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THE REFUGEE CRISIS:SETTING THE SCENE
Thomas LiebigInternational Migration DivisionDirectorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs
26 November 2015
Why is this refugee crisis different ?
0
200000
400000
600000
800000OECD
EU
Germany447,931
837,283
310,260
647,360
100,310
221,593
OECD
EU
DEU
Evolution of number of new asylum seekers, 1980-2014 2015 vs. 2014:January to August
I. Unprecedented numbers
Source: UNHCR , OECD calculations
The new inflows no longer come primarily through the Central Mediterranean
Source: Detections of illegal border crossings on the basis of Frontex data, OECD Secretariat
Germany and Hungary account for almost half of the total newly-registered flows
Source: UNHCR, OECD calculations
January-August 2013
OECD Total = 347 600
January-August 2014
OECD Total = 447 900
January-August 2015
OECD Total = 837 300
Syria is the main origin country, but it accounted for only 18% of the asylum flows to the OECD in the first 8 months of 2015
Source: UNHCR, OECD calculations
January-August 2013
OECD Total = 347 600
January-August 2014
OECD Total = 447 900
January-August 2015
OECD Total = 837 300
The monthly number of asylum seekers from Syria, Afghanistan, Albania and Iraq has increased dramatically since April 2015
2013
M01
2013
M03
2013
M05
2013
M07
2013
M09
2013
M11
2014
M01
2014
M03
2014
M05
2014
M07
2014
M09
2014
M11
2015
M01
2015
M03
2015
M05
2015
M070
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Syria
Afghanistan
Albania
Eritrea
Iraq
Kosovo
Source: UNHCR , OECD calculations
In per-capita terms, Hungary, Austria and Sweden have been the most affected countries thus far
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 0002012 2013 2014
New asylum seekers per million population in selected OECD countries
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000Jan-Aug 2014 Jan-Aug 2015 Jan-Sep 201514 000
Source: UNHCR, OECD calculations
8
There is a strong diversity of qualification level within and between refugees groups
Source: Statistics Sweden, 2015
Education level of immigrants aged 16-74 in Sweden by latest country of residence, 2014
Iran Syrian Arab Republic
Iraq Afghanistan Eritrea Somalia0
20
40
60
80
100 ISCED 0, 1, 2 ISCED 3 ISCED 4, 5, 6 % covered
I. Unprecedented numbersII. Strong concentration of asylum seekers in just a handful of
entry points and destination countries III. Advances in communication technology and the emergence of
new smuggling routes leads to rapidly changing situationsIV. Diversity of origin countries and deterioration of the situation in
transit countries / countries of temporary refugeV. Many crises in parallel in countries relatively close to Europe
with little prospect for improvement in the near futureVI. Large number of unaccompanied minorsVII. Large differences in the skills and qualifications of refugeesVIII. Part of the public opinion in several European countries is
hostile to further migration flows, including refugees
Why is this refugee crisis different ?
10
www.oecd.org/[email protected]
For further information on the OECD’s work on the integration of refugees and other migrant groups:
… coming soon:
