..2522 1 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7 6 9 7 9 8

10 12 13

..2522 1 (..2522) 14 2 (..2522) 22 3 (..2522) 29 4 (..2522)

38

5 (..2522) 44 6 (..2522) 45 7 (..2525) 4 (..2522) 46 8 (..2525) 5 (..2522) 47 9 (..2526) 4 (..2522)

7 (..2525) 48

10 (..2526) 5 (..2522) 8 (. 2525)

50

11 (..2547) ..2522 51 12 (..2548) ..2522 52 ..2522 23 (..2522)

54

44 (..2523) 63 56 (..2524) 64 57 (..2524) 68 61 (..2524) 70 78 (..2527) 72 83 (..2527) 75 92 (..2528)

82

() ..2522 98 (..2529) 86 100 (..2529) 87 102 (..2529) 89 113 (..2531) 90 116 (..2531) ( 2) 91 117 (..2532) 92 121 (..2532) 95 135 (..2534) ( 2) 100 137 (..2534) ( 2) 101 144 (..2535) 102 150 (..2536) 105 151 (..2536) 107 153 (..2537) 108 156 (..2537)

109

157 (..2537) 116 158 (..2537) 123 ( 167) ..2538

127

( 168) ..2538

128

( 169) ..2538 129 ( 171) ..2539 ( 2) 130 ( 174) ..2539 132 ( 179) ..2540 ( 2) 133 ( 182) ..2541 134 ( 184) ..2542 ( 2) 177 ( 191) ..2543 ( 189) ..2542 178 ( 193) ..2543 179 ( 194) ..2543 186 ( 195) ..2543 191 ( 196) ..2543 194 ( 197) ..2543 197 ( 198) ..2543 201 ( 199) ..2543 204 ( 200) ..2543 207

()

..2522 ( 201) ..2543 208 ( 202) ..2543 210 ( 203) ..2543 213 ( 204) ..2543 216 ( 205) ..2543 218 ( 206) ..2543 224 ( 207) ..2543 226 ( 208) ..2543 228 ( 209) ..2543 232 ( 210) ..2543 234 ( 211) ..2543 237 ( 213) ..2543 239 ( 214) ..2543 248 ( 215) ..2544 252 ( 217) ..2544 ( 215) .2544 253 ( 219) ..2544 ( 2) 254 ( 220) ..2544 ( 3) 256 ( 221) ..2544 264 ( 222) ..2544 266 ( 223) ..2544 269 ( 224) ..2544 272 ( 225) ..2544 274 ( 226) ..2544 (Ghee) 276 ( 227) ..2544 278 ( 228) ..2544 281 ( 229) ..2544 ( 162) ..2538 283 ( 230) ..2544 ( 2) 284 ( 232) ..2544 14 (..2522) 285 ( 233) ..2544 23 (..2522 )

286

( 234) ..2544 56 (..2524)

288

( 235) ..2544 57 (..2524) 289

()

..2522

( 236) ..2544 290 ( 237) ..2544

291

( 238) ..2544 293 ( 239) ..2544 ( 193) ..2543 296 ( 243) ..2544 297 ( 244) ..2544

299

( 245) ..2544 300 ( 246) ..2544 ( 217) ..2544 301 ( 247) ..2544 ( 2) 302 ( 248) ..2544 ( 2) 303 ( 251) ..2545

304

( 252) ..2545 ( 2) 306 ( 253) ..2545 ( 3) 307 ( 254) ..2545 ( 3) 308 ( 255) ..2545 310 ( 256) ..2545 ( 4) 311 ( 257) ..2545 ( 2) 312 ( 259) ..2545 (Processing aid)

313

( 262) ..2545 315 ( 263) ..2545 317 ( 264) ..2545 318 ( 265) ..2545 319 ( 266) ..2545 332 ( 267) ..2545 336 ( 268) ..2546 339 ( 269) ..2546 340 ( 272) ..2546 341 ( 273) ..2546 ( 2) 342 ( 275) ..2546 ( 2) 343

()

..2522 ( 276) ..2546 ( 2) 344 ( 277) ..2546 ( 2) 345 ( 280) ..2547 346 ( 281) ..2547 349 ( 282) ..2547 ( 2) 353 ( 283) ..2547

354

( 284) ..2547 ( 5) 355 ( 285) ..2547 ( 4) 356 ( 286) ..2547

( 2) 357

( 287) ..2548 ( 3) 358 ( 288) ..2548 359 ( 289) ..2548 369 ( 290) ..2548 ( 3) 374 ( 292) ..2548 375 ( 293) ..2548 376 ( 294) ..2548 380 ( 295) ..2548 382 ( 296) ..2549 387 ( 297) ..2549 390 ( 298) ..2549

396

( 299) ..2549 ( 2) 407 ( 300) ..2549

..2522 408

( 301) ..2549 ( 4) 416 ( 303) ..2550 418 ( 305) ..2550 434 ( 307) ..2550

( 3) 436

( 308) ..2550 ( 4) 437 ( 309) ..2550 ( 2) 438

()

..2522 -

..2522 439

( 310) ..2551

441

( 311) ..2551 442 ( 313) ..2552 443 ( 314) ..2552 453 ( 315) ..2552 454 ( 316) ..2553 ( 6) 455 456

..2522

.. 8 ..2522

34 ---------------------------------------------------

1 ..2522 2

3

(1) ..2507(2) 49 18 ..2515

4

(1)

(2)

2

5

6

(1) (2)

(3) (1)

(4)

(5)

(6)

3(7)

(8) (9)

(10)

1

7

8

(1) 6(2) 19(3) 39(4) 44(5) 46

9 10 9

(1) (2) (3) (4)

4(5)

11

12 11

13

2

14

15

16 14 15 (1)

(2)

(1) (2)

17 14 15 16(1)

5

18 14 15 31

19

3

20 14 15

21

22

23

6 24 6

4

25 (1) (2) (3) (4)

26 (1) (2)

(3) (4) (5)

27 (1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

6(2) (3)

28 6(2) (3) 27(5)

7 29 25(4) (1) (2) (3)

30

(1)

(2)

(3) 26 27 28

()

()

5

31 14 15

32 6(1) 14 31

33 6(1) 15 31

8 34

35 31

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

36

37

39 38

39 27 38

40

41

42

(1) 41

(2)

9 6

43 (1)

(2)

(3) (4)

(5)

6(6)

44 43 26 27 28 25(4) 6(6)

45

7

46

26 27 28

10

26 27

14 15

8

47 6(4)(5) (9)

48 6(6)

49 6(7) 50 6(8)

51 6(10) 52 13

43

53 14 15

54 16(1) 16

55 20 21

56 22 23

11

57 24

58 25(1)

59 25(2)

60 25(3) 61 25(4)

62 30(1)

63 30(2)

64 31

65 31

66 34

67 36

68 38

69

39 70 40

71 41 72 42

73 48 50 58 59 60 61 69

12

74

75

76

77

78 14 15 .(96 .. 1 79 () 13 2522)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :

13

(1) 10,000 (2) 20,000 (3) 2,000 (4) 2,000 (5) 5,000 (6) 500 (7) 500 (8)

14

()

1 (..2522) ..2522

------------------------------------------------ 5 14 18 21 22

..2522 1

.1 .1 2 1

(1)

()

(2) (3)

() ()

()

3 .2 4

(1)

(2)

15

(3)

(4) (3)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

() () () () () ()

(10) (9)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14) (12) (13)

5 .3 .3

16

6 .4 .4

7 .5 .5

2

8

17 ..2522

(96 ..1 193 () 22 ..2522)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 14 18 21

22 ..2522

17

..

()

.1

--------------------------------------

....

1. . .. .... ..... ../...//....

2. ()

... ..../..././.....././/....

3.

4. (1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4) (5)

(6) (7) (8)

().

18

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.... 14 ..2522

.... .../ . . /...../.. ... . /... / .. / ... .

31 .. ..

... ..

1 2 31 .. 31 .() ().. .. .// .// 3 4 31 .. 31 .() ().. .. .// .//

19..

()

.3

---------------------------------

....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

.. ()

./....//... . ........

(1) (2)

() ..

20..

()

.4

---------------------------------

....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

.. .. ()

./....//....

() ..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1.

2.

21

..

()

.5

....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

(1) .. (1) .. ()

./....//.... .. /.... /. /.... .

(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4) (5)

() ..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1)

22

()

2 (..2522) ..2522

--------------------------------------------- 5 15 18 21 22

..2522 1 .6

.6 2 1

(1)

()(2)

(3)

() ()

3 .7 4

(1)

(2)

(3) 5

.8 .8

23

6 .9 .9

""

7 .10 .10

2

8

17 ..2522

(96 .. 8 193 () 22 ..2522)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 15 18 21

22 ..2522

24.. ()

.6

------------------------------------------

....

1. .... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

2. .... ()

. ../....//... .. / .. / . /.. .

3.

4. (1) () 2 (2)

2 (3) 2 (4) (5)

(6) (7) (8)

() ..

25

.7

.... 15 ..2522

.... .../ . . /...../.. ... . /... / .. / ... .

31 .. ..

... ..

1 2 31 .. 31 .() ().. .. .// .// 3 4 31 .. 31 .() ().. .. .// .//

26.. ()

.8

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. ... . .. ()

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(1) (2)

() ..

27.. ()

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. ... . .. ()

./....//...

.

() ..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1.

2.

28.. ()

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....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

(1) .. ..... (1) ()

.. ./.... / /... ./.... / / .. . .

(1) () 2 (2)

2 (3) 2 (4) (5) (

)

() ..

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) :

29

()

3 (..2522) ..2522

---------------------------------------- 5 16 ..2522

1

(1) .11 (2) .12

2 (1) .13 (2) .14

3

(1) .15 .15

(2) .16 .16

4 3 .15 .16 5

17 ..2522

(96 ..12 193 () 22 ..2522)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 16

..2522 14 15 ..2522

30.. ()

.11

....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

.. ()

. ./...... / /...

(1) (2) ..(3) .. .(4) ..

() ..

31.. ()

.12

....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

.... .... ()

... ./...... / /...

(1) (2) ..(3) .. .(4) ..

() ..

32

.13

---------------------------------------

.... 16(1) ..2522

.... .../ . . /...../.. ...

.. ...

... ..

33

.14

---------------------------------------

.... 16(1) ..2522

.... .../ . . /...../.. ...

.. .

...

..

34.. ()

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....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

. ...... ....

()

... ../...... / /.... .

(1) (2)

(1) (2) ()(3) 1

() ..

35

.

.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

:

36.. ()

.16

....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

. ...... ....

()

... /...... / /.... .

(1) (2)

(1) (2) ()(3) 1

() ..

37

.

.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

:

38

()

4 (..2522) ..2522

----------------------------------------- 5 22 31 36

..2522 1

.17 .17

1 1 7 (..2525) 1 1 9 (..2526)

2 .18 2 2 7 (..2525) 9

(..2526) 3

.19

3 3 9 (..2526) 4

.20 .20

5

17 ..2522

(96 ..15 193 () 22 ..2522)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 22 31 36

..2522

39.. ()

.17

----------------------------------

.. .. ..() ..

. ../. . / . / ... . .. .

40

.. ..../......../../. . . . ... .

(1) 4 (2) 1 (3) 4 ()(4) 4 (5) 4

() ..

41

.18

---------------------------------------

.

. ()

. ()

/ ... .... /..... /...... .. .. .... .. .. / .. .. ../ / . .

...

..

42

.19

....

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() ..

43.. ()

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....

.... ... ....... ... ./..../../. ..

.. .. . /...... / /....

..

() ..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1.

2.

44()

5 (..2522)

..2522-----------------------------------------

5 ..2522

(1)

3,000

(2) 5,000

(3) 6,000

(4) 7,000

(5) 8,000

(6) 10,000

(7) 15,000 (8) 2,000 (9)

2,000 (10) 5,000

(10) 8 (..2525) 10 (..2526)

(11) 500 (12) 500 (13)

17 ..2522

(96 ..18 193 () 22 ..2522)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 5 ..2522

45

.. .. ...

..2522

..

()

6 (..2522) ..2522

---------------------------------------- 5 45 ..2522

17 ..2522

(96 ..22 193 () 22 ..2522)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 45 ..2522

6 (..2522) ..2522

--------------------------------()()

..2522

6 .

..//. ..//.

9.5 .()

3x4 .

6 .

9.5 . :-

46

()

7 (..2525) ..2522

------------------------------------------------- 5 31 ..2522

1 1 4 (..2522)

..2522 1

.17/1 .17/1

1 1 9 (..2526) 2 2 4 (..2522)

..2522 2 1 .18

1 .18/1

2 2 9 (..2526)

19 ..2525 .

(99 ..39 41 23 ..2525) 9 (..2526) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :

31 ..2522

47

()

8 (..2525) ..2522

---------------------------------------------- 5 ..2522

(10) 5 (..2522)

..2522 (10)

() .18 5,000 () .18/1 500

(10) 10 (..2526) 19 ..2525

.

(99 ..42 41 23 ..2525)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :

5 (..2522) ..2522

48

()

9 (..2526) ..2522

------------------------------------------- 5 31 36

..2522 1 1 4 (..2522)

..2522 7 (..2525) ..2522

2 2 4 (..2522) ..2522 7 (..2525) ..2522

2 1 .18

3 3 4 (..2522) ..2522

3

22 ..2526

(100 ..1 134 () 18 ..2526)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :

4 (..2522) ..2522 7 (..2525) ..2522

49

.18

---------------------------------------

.

. ()

. ()

/ ... .... /..... /...... .. .. .... .. .. / .. .. ../ / . .

...

..

50

()

10 (..2526) ..2522

---------------------------------------------- 5 ..2522

(10) 5 (..2522)

..2522 8 (..2525) ..2522

(10) 5,000 22 ..2526

(100 ..4 134 () 18 ..2526)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :

5 (..2522) ..2522 8 (..2525) ..2522

51

()

11 (..2547) ..2522

----------------------------------------

5 15 ..2522 29 35 39 48 50

4/1 2 (..2522) ..2522

4/1 4

19 ..2547

()

( )

( 121 33 . 25 ..2547)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :

52

()

12 (..2548) ..2522

-----------------------------------------

5 14 18 21 ..2522 29 35 39 48 50

1 2/1 1 (..2522) ..2522

2/1 1 6(7)

2 5 1 (..2522) ..2522

6(7) 2/1

3 7 1 (..2522) ..2522

2 2/1

53

4 8 1 (..2522) ..2522

8 (1)

(2)

22 ..2548

()

( )

( 122 81 . 15 ..2548)

54

()

23 (..2522)

----------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) (10) ..2522

1 (1) 2

(1)

(2)

(2)

3

4

(1) (Acid Value) 1 () 4.0 () 0.6

(2) (Peroxide Value) 1 10

(3) (Saponification Value) 1 187 196

(4) (Iodine Value, Wijs) 80 106(5) (Relative Density) 30/30 0.909 0.913

--------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 1 23 (..2522) 1 ( 233) ..2544 23 (..2522) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

(2) 2 2 23 (..2522) 2 ( 233) ..2544 23 (..2522) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

55(6) (Refractive Index) 40 1.460 1.465(7) (Water and Volatile Matter) 105

0.2 (8) (Soap Content) 0.005 (9) (Unsaponifiable Matter) 1

(10) (Insoluble Impurities) 0.05 (11) (12)

5

(1) (Acid Value) 1 () 4.0

() 0.6

() 1.0

() 1.0

(2) 4(2)(7)(8)(10) (12)

6 (Food Additives) (Contaminants)

7 (3)

8 (3)(1) (2)

.. .. 5

(3) 3 (2)

(4)

9 4 5 6 7 8 1 --------------------------------------------------------------

(3) 7 8 23 (..2522) 3 4 ( 233) ..2544 23 (..2522) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

56

10 23 (..2522) 13 ..2522 (4)

11 2 2 (4)

13 ..2522

(96 ..24 163 ( ) 21 ..2522)

--------------------------------------------------------------(4) 10 11 23 (..2522) 5

( 233) ..2544 23 (..2522) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

(Food Additives)

1. ) - (beta-carotene) -) (annatto) -) (curcumin) -) (canthaxanthine) -) --8- (beta-apo-8-carotenal) -

(colour) :

) --8- (methyl and ethyl ester of beta-apo-8-carotenoic acid)

-

2. (Flavours) :

58

3. (emulsifiers) ) (mono anddiglycerides of fatty acid)

2

) (mono anddiglycerides of fatty acid) (acetic) (tartaric) (citric) (acetyl tartaric) (lactic)

2

2 () () 2

) (lecithins andcomponents of commercial lecithin)

2

) (polyglycerolesters of fatty acid)

2

) (esters of fatty acid with polyalcohols other thanglycerol)

2

59

(sorbitan monopalmitate) (sorbitan monostearate) (sorbitan tristearate) 2

) (1,2-propylene glycol esters of fatty acid)

2

) (sucrose esters of fatty acid) including sucroglyceride)

2

) (stearyl lactylic acid and its calcium salts)

2

) (polyglycerol esters of interesterifiedricinoleic acid)

2

) (20) (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate)

2

) (20) (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate)

2

60

4. (anti oxidants) ) (propyl, octyland dodecyl gallates)

0.01 0.01

) (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) (butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA)

0.02 0.02

) (gallates) BHA BHT

0.02 0.01

)

(ascorbyl palmitate)0.02

) (ascorbyl stearate)

0.02

() () 0.02

) (natural and synthetic tocopherols)

0.02

) (dilauryl thiodipropionate)

0.02

61

5. (antioxidant synergists)

) (citric acid and sodium citrate)

-

) (isopropyl citrate)

0.01 () () ()

0.01

) (phosphoric acid) 0.01) (monoglyceride citrate) 0.01

6. (antifoaming agents)

(dimethyl polysiloxane) (silicon dioxide)

0.001

7. (crystallization inhibitors)

(oxystearin) 0.125

62

(Contaminants)

1. (mineral oil) 2. : 5.0

2.53. : 0.4

0.14. 0.15. 0.16. (aflatoxin) 20 1

( 20 )7.

(cyclopropenoid fatty acid) 0.4

63

()

44 (..2523)

----------------------------------------------- 5 6 (10) ..2522

1 2

5

3

12 ..2523

(96 ..15 11 ( ) 28 ..2523)

64()

56 (..2524)

-----------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(7) (10) ..2522

1 (Elaeis guineensis) (1)

(2)

2 (1) (Palm oil)(2) (Palm olein)(3) (Palm stearin)(4) (Palm kernel oil)(5) (Palm kernel olein)(6) (Palm kernel stearin)

3 (1)

(2)

(3)

(3) 4 2(1)(2) (3)

(1) (Acid value) 10

1 0.6 1

(2) (Peroxide value) 10 1 --------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 1 56 (..2524) 1 ( 234) ..2544 56 (..2524) (118 .. 82 .( ) 22 ..2544) (2) 2 1 56 (..2524) 1 ( 184) ..2542 ( 2) (116 .. 41 . ( ) 25 ..2542)(3) 2 3 56 (..2524) 2 ( 234) ..2544 2544 56 (..2524) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

65

(3) (Gas Liquid Chromatography G L C)

(Lauric acid) 1.2 (Myristic acid) 0.5 5.9 (Palmitic acid) 32 59 (Palmitoleic acid) 0.6 (Stearic acid) 1.5 8.0 (Oleic acid) 27 52.0 (Linoleic acid) 5.0 14 (Linolenic acid) 1.5 (Arachidic acid) 1.0

(4) (Saponification value) 190 209 1

(5) (Iodine value, Wijs) () 50 - 56 () 55 () 48

(6) (Unsaponifiable matter) 1.2 (7) (Volatile matter) 105

0.2 (8) (Soap content) 0.005 (9)

(10) (Insoluble impurities) 0.05 (11) - 500

1 2,000 1

(12) (13) 3(3)

(3)(4)(5)(6)(9) (11)

5 2(4)(5) (6)

(1) (Acid value) 0.6 1

(2) (Peroxide value) 10 1

66

(3) (Gas Liquid Chromatography) G L C)

(Caproic acid) 0.5 (Caprylic acid) 2.4 6.2 (Capric acid) 2.6 7.0 (Lauric acid) 41 55 (Myristic acid) 14 20 (Palmitic acid) 6.5 11 (Stearic acid) 1.3 3.5 (Oleic acid) 10 23 (Linoleic acid) 0.7 5.4

(4) (Saponification value) 230 254 1

(5) (Iodine value, Wijs) 13 23

(6) (Unsaponifiable matter) 1 (7) (Volatile matter) 105 0.2

(8) (Soap content) 0.005 (9)

(10) (Insoluble impurities) 0.05 (11) (12) 3(3)

(3)(4)(5)(6) (9)

6 (Food additives) (Contaminants)

7 (4) 8

9

--------------------------------------------------------------

(4) 7 56 (..2524) 2 ( 184) ..2542 ( 2) (116 .. 41 . ( ) 25 ..2542)

67

10 56 (..2524) 20 ..2524 (5)

11 2 2 (5)

22 (..2522) 2(1)(2) (3) 2(4)(5) (6)

20 ..2524

(98 ..825 46 () 24 ..2524)

--------------------------------------------------------------

(5) 10 11 56 (..2524) 3 ( 234) ..2544 56 (..2524) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

68()

57 (..2524)

----------------------------------------------- 5 6 (1)(2)(4)(5)(7) (10)

..2522 1

(Cocos nucifera) (1) 2

(1)

(2)

(3)

(2) 3

(1) (Acid value) 4.0

1 0.6 1

(2) (Peroxide value) 10.0 1

(3) (Gas Liquid Chromatography G L C)

(Caproic acid) 1.2 (Caprylic acid) 3.4 15 (Capric acid) 3.2 15 (Lauric acid) 41 56 (Myristic acid) 13 23 (Palmitic acid) 4.2 12 (Stearic acid) 1.0 4.7 (Oleic acid) 3.4 12 (Linoleic acid) 0.9 3.7

(4) (Saponification value) 248 265 1 --------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 1 ( 57) ..2524 1 ( 235) ..2544 57 (..2524) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

(2) 2 2 ( 57) ..2524 2 ( 235) ..2544 57 (..2524) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

69(5) (Iodine value, Wijs) 6 11(6) (Unsaponifiable matter) 1.5 (7) (Volatile matter) 105 0.2

(8) (Soap content) 0.005 (9)

(10) (Insoluble impurities) 0.05 (11) (12) 2(3)

(3)(4)(5)(6) (9)

4 (Food additives) (Contaminants)

5 3 4 "" 1

6

7

8 57 (..2524) 20 ..2524 (3)

9 2 2 (3)

22 (..2522)

20 ..2524

(98 ..823 46 () 24 ..2524)--------------------------------------------------------------

(3) 8 9 ( 57) ..2524 3 ( 235) ..2544 57 (..2524) (118 .. 82 . ( ) 22 ..2544)

70()

61 (..2524)

-----------------------------------------------

5 6 (1)(2) (6) ..2522

1 (1) 20 (..2522)

13 ..2522

(2) 50 (..2523) 20 (..2522) 18 ..2523

2 (1) 3

(1) () 20 () () 5.0 () - 6.5 8.5

(2) () (Total Solid) 500.0 1 () 100.0

1 () 0.05 1 () 1.0 1 () 0.005 1 (2)() 250.0 1 () 0.05 1 () 1.0 1 () 0.3 1 (3)() 0.05 1 (3)() 0.05 1 () 0.002 1

-------------------------------------------------------------- (1) 2 ( 61) ..2524 1

( 284) ..2547 ( 5) (122 .. 9 ( ) 31 ..2548)

(2) () 3(2) ( 61) ..2524 1 135 (..2534) ( 2) (107 ..3041 61 () 2 ..2534)

71

() 4.0 1 () 0.001 1 () 0.01 1 () 0.05 1 () 250.0 1 () 5.0 1 () 1.5 1 () 0.2 1 (4) () (Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) 0.2 1 (4) () 0.1 1 (4)

(3) () 2.2 100

(Most Probable Number)() .()

4

(1)

(2) (1) (1) (2)

5

3(11) ( 194) ..2543 19 ..2543 (5)

20 (..2522) 13 2522 50 (..2523) 20 (..2522) 18 ..2523

7 ..2524

.

(98 .. 52 157 ( ) 24 ..2524)--------------------------------------------------------------

(4) () () () 3 (2) ( 61) ..2524 3 135 (..2534) ( 2) (107 ..3041 61 () 2 ..2534)(5) 5 ( 61) ..2524 1 ( 256) ..2545 ( 4) (119 .. 54 . ( ) 18 ..2545)

72

()

78 (..2527)

----------------------------------------------- 5 6(1)(2)(6)(7) (10)

..2522 1 19 (..2522)

13 ..2522

2 (1) 3

(1)

() 20 () () 5.0 () - 6.5 8.5

(2) () (Total Solid) 500.0 1 () 100.0

1 () 0.05 1 () 1.0 1 () 0.005 1 (2)() 250.0 1 () 0.05 1 () 1.0 1 () 0.3 1 (3)() 0.05 1 (3)() 0.05 1 () 0.002 1 () 4.0 1 () 0.001 1 () 0.01 1 () 0.05 1 () 250.0 1 () 5.0 1 --------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 2 78 ..2527 1 ( 285) ..2547 ( 4) (122 .. 9 . ( ) 31 ..2548) (2) () (2) 3 78 ..2527 1 137(..2534) (108 ..4914 94 28 ..2534) (3) () () (2) 3 78 ..2527 2 137 ( 2) (..2534) (108 ..4914 94 28 ..2534)

73

() 1.5 1 () 0.5 1 () 0.2 1 (4)() (Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) 0.2 1 (4)() 0.1 1 (4)

(3) () 2.2 100

(Most Probable Number)() . (Escherichia coli)()

4 3

5 3

6

7

8 3

5 6 7

9

10

11 3

(1) (2) (3)

12 3

(1) (2) (3)

(4)

(1)(2) (3)--------------------------------------------------------------

(4) ()() () (2) 3 78 ..2527 3 137 (..2534) (2) (108 ..4914 94 28 ..2534)

74

13 (5)(1) 3

5 ( 194) ..2543 19 ..2543 ( 252) ..2545 ( 2) 30 ..2545

(2)

(2.1) ()(2.2) (2.3) (2.4)

(2.5) (3)

(3.1) ()(3.2)

(3.3)

19 (..2522) 13 ..2522

16 ..2527

(101 ..9 23 ( ) 22 ..2527)--------------------------------------------------------------

(5) 13 78 ..2527 1 ( 254) ..2545 ( 3) (119 .. 54 . 18 ..2545)

75

()

83 (..2527)

----------------------------------------------- 5 6(3)(4)(5)(6) (10)

..2522 1 (chocolate) 2 1

(1) (cocoa nib) (cocoa mass) (cocoa presscake) (cocoa powder) (cocoa butter) / 9

() (1) 4

() (2) 4

() (3) 4

() (4) 4

() (5) 4

() (6) 4

() (7) 4

() (8) 4

() (9) 4

() (10) 4

() (11) 4

() (12) 4

76

() (13) 4

() (14) 4

(2) (1)() () 10

(3) (composite chocolate) (1)() () (2)

(4) (filled chocolate) (1)() () (2) (3)

(5) (white chocolate) (cocoa butter) / 9

3 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 2(5) (6) 2(1) 2(2) 2(5)(7)

() 0.5 1 2(1)() () 2

(2) 2(5)1 1 2(1)() 2(3)

2(4)()

15 1 2(1)() () 2(2) 2(5)

20 1 2(3) 2(4)30 1 2(1)()

() 1 1

2 1

77

4 2(1) 3

(Fat-FreeCocoa Solids)

(Total Cocoa

Solids)

()

(1) 50 58 () () () () () (2) 18 14 35 () () () (3) 31 2.5 35 () () () (4) 18 12 30 () () () (5) () 2.5 25 3.5 10.5 25 55(6) () 2.5 25 3.5 10.5 31 55(7) () 2.5 20 5 15 25 55(8) () 2.5 25 0.5 14 25 55(9) () 2.5 25 0.5 14 31 55(10) () 2.5 25 7 3 14 25 55(11) 12 14 32 () () () (12) 12 14 32 () () () (13) () 2.5 20 3.5 10.5 12 66(14) () 2.5 20 3.5 10.5 12 66

() () 9(2)()

5 2(2) 3 (1) (10) 4

(1) 1.5 0.5

(2)

6 2(3) 3 (1) (10) 4

(1) 2(1)() () 60 (2) (3)

() 40

() 30

()

7 2(4) 3 (1) (10) 4

(1) 2(1)() () 2(2) 2(3) 40

(2)

78

8 2(5) 3

(1) 20 (2) 3.5 (3) 10.5

(4) 55

9 2(1) 2(2) 2(5) (1) (2)

5 () 2(1)()()()()() ()() 2(5)

10 2

( 1 )

1. (emulsifier)

()

15,000 2(1) 2(2) 2(5)

() . 5,000

2(1) () ()

10,000

2(1) () () 2(5)

()

7,000 2(1) () () 2(5)

() 5,000 2(1) () () 2(5)

() 10,000 () 10,000 () (20)

10,000

() () 15,000

2. () 2(1) 2(2) 2(5)

() ()

79

11 2

12 2 68 (..2525) 29 2525 3 12 14

13 2

(1) (2)

(3) () () ()

(4)

(5)

(6) (7) 35

(3)(4)(6) (7) 14

15 2(1)

(1) 2(1)()(2) 2(1)()(3) 2(1)()

16 (dark couverture chocolate)

(4) 2(1)()

80

(5) 2(1)()(6) 2(1)()(7)

2(1)()(8) 2(1)()(9) 2(1)()

(10) 2(1)()(11) 2(1)()(12) 2(1)()(13) 2(1)()(14) 2(1)()

16 2(2)

(1) ()

(2) ()

17 2(3)

18 2(4) ..()

19 2(5) 20 2(1) 2(2) 2(3) 2(4) 15 16 17 18 ..% ( ) 5

21 (assorted chocolate)

22 2

23

24

81

25 (1)

(2)

15 ..2527

(101 ..1 184 ( ) 12 ..2527)

82

()

92 (..2528)

-----------------------------------------------

5 6(6) (9) ..2522

1 (1) 7 (..2522)

24 ..2522

(2) 8 (..2522) 24 ..2522

(3) 17 (..2522) 13 ..2522

2 (1)

(2)

(3)

3

(1) 25

(2) (1) 25

() 1.1 () 1.1

(3) 12

(4)

83

4 (1) (2)

7 8(3)

(4) (5)

5 (1) 6

4 (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) 13 ..1980 25.031 25.034 ..1983 66 3 610 619 2

7

8

19 ..2528

( 102 117 2 ..2528)

--------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 5 92 (..2528) 1 111 (..2531) (105 .. 2360 46 . 24 ..2531) ( 295)..2548 (123 .. 1 . ( ) 6 ..2549)

84 1

92 (..2528) ( 1 )

(

P

o

l

y

v

i

n

y

l

c

h

l

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r

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)

(

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t

h

y

l

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n

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p

r

o

p

y

l

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n

e

)

(

P

o

l

y

s

t

y

r

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n

e

)

(

P

o

l

y

v

i

n

y

l

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d

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n

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h

l

o

r

i

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)

(

P

o

l

y

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t

h

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t

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a

p

h

t

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)

(

M

e

l

a

m

i

n

e

)

() 100 100 100 100 100 - 20 - 20() 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -() - - - 100 - - - - -() (Dibutyltin Compound) 100 - - - - - - - -() (Cresyl phosphate) 1,000 - - - - - - - -() 1 - - - - - - - -() (Vinylidene Chloride) - - - 6 - - - - -() (Volatile substances) (Toluene) (Ethyl benzene) - - 5,000 - - - - - 1,500

(Isopropyl benzene) (n-propyl benzene) (Styrene) - - (2,000)** - - - - - -() (Phenol) - - - - - 30 - * -() (Formaldehyde) - - - - - 4 - * -() (Antimony) - - - - 0.05 - - - -() (Germanium) - - - - 0.1 - - - -() () 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1* -() (KMnO2 Reducing Substance) 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 10* 5() (- 5) 30 30 30 30 30 - 15 30* 15() 4 (-

5)30 30 30 30 30 30 15 30* 15

() 20 () 30 30 30 30 30 - 15 30* 15() (n-heptane) ( ) 150 150

(30)**240 30 30 - 15 30* 15

() - - - - - - 2 - 2() (Extracts by n-Hesane) - - - - - - 26,000 - -() - - - - - - 113,000 - - * - ( )** 100

85

2 92 (..2528)

()

()

7 0.7 5.0 0.5 2.5 0.25 2.5 0.25 5.0 0.5

86()

98 (..2529)

-----------------------------------------------

5 6(3) ..2522

1 80 (..2527) 17 ..2527

2

3

4

(1) () 250 1 () 100 1 () 20 1 () 1 1

() (Inorganic Arsenic) 2 1

(Total Arsenic) 2 1 (1)

() 0.5 1 0.02 1

(2) 20 1 (3)

5

21 ..2529

( 103 23 16 ..2529)--------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 4(1)() 4 ( 98) ... 2529 1 ( 273) ..2546 ( 2) (120 .. 77 . 16 ..2546)

87

()

100 (..2529)

----------------------------------------------- 5 6(10) ..2522

1 2

10 20

3 68 (..2525) 29 ..2525 3

4

(1) (2) ()(3) (4)

(5)

(6) () ()

88

(7) (8) ""

"" ""

(9) ()(10) ()(11) ()(12) "" "" (13) "" "" "" "" "" (14) "" (15) "" 5

5 (1)

(2)

10 ..2529

( 103 81 13 ..2529)

89

()

102 (..2529) -----------------------------------------------

26 2529

5 6(3) ..2522

1

2 1 -137(Cs-137)

(1) 7 (Bq/L)(2) 21 (Bq/Kg)(3) 6 (Bq/Kg)

3 1 -137 (Cs-137) (1)

(1) (2)

18 ..2529

(103 ..41 203 ( ) 19 ..2529)--------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 3 ( 102) ..2529 1 116 (..2531) ( 2) (105 ..5 240 31 ..2531)

90

()

113 (..2531)

-----------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2)(4)(5) (10)

..2522 1 2

(1) 98 (2) 1 105 (3) () 10 1 (4) 30 1 (5) (Cyclohexylamine) 100 1

3

4

7 ..2531

(105 ..3869 80 17 ..2531)

91

()

116 (..2531) ( 2)

------------------------------------------

5 6(3) ..2522

1 3 102 (..2529)

18 ..2529 " 3 1

-137 (Cs-137)

(1) (2)

"

22 ..2531

(105 ..5 240 31 ..2531)

92

()

117 (..2532)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(6) ..2522

1

2 (1) (2) (3)

1

(4) 3

(1) (2) (3)

1

(4) 2

4

15 ..2532

(106 ..1541 32 () 28 ..2532)

93

1 117 (..2532)

1

( 1 )

() 20() 20 2

( 1

)() () 1() 5() (

- 5)15

() (- 5)

15

94

2 117 (..2532)

1

( 1 )() 10() 10() 0.01 2

( 1 )

() 5() 4() 1() () 1() 40(106 ..1541 32 28 ..2532)

95

()

121 (..2532)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6) (10)

..2522 1

90 (..2528)

2 2

(1) 1 1

(2) () ()

62 (..2524) 7 ..2524

3 2 (1) (2) 8 (3) (4) (5) (6)

96

4 2(1) 3

(1) 200-400 (836-1672 ) 1 (2) 20 50

(3)

() (Protein Efficiency Ratio, PER) 85

() (Essential amino acid)

(4) 30 3

(5) / (Sugaralcohol) 30

(6) 1,000 (4,180 ) () 5,000 -

(-carotine) () 30 () 60 () 1 1.5 () 2 1.7 () 20 () 6 2 () 12 6 () 0.4 () 0.3 () 10

(7) 1,000 (4,180 ) () 1 () 1

97

() 18 () 150 () 400 () 2 () 15 () 1.2 () 2 () 1

5 2(2)() 3

(1) (2) 66 2/3 (3)

6 2(2)() 3

(1) 40 (167.2 )

(Specified serving)(2)

7 2 3

8

9

68 (..2525) 29 ..2525 95 (..2528) ( 2) 30 ..2528

10 2(1)

(1) "" 3

98

(2) "" 5

(3) ""(4) (non nutritive

ingredient)(5) 1 (6) " 800 (3,344 )"(7)

11 2(2)()

(1) "" 3

(2) "" 5

(3) "" 5

(4) ""(5) (6) (7)

12 2(2)()

(1) "" 3

(2) "" 5

(3) "" 5

99

(4) ""(5) (6) (7)

13 2

(1) "" 3

(2) ""(3) (4)

23 ..2532

(106 ..29 103 1 ..2532)

100

()

135 (..2534) ( 2)

------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2) (6)

..2522 1 () (2) 3 61

(..2524) 7 ..2524

"() 0.005 1 " 2 () () (2) 3

61 (..2524) 7 ..2524

"() 0.3 1 () 0.05 1 "

3 () () () (2) 3 61 (..2524) 7 ..2524

"() 0.2 1 () (Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) 0.2 1 () 0.1 1 "

4 61 (..2524) 7 ..2524

26 ..2534

(107 ..3041 61 () 2 ..2534)

101

()

137 (..2534) ( 2)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(1)(2)(6)(7) (10)

..2522 1 () (2) 3 78

(..2527) 16 ..2527 "() 0.005 1 "

2 () () (2) 3 78 (..2527) 16 ..2527

"() 0.3 1 () 0.05 1 "

3 () () () (2) 3 78 (..2527) 16 ..2527

"() 0.2 1 () (Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) 0.2 1 () 0.1 1 "

4 78 (..2527) 16 ..2527

23 ..2534

(108 ..4914 94 28 ..2534)

102()

144 (..2535)

------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7)(9) (10)

..2522 1 69 (..2525)

4 ..2525 2 3

(1)

(2) (laminate)

4 2 (1) (2) (3) (4)

(4.1) 250 1 100 1 20 1 1 1

2 1 0.5 1

0.02 1 (4.2)

1 1

2 1 0.5 1

0.02 1 5 3(1)

4

(cured meat product)

103 6 3(1) - 4.6

(Water activity) 0.85 4 5 (1)

7 3(1) - 4.6 3(2) 4 5 (1)

(1) 37 55

(1.1) 1,000 1 3(1)(1.2) 10,000 1 3(2)

(2) 100 1 (3) 3 1

(Most Probable Number) 7/1 3(1) -

4.6 (Water activity) 0.85 (2)(1) (Scheduled process)

F0 (Sterilizing value) 3 (Clostridium botulinum) (Heat distribution) (Heat penetration)

(2) - 4.6- (Equilibrium pH)

8 2 (1) (2) (3)

(4) (5)

9 2 (drained weight)

(Association of Official Analytical Chemists) 13

9/1 (3)--------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 6 7 ( 144) ..2535 1 ( 301) ..2549 (4) (111 .. 111 . 18 ..2549)

(2) 7/1 ( 144) ..2535 2 ( 301) ..2549 (4) (111 .. 111 . 18 ..2549)

(3) 9/1 ( 144) ..2535 3 ( 301) ..2549 (4) (111 .. 111 . 18 ..2549)

104 10

(4)

3(5) ( 194) ..2543 19 ..2543 ( 252) ..2545 ( 2) 30 ..2545

11 (5)11.1 11.2 3(2)

12

69 (..2525) 4 ..2525

2 ..2535

(109 ..9713 112 8 ..2535)

1. 60

2. 40 1. 60

2. 503. 404. 655. 606. 50

1. 602. 503. 501. 502. 65

3. 604. 905. 806. 757. / 55

--------------------------------------------------------------

(4) 10 ( 144) ..2535 1 ( 253) ..2545 (3) (119 .. 54 . 18 ..2545) (5) 11 ( 144) ..2535 3 ( 179) ..2540 ( 2) (114 .. 102 . 23 ..2540)

105

()

150 (..2536)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(3)(4)(5)(6) (10)

..2522 1 2 3

3.1 100 3.1.1 1 () 0.4 3.1.2 2 () 0.3 3.1.3 () 3.7

3.2 15 3.3

4 3.1

5

6 6.1 68 (..2525)

29 ..2525 95 (..2528) ( 2) 30 ..2528 3

6.2

6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 100

() () () ()

106

() 3.1

() 6.2.6 ""

""6.2.7 ""

"" ""

6.2.8 ""

7 8

3 ..2536

(110 ..18 210 15 ..2536)

107()

151 (..2536)

------------------------------------------

5 6(5) ..2522

1

1.1 4 (..2522) 24 ..2522

1.2 93 (..2528) ( 2) 25 ..2528

1.3 106 (..2530) ( 3) 24 ..2530

1.4 123 (..2532) ( 4) 15 ..2532

2 2.1 (Brominated vegetable oil)2.2 (Salicylic acid)2.3 (Boric acid)2.4 (Borax)2.5 (Calcium iodate and Potassium

iodate)

2.6 (Nitrofurazone)2.7 (Potassium chlorate)2.8 (Formaldehyde) (Formaldehyde

Solution) (Paraformaldehyde)2.9 (Coumarin) 1,2- (1,2-Benzopyrone) 5,6--

- (5,6-Benzo--pyrone) -- (cis-o-coumaric acid anhydride) - (O-Hydroxycinnamic acid, lactone)

2.10 (Dihydrocoumarin) (Benzodihydropyrone) 3,4- (3,4-Dihydrocoumarin) (Hydrocoumarin)

2.11 (Methyl alcohol) (Methanol) (Food processing aids) (1)

2.12 (Diethylene Glycol) -(Dihydroxydiethyl ether) (diglycol) 2,2-- (2,2-oxybis-ethanol) 2,2- (2,2-Oxydiethanol)

28 ..2536

( 111 9 . 4 ..2537)--------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 1 151 (..2536) 1 ( 247) ..2544 2 (118 .. 121 .( ) 6 ..2544)

108

()

153 (..2537)

------------------------------------------ (Iodine) 5 6(3)(4) (10)

..2522 1 2

3 30 1 4

68 (..2525) 29 ..2525 95 (..2528) ( 2) 30 ..2528

4.1 4.2 4.3 "" 4.4 ""

4.5 4.6 ""

5

6

2 ..2537

( 111 15 . 18 ..2537)

109()

156 (..2537)

------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) (10)

..2522 1 85 (..2528)

10 ..2528 87 (..2528) 10 ..2528

2

3

3.1 12

3.2 6 12 1 3

4

4.1 60 4.2

4.3 5

4.4

4.5 7

4.6 4.7 (1)

()

() --------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 4 (4.7) ( 156) ..2537 1 ( 286) ..2547 ( 2) (122 .. 9 .( ) 31 ..2548)

1104.8 4.9

4.10 4.11

4.12 . (Escherichia coli)

0.1 0.1 4.13

0.1 4.14

0.1 4.15 10,000

1 4.16

5 3.1 4

5.1 272 (65 ) 293

(70 ) 100

5.2 418 (100 )

5.2.1 (Reference Protein) 1.8 4.0 (Essential amino acid) (L-form amino acid)

5.2.2 (Lactose) 50

5.2.3 3.3 6.0 300 20 1 418 (100 )

5.2.4 () 75 150

() 40 80 () 1 4 () (-) 0.7

0.7 1

111() 1 () 40 () 2 () 60 () ( ) 250 () 6 35 15

1 1.8 418 (100 )

() 4 () 300 () 12 () 0.15 () 1.5 () 7 () () 8

5.2.5 () 20 60 () 80 200 () 55 150 () 50 () 25

1.2 2.0() 6 () 0.15 3.0 () 5 75 () 60 ( ) 0.5 () 5

6 3.2 4

6.1 251 (60 ) 356 (85 ) 100

6.2 418 (100 )

6.2.1 3.0 5.5

6.2.2 3.0 6.0 300 20 1 418 (100 )

112

6.2.3 () 75 225

() 40 120 () (-) 0.7

0.7 1 () 1 4 () 1 () 40 () 2 () 60 () ( ) 250 () 6 45 15

1 3.0 418 (100 )

() 4 () 300 () 12 () 0.15 () 1.5 () () 8

6.2.4 () 20 85 () 80 () 55 () 90 () 60

1.0 2.0() 6 () 1 2 () 5 () 0.5

7

(1) (2) (3)

113

8

9

10

11

11.1 68 (..2525) 29 ..2525 95 (..2528) ( 2) 30 ..2528 3

11.2

11.2.1 11.2.2

11.2.3

11.2.4 () () ()

11.2.5

100 ( 100 ) 100

() () () () () () 5.2.4 6.2.3

() 5.2.5 6.2.4

114

11.2.6 "" "" ""

11.2.7 "" 11.2.8 11.2.9 ()

11.2.10 (2)() -

-

- 3

() ()

2 (3)

11.2.11

() " 6 " 5

() "" """" "" ""

() 2 (4)

11.2.12 --------------------------------------------------------------

(2) 11(11.2.10)() ( 156) ..2537 1 ( 307) ..2550 ( 3) (124 .. 188 .( ) 3 ..2550)

(3) 11(11.2.10)() ( 156) ..2537 2 ( 286) ..2547 ( 2)(122 .. 9 .( ) 31 ..2548)

(4) 11(11.2.11)() ( 156) ..2537 2 ( 286) ..2547 ( 2) (122 .. 9 . ( ) 31 ..2548)

115

85 (..2528) 10 ..2528 87 (..2528) 10 ..2528

14 ..2537

( 111 54 . 16 ..2537)

116

()

157 (..2537)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) (10)

..2522 1 86 (..2528)

10 ..2528 2 3

3.1 12

3.2 6 12 1 3

4

4.1

4.2 5

4.3

4.4 7

4.5 4.6 (1)

()

() --------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 4(4.6) ( 157) ..2537 1 ( 287) ..2547 ( 3) (122 .. 9 .() 31 ..2548)

117

4.7 4.8

4.9 4.10

4.11 . (Escherichia coli)

0.1 0.1 4.12

0.1 4.13

0.1 4.14 10,000

1 4.15

5 3.1 4

5.1 272 (65 ) 293

(70 ) 100

5.2 418 (100 )

5.2.1 (2) ()

1.8 4.0 ()

(Protein Efficiency Ratio, PER) 85

(Essential amino acid) (L-form amino acid) --------------------------------------------------------------

(2) 5(5.2.1) ( 157) ..2537 1 ( 171) ..2539 ( 2) (113 .. 16 .() 22 ..2539)

118

5.2.2 3.3 6.0 300 20 1 418 (100 )

5.2.3 () 75 150

() 40 80 () 1 4 () (-) 0.7

0.7 1 () 1 () 40 () 2 () 60 () ( ) 250 () 6 35 15

1 1.8 418 (100 )() 4 () 300 () 12 () 0.15 () 1.5 () 7 () () 8

5.2.4 () 20 60 () 80 200 () 55 150 () 50 () 25

1.2 2.0() 6 () 0.15 3.0 () 5 75 () 60 ( ) 0.5 () 5

119 6 3.2

4 6.1 251 (60 ) 356

(85 ) 100

6.2 418 (100 )

6.2.1 (3)()

3.0 5.5 ()

85

6.2.2 3.0 6.0 300 20 1 418 (100 )

6.2.3 () 75 225

() 40 120 () (-) 0.7

0.7 1 () 1 4 () 1 () 40 () 2 () 60 () ( ) 250 () 6 45 15

1 3.0 418 (100 )

() 4 () 300 () 12 () 0.15 () 1.5 () () 8

--------------------------------------------------------------

(3) 6(6.2.1) ( 157) ..2537 2 ( 171) ..2539 ( 2) (113 .. 16 .( ) 22 ..2539)

1206.2.4

() 20 85 () 80 () 55 () 90 () 60

1.0 2.0

() 6 () 1 2 () 5 () 0.5

7

(1) (2) (3)

8

9

10

11

11.1 68 (..2525) 29 ..2525 95 (..2528) ( 2) 30 ..2528 3

11.2

11.2.1 11.2.2

11.2.3

12111.2.4

() () ()

11.2.5

100 ( 100 ) 100

() () () () () () 5.2.3 6.2.3

() 5.2.4 6.2.4

11.2.6 ""

"" ""

11.2.7 "" 11.2.8 11.2.9 ()

11.2.10 () (4)

-

-

- 3

() ()

2 (5)--------------------------------------------------------------

(4) 11(11.2.10)() ( 157) ..2537 1 ( 308) ..2550 ( 4) (124 .. 188 .( ) 3 ..2550)

(5) 11(11.2.10)() ( 157) ..2537 2 ( 287) ..2547 ( 3) (122 .. 9 .( ) 31 ..2548)

12211.2.11

() " 6 " 5

() "" """" "" ""

() 2 (6)

11.2.12

86 (..2528) 10 ..2528 87 (..2528) 10 ..2528

14 ..2537

( 111 54 . 16 ..2537)

-------------------------------------------------------------- (6) 11(11.2.11)() ( 157) ..2537 2

( 287) ..2547 ( 3) (122 .. 9 .( ) 31 ..2548)

123

()

158 (..2537)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) (10)

..2522 1 2

6 12 1 3 6

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.5

3 3.1 3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.3

3.4 3.4.1 5

3.4.2 8

3.5

124

3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

3.10 3.11

3.12 . (Escherichia coli) 0.1

0.1 3.13

0.1 3.14

0.1 3.15 50,000

1 100,000 1

3.16

3.17 200 100

4

4.1 4.2 4.3

5

6

7

125

8 8.1 68 (..2525)

29 ..2525 95 (..2528) ( 2) 30 ..2528 3

8.2

8.2.1 8.2.2

8.2.3

8.2.4 () () ()

8.2.5

100 ( 100 ) 1

() () () () () ()

8.2.6 "" "" ""

8.2.7 "" 8.2.8 8.2.9 ()

8.2.10 "" "" "" "" ""

8.2.11 " 6 " 5

8.2.12

126

87 (..2528) 10 ..2528

14 ..2537

( 111 54 . 16 ..2537)

127

()

( 167) ..2538

------------------------------------------

5 ..2522

85 (..2528) 10 ..2528 87 (..2528) 10 ..2528 156 (.. 2537) 14 ..2537 30 ..2539

12 ..2538

( 113 11 . 6 ..2539)

128

()

( 168) ..2538

------------------------------------------

5 ..2522

86 (..2528) 10 ..2528 87 (..2528) 10 ..2528 157 (..2537) 14 ..2537 30 ..2539

12 ..2538

( 113 11 . 6 ..2539)

129

()

( 169) ..2538

------------------------------------------

5 ..2522

87 (..2528) 10 ..2528 158 (..2537) 14 ..2537 30 ..2539

12 ..2538

( 113 11 . 6 ..2539)

130

()

( 171) ..2539 ( 2)

------------------------------------------

5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) (10)

..2522 1 5.2.1 157 (..2537)

14 ..2537

"5.2.1 ()

1.8 4.0 ()

(Protein Efficiency Ratio, PER) 85

(Essential amino acid) (L-form amino acid)

2 6.2.1 157 (..2537) 14 ..2537

"6.2.1 ()

3.0 5.5

131

() 85

"

23 ..2539

( 113 16 . 22 ..2539)

132

()

174 (..2539)

------------------------------------------

5 6(8) ..2522

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

31 ..2539

( 113 103 . 24 ..2539)

133

()

( 179) ..2540) ( 2)

------------------------------------------ 5 6(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7)(9) (10)

..2522 11 144 (..2535)

2 ..2535 11

11.1 11.2 3(2)

12 ..2540

( 114 102 . 23 ..2540)

134

()

( 182 ) ..2541

------------------------------------------

5 6(10) ..2522

1

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2

3

3 1

4

4.1 1 : 4.2 2 :

135

4.3 3 :

4.4 4 : 5

5.1

5.2

5.3 6

6.1

6.2

20 ..2541

( 115 47 . 11 ..2541)

136 1

( 182) ..2541

1. 1.1

(1) 1

:..(...) : ...

2 1

( .. )

2

* .. . ..% .. . ..% .. . ..% .. . .. . ..% .. . ..% .. . .. . ..%

3

* ..% 1 ..% 2 ..% ..% ..%

* 6 (Thai RDI) 2,000

2,000

3

65 . 20 . 300 . 300 . 25 . 2,400 .

() : = 9 ; = 4 ; = 4 1. 2. 100 . 100 .

137(2) 250

* * : .(...) .. . ..% 6 (Thai RDI) . : .. . ..% .. . ..% 2,000 .. . ( .. ) .. . ..% 2,000 .. . ..% .. . 65 . .. . ..% 20 . 300 . * 300 . 25 . ..% 1 .. % 2 ..% 2,400 . ..% ..% () : = 9 ; =4 ; =4

1. 2.

100 . 100 .

138 (3) 250

* : .(...) . : . .. . ..% .. . ..% .. . ..% ( .. ) .. . .. . ..%* .. . ..% 6 (Thai RDI) .. . 2,000 .. . ..%

* ..% 1 .. % 2 ..% ..% ..%

1. 2.

100 . 100 .

139

(4) 80

: .. (); .. : ... : . ; . ; . (..%)*; . . (..%)*; . .(..%)*; . .; . (..%)*; . . (..%)*; . .; . . (..%)*; (..%)*; 1 (..%)*; 2(..%)*; (..%)*; (..%)* * 6 (Thai RDI) 2,000

1. 2.

100 . 100 .

140

1.2 2

8 15 2.5

(1)

: .() :

..

* .. . . % .. . .. . . % ..... . .. . . %

* 6 (Thai RDI) 2,000

1. 2. 100 . 100 .

141

(2)

* : .(...) .. . ..% . : . .. . .. . ..% .. .* .. . ..% 6 (Thai RDI) 2,000

1. 2.

100 . 100 .

142

(3) 80

: .. (.); : .. : . ; . .(..%)*; . .; . . (..%)*; . .; .. (..%)* * 6 (Thai RDI) 2,000

1. 2.

100 . 100 .

143

1.3 (1) /

1.1

: .(...) . : .. .. ( ) .. ..

* .. . ..% ..% .. . ..% ..% .. . ..% ..% .. . .. . ..% ..% .. . ..% ..% .. . .. . ..% ..% ..% ..% 1 ..% ..% 2 ..% ..% ..% ..% ..% ..%* 6 (Thai RDI) 2,000 2,000 65 . 20 . 300 . 300 . 25 . 2,400 . () : = 9 ; = 4 ; = 4

1. 2. 100 . 100 .

3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1) 1.3 1 1 ( 182) .. 2541 ( 219) ..2544 ( 2) (118 .. 70 .( ) 26 ..2544)

1442.

2.1

2.2 2.5

2.3 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 *

*

2 * * *** * * *

3 * 1* 2***

6 (Thai RDI) Thai RDI

* 2.4

2.3

1452.5

* **

**

,

< 5< 50> 50

0 5 10

< 5

,

< 0.5< 5> 5

0 0.5 1

< 0.5

< 22-5> 5

0 5 5

< 2

,,

< 0.5< 1> 1

0 1 1

< 1 ( < 0.5 )

< 55-140> 140

0 5 10

< 5

, ()

() < 2< 10

> 10-50> 50

0 2 2 5 10

< 2

* 100 . 100 .

** 6 (Thai Recommended Daily Intakes-Thai RDI) >

146

1. Codex Alimentarius. 1993. Codex Guidelines on Nutrition Labelling CAC/GL2-1985 (Rev.1-1993)

2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1995. Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFRpart 101 : Food Labeling.

147

2 ( 182) ..2541

1. 1

2.

3. 7

3.1 (Dairy products)3.2 () (Beverages)3.3 (Snack food and desserts)3.4 (Semi- processed foods)3.5 (Bakery products)3.6 (Cereals and grain products)3.7 (Miscellaneous)

147 3.1 (Dairy products)

1. 200 .2. () (condensed, evaporated, undiluted) 15 .3. (sweetened, condensed) 20 .4. 150 .5. 150 .6. 80 .7. () 15 .8. () 3 .9. 30 .10. (half & half) 30 .11. 30 .12. 110 .13. 55 .14. 5 .15. 30 .

3.2 () (Beverages)

1. 2. 200 .3. ()4.

148

3.3 (Snack food and desserts)

1.

extruded snack 30 .

2. ( ) 30 .3. 40 .4. 140 .5. 80 .6. 20 .7.

80 .

8. 80 .9. 80 .10. 6 .11. 3 .12. (Grain-based

bars) Granola bars,rice cereal bars

40 .

3.4 (Semi-processed food)

1. 50 .2. 50 .

149

3.5 (Bakery products)

1. (Bread) 50 .2. 30 .3. 30 .4.

- 35%

80 .

-

55 .

5. 55 .6. 30 .7. 15 .8. 110 .9. 85 .10. 55 .

3.6 (Cereals and grain products)

1. (Breakfast cereal) ()- 20 1 15 .- 20 43 1 30 .- 43 1 55 .

2. (Bran) (Wheat germ) 15 .3.

Cornmeal30 .

4. 10 .5. ( ) 55 . ()

140 . ()25 . ()

6. 50 . ()130 . ()

150

3.7 (Miscellaneous)

1.

retort pouch- () 55 .- 85 .-

25 .

-

85 .

- 15 .- ()

130 .

- 130 .- () 140 .- 200 .- 40 .- 80 .

2. 15 .3. : 2 : 1

40 .

4. 55 .5. 20 .6. 55 .7. () 20 .8. () 30 .9. 30 .10. 1 .11. 15 .12. 30 .13. 1 .

151

14. (entre sauce)

- 125 .- 30 .- 30 .- 50 .

15. - 1 .-

1 .

- 1 .- 1 .

16. 1 .17. 30 .18. 4 .19. ( ) 1 .

4. 4.1

(1) . () . () : 1 (250 .) . . : 2 (46 ) : 1/2 (80 )

(2) 1 : 1 (200 )

(3) ( 1,000 .) 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/8 : 1/8 (60 )

(4)

152

- 1 50%

- 1 50% 200% 1 1 1

- 1 200% 1 1 1 1 4.1 (3)

(5) 4 4

(6) (drained solid)

4.2 - 1/4 1/3

2 . 1/4 . : 1 3 . (255 )

- 1 . 1 . .

- 1-2 . 1 1 1/3 1 1/2 2/3 2 . - 1 . 1/4 .

2.5 . ( 2 3 .) 3 . 2 .

1 = 14 . () 16 . ()1 . = 3 .

4.3 (1) . () .3 ()

(2)

- 5 - 15.5 . 15 . 15.5 . 16 .

- 2-5 - 0.5 2.3 2.5 2.1 2

- 2 - 0.1(3) 1

153

4.4 4.1 4.2 4.3

(1) - 2-5

0.5 2 2.5 3 ..- 5 6 7 8 ..

7.5 7 3.6

3.5 3.5(2) 50%

1(3) 150% 200%

100 . ( 100 .) 1 2 - 150 . 250 . 1 2

4.5

: 1 (200 .) : 1

100 . 100 .

154

5. 1 75

1. 30

2. 30 . 64

3. : 64 (30 )

4. 75 30

75 / 30 = 2.5 2.5

5. : 64 (30 ) : 2.5

- 2 3.3 1

- . . ( 2 4.1(1) 4.1(4))

- 2-5 0.5 ( 2 4.4(1))

2 700

1. 1 .

2. 1 . 15 .

3. : 1 . (15 .)

4. 700 . 15 .

700 / 15 = 46.6 47

5. : 1 . (15 .) : 47

- 2 3.7 15

- 5 ( 2 4.4(1))

156 3

( 182) ..2541

6 (THAI RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKES-THAI RDI)

(Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Healthy Thais) RDA ..2532 RDA 17 8

6 (Thai Recommended Daily Intakes Thai RDI) Thai RDI (healthy)

157

5

6 (Thai RDI) (Nutrition Labeling) Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Healthy Thais (Thai RDA) 20-29 2 , Daily Values (DV), Daily Reference Values (DRV), Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) ( US RDA ) United States Food and Drug Administration Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) Codex 2,000 () 2,000 (physical activity level) (No.)

(Nutrient)

(Thai RDI)

(Unit)

1. (Total Fat) 65* (g)2. (Saturated Fat) 20* (g)3. (Cholesterol) 300 (mg)4. (Protein) 50* (g)5.

(Total Carbohydrate) 300* (g)

6. (Dietary Fiber) 25 (g)7. (Vitamin A) 800

(g RE)8. 1 (Thiamin) 1.5 (mg)9. 2 (Riboflavin) 1.7 (mg)

10. (Niacin) 20 (mg NE)

11. 6 (Vitamin B6) 2 (mg)

158

(No.)

(Nutrient)

(Thai RDI)

(Unit)

12. (Folate) 200 (g)13. (Biotin) 150 (g)14. (Pantothenic Acid) 6 (mg)15. 12 (Vitamin B12) 2 (g)16. (Vitamin C) 60 (mg)17. (Vitamin D) 5 (g)18. (Vitamin E) 10 -

(mg-TE)19. (Vitamin K) 80 (g)20. (Calcium) 800 (mg)21. (Phosphorus) 800 (mg)22. (Iron) 15 (mg)23. (Iodine) 150 (g)24. (Magnesium) 350 (mg)25. (Zinc) 15 (mg)26. (Copper) 2 (mg)27. (Potassium) 3,500 (mg)28. (Sodium) 2,400 (mg)29. (Manganese) 3.5 (mg)30. (Selenium) 70 (g)31. (Fluoride) 2 (mg)32. (Molybdenum) 160 (g)33. (Chromium) 130 (g)34. (Chloride) 3,400 (mg)

* 30, 10, 10 60 2,000

( 1 9 , 1 4 , 1 4 )

159

1. 10 2.

2.1 RE = Retinol equivalent 1 RE = 1 g retinol = 6 g -carotene = 3.33 IU

2.2 NE = Niacin equivalent 1 NE = 1 mg niacin = 60 mg tryptophan

2.3 -TE = -Tocopherol equivalent 1 -TE = 1 mg D--tocopherol = 1.5 IU

2.4 cholecalciferol 1 g = 40 IU

1. . 2532.

2. Codex Alimentarius. 1993. Codex Guidelines on Nutrition Labelling CAC/GL 2-1985 (Rev.1-1993) 3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration . 1995. Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR part 101 : Food Labeling.

156 3

( 182) ..2541

6 (THAI RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKES-THAI RDI)

(Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Healthy Thais) RDA ..2532 RDA 17 8

6 (Thai Recommended Daily Intakes Thai RDI) Thai RDI (healthy)

157

5

6 (Thai RDI) (Nutrition Labeling) Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Healthy Thais (Thai RDA) 20-29 2 , Daily Values (DV), Daily Reference Values (DRV), Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) ( US RDA ) United States Food and Drug Administration Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) Codex 2,000 () 2,000 (physical activity level) (No.)

(Nutrient)

(Thai RDI)

(Unit)

1. (Total Fat) 65* (g)2. (Saturated Fat) 20* (g)3. (Cholesterol) 300 (mg)4. (Protein) 50* (g)5.

(Total Carbohydrate) 300* (g)

6. (Dietary Fiber) 25 (g)7. (Vitamin A) 800

(g RE)8. 1 (Thiamin) 1.5 (mg)9. 2 (Riboflavin) 1.7 (mg)

10. (Niacin) 20 (mg NE)

11. 6 (Vitamin B6) 2 (mg)

158

(No.)

(Nutrient)

(Thai RDI)

(Unit)

12. (Folate) 200 (g)13. (Biotin) 150 (g)14. (Pantothenic Acid) 6 (mg)15. 12 (Vitamin B12) 2 (g)16. (Vitamin C) 60 (mg)17. (Vitamin D) 5 (g)18. (Vitamin E) 10 -

(mg-TE)19. (Vitamin K) 80 (g)20. (Calcium) 800 (mg)21. (Phosphorus) 800 (mg)22. (Iron) 15 (mg)23. (Iodine) 150 (g)24. (Magnesium) 350 (mg)25. (Zinc) 15 (mg)26. (Copper) 2 (mg)27. (Potassium) 3,500 (mg)28. (Sodium) 2,400 (mg)29. (Manganese) 3.5 (mg)30. (Selenium) 70 (g)31. (Fluoride) 2 (mg)32. (Molybdenum) 160 (g)33. (Chromium) 130 (g)34. (Chloride) 3,400 (mg)

* 30, 10, 10 60 2,000

( 1 9 , 1 4 , 1 4 )

159

1. 10 2.

2.1 RE = Retinol equivalent 1 RE = 1 g retinol = 6 g -carotene = 3.33 IU

2.2 NE = Niacin equivalent 1 NE = 1 mg niacin = 60 mg tryptophan

2.3 -TE = -Tocopherol equivalent 1 -TE = 1 mg D--tocopherol = 1.5 IU

2.4 cholecalciferol 1 g = 40 IU

1. . 2532.

2. Codex Alimentarius. 1993. Codex Guidelines on Nutrition Labelling CAC/GL 2-1985 (Rev.1-1993) 3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration . 1995. Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR part 101 : Food Labeling.

160

4 ( 182) ..2541

1. (Nutrition claim) 3 (Nutrient content claim) (Comparative claim) (Nutrient function claim)

1.1 (Nutrient content claim) (level) (source of calcium) (high in fiber and low in fat)

1.2 (Comparative claim) (less than fewer) (more than) (reduced) (lite, light) (added, fortified, enriched)

(1) (2)

161

50% , 200 . 30 . 400 . 30 .

1.3 (Nutrient function claim)

(1) 6 (Thai RDI) 3

(2) 100 100

(3) 1.3 (1)

(4) (5)

1 12

162

2. 2.1

1.1 1.2 2 1

2 1

30 2 1 50 ( 50 200 )

2 1 100 100 2

2.2 1 2

1 2.1 ( 50 30 2 )

13 4 60 360

2 2.1 100

100 13 4 60 360

163

14 200

2.3 ( healthy, healthful,healthiness, health)

(1) (low fat) (low saturated fat) 1 2

(2) 100 ( 100 ) 1 2 2.1

360 60 1 2

10 Thai RDI

1 2 2.4

200 . 30

3. 1 180

100 . 1.83 . 0.70 . 0 . 36.44 .

1. 150 . - 2 3.1 5

2. : 1 (180 .) - 1 1 ( 2 4.1(2))

164 100 . 1.83 . 0.70 . 0 . 36.44 .

3.

- ( 4 1.1)

4. 4.1

= (1.83/100) x 150 = 2.7 3.0

- 2.1 1 4 1 - 1 2.5 3

4.2 = (1.83/100) x 180 = 3.3 3.5

- 1 2.5 3

- 3 ( 4 1)

2 1 150 ()

1. 3

2.

(1.83/100) x 150 = 2.7 3.0 (0.70/100) x 150 = 1.05 1.0 (0/100) x 150 = 0 (36.44/100) x 150 = 54.66 55

2

- 4 2.2

- 13 - 4 - 60 - 360 - 1 2.5

165

3 75 100 . 32.14 . 12.99 . 0 . 981.5 . 70.5 . 3.0 .

1. 30 . - 2 3.3 12. 50

- 30 . 2 . 50 . ( 4 2.1 1)

2.1 (70.5/100) x 50 = 35.25 Thai RDI (35.25/800) x 100 = 4.41 % 4 %

-Thai RDI 800 ( 3 20 )- 1 2.5- 10 Thai RDI

2.2 (3.0/100) x 50 = 1.5 Thai RDI (1.5/15) x 100 = 10 %

-Thai RDI 15 ( 3 22 )- 10 Thai RDI

3. 50

(32.14/100) x 50 = 16.07 16 (12.99/100) x 50 = 6.495 6 (0/100) x 50 = 0 (981.5/100) x 50 = 490.75 490

- 4 2.2 50 30 - 13 - 4 - 60 - 360 - 1 2.5

16 .

6 . 490 .

50 .4.

4.1 United States Food And Drug Administration. 1997. Code of FederalRegulations 21 CFR Part 101 Subpart D : Specific Requirements for Nutrient Content Claims.

4.2 Codex Alimentarius. 1997. Guidelines for Use of Nutrition Claims.

166 1

( 2.1 1 )/

(

) *

, (free, without,

free of, no, zero)

5

(low, few, low

source of, low in)

40

1.

2. 1.1 2.2

,

(reduced, reducedin, less, fewer,lower, lower in)

25

1. 2. 1.2 2.2

(light, lite)

1. 50 ( 50 )2. 1/3 ( 50 )

1. 2. 1.2 2.2 3. 40 3

167/

(

) *

, (free, without,

free of, no, zero,nonfat)

0.5 1. - 2. 3. 1.1 2.2

(low, low in, lowsource of, little)

3 1. - 2. 1.1 2.2

,

(reduced, reducedin, lower, lower in,

less)

25

1. 2. 1.2 2.2

, (free, without,

free of, no,zero)

1. 0.5 2. 0.5

1. - 2. 3. . 2

.0.5

4. 1.1 2.2

168

/

(

) *

(low, low in, low

source of, a little)

1. 1 2. 15

1. - 2. . 2

.3