gels

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योनिनमाग�1. Uttara Vasti

It is given in upper passage (uttara marga) i.e., urinary or vaginal, than the usual anal passage and is superior in qualities and termed

as UTTARAVASTI.Given after Nirooha and given through Uttaramarga

As it does unction it is considered like anuvasana vasti and others consider it like nirooha vasti as it performs cleansing as well.

2. Yoni Dhaarana/Pinda Placing a Kalka or Pinda of medicine inside the vagina is

termed as Yoni Dhaarana3. Yoni Dhaavana This procedure is useful to cleanse the female genital

organs of excess fluids, vitiated Kapha, Pitta. It also improves the tone of the local muscles and maintains moisture.

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4. Yoni Dhoopana Fumigation at the vaginal end

5. Yoni Pichu Placing a medicated cotton swab/roll of cloth inside the vagina is termed as Yoni Pichu.The swab/roll of cloth should be retained for a long time so that it exhibits action locally. The effect of the vitiated Dosha can be nullified. The Dhaatu can be strengthened. Ulcers if present heal, pain subsides and the local hygiene improves.

6. VarthisVarthi Kalpana is identical with the vaginal tablets.

Employed for a local action of the drugCharacters of drugs used in Varthi Kalpana – Astringents ,

Hygroscopic, Wound healing.Selection of drug depends on the type of srava, accompanying

symptoms and pathology behind .

 

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1.Oral/Entral

2.Entric coated pills & Tab

3.Enemata

Evacuant enema

Retention Enema

4.Sub-Lingual

5.Local

6.Parentral

a.Injection b.Inhalationc.Transcutaneous d.Trans-mucosal

SublingualNasal

Rectal

Intradermal

IM

subcutaneous

IntraArterial

IV

Intra medullary

Intrathecal

MODERN VIEW

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SELECTION OF ROUTE The ROA is determined by:

The physical characteristics of the drug. The speed which the drug is absorbed and/or released. To achieve high concentration at particular sites. Accuracy of dosage. Condition of the patient.

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FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION

RELATED TO DRUGS

Lipid Water solubility Molecular Size Particle Size Physical forms Chemical Nature Dosage forms Formulations Concentrations

RELATED TO BODY Area of absorptive drugs Vascularity pH Presence of other substances Disease

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? SPECIFIC ROUTE & TIME FOR DRUG ADMINISTRATION

प्रनिवसु्र�ो नि# दोष: स्थानमा�न्गायाधिधनि�ष्टन+ मूधा�दीन+ वा दूस्�रो भवनि� ।��श्च स्थाननिवशेषरे्ण भेषजनिवशेष: पयAनिष�व्य: ॥

(अ.सं.सू.२३)

The circulating doshas will get vitiated & those morbid doshas which remain in specific places will lead to pathological condition of those sites.

Therefore the site of disease or pathology must be well understood.

Accordingly drug may be administered.

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SITE OF DRUG ABSORPTION

S.N

Aasaya Dosha Property Of Drugs To Be Absorbed

1 Aamasaya Kapha Snigdha,Seeta,Guru2 Grahani Pitta Snigdha,Ushna,Laghu3 Pakwasaya Vata Ruksha,Seeta,Laghu

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DISCUSION & CONCLUSION

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Aushada Sevana Margas are the routes by which different drug preparations are administered to the body according to patients saaririka & manasika bala & roga

Many researches have been carried out in this field since ancient times

A well qualified physician is to be aware of all these routes of drug administration

Considerations of anatomy, physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, therapeutics and convenience determine the route of drugAdministration

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ARTICLE1. Nebulisation Therapy –A novel approach to drug delivery system in ayurveda Kajaria Divya Kumari* Tripathi J.S ** Tiwari S.K * International Research Journal of Pharmacology 2011,2(11) 18-20

2. Pharmacodynamic understanding of basti: a contemporary approach Gyanendra D Shukla* Shweta Pandey* Anup.B.Thakar*International Journal Of Pharmaceutical of Biological Archives 2012;3(4):893-896

3. Evaluation of Bronchodilator effect of Kantakari extract nebulisation in wheezing children; a randomized clinical study Patil Amol* AZIZ Arbar* Deepti A.K** IJRSP.5(3) may - jun 2014

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• Ashtanga Sangraha Sutra Stana 23rd Chapter •Charak Samhita Chikitsa Stana 30th Chapter• Text book of Bhaishajya Kalpana Vijnanam – Dr.Shobha G. Hiremath• Text Book of Bhaishajya Kalpana Vijnanam - Dr.G.Prabhakar Rao• Dravya Guna Vijnana J.L.N Sastri• Dravya Guna Vijnana P.V Sharma• Clinical Pharmacology P.N.Bennett & M.J.Brown• Essential Medical Pharmacology – K.D Tripathy

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THANK

YOU