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3
Demography of
AUSTRALIA and INDIA
Population (2008 est.): 21 million.
Annual population growth rate:
1.6%.
Ethnic groups: European 92%,
Asian 6%, Aboriginal 2%.
Religions (2006): Catholic 26%,
Anglican 19%, other Christian
19%, other non-Christian 1%,
Buddhist 2.1%, Islam 1.7%, no
religion 19% and not stated
12%.
Population: [2001census] about
1,027millions. [Oz is about 2%
of Ind! ] One Oz is added
annually to Ind !!
U.P [16.17%], Maharashtra
[9.42%], Bihar [8.07%], Bengal
[7.81%], Andhra [7.37%], Tamil
nadu [6.05%], M.P [5.88%],
Rajasthan [ 5.5% ], Karnataka
[ 5.14% ], Gujarat [4.93% ],
Orissa [3.57%], Kerala [3.10%]
and many others
4
AUSTRALIA INDIA
With a population of 21 million
and double the size of land
area than India, Australia has a
lower density of population and
is a stable, culturally diverse
and democratic society with a
skilled workforce and a strong,
competitive economy compared
to India.
•India supports a high
density of population
with variety and heritage.
•India has good
agricultural work culture
as well as it is now well
industrialized.
•Recently it emphasizes
trained services and
knowledge based
economy.
5
About OZ-Ind_hdi-2008
India‟s Human
Development Index
(HDI) is 128th out of
177 countries with data
(UNDP Human
Development Report
2008).
Australia‟s Human
Development Index
(HDI) is the third best
in the world, behind
only Norway and
Ireland (UNDP
Human Development
Report 2008).
6
Majority of people of Oz live in cities; Indians mostly rural.
Area: 7.7 million sq. km. (3
million sq. mi.); Cities
(2007): Capital--Canberra
(pop. 340,000). Other
cities--Sydney (4.3 million),
Melbourne (3.8 million),
Brisbane (1.9 million),
Perth (1.6 million),
Adelaide (1.2 million),
Darwin (117,000), Hobart
(207,484).
7
Distribution of population of India
Population: [2001census]
about 1,027millions.of which 72.22% was
rural and literacy rate was 65.38%
Ethnic groups: Six main groups,
Religions (2001): Hindu 80.44%, Muslim
13.42%, Christian 2.33%, Sikh 1.84%,
Buddhist 0.68%, Jain 0.38%, and others
0.65%
8
Lifestyle of Oz
As the 6th largest country in the world,
Australia is 50% larger than Europe, but has
the lowest population density in the world.
Approximately 85% of Australians occupying
only 1% of the continent and live in the capital
cities and along the coast.
For at least 40,000 years Australia's
Aboriginal people have lived in Australia's
unique natural environment, believed to be
with one of the world's stone age cultures.
9
Climate: Relatively dry
and subject to
drought, ranging
from temperate in the
south to tropical in
the far north.
Terrain: Varied, but
generally low-lying
Climate of Australia
10
The climate of India may be broadly described
as tropical monsoon type. There are four
seasons: (i) winter (January-February), (ii) hot
weather summer (March-May); (iii) rainy south-
western monsoon (June-September) and (iv)
post-monsoon, also known as north-east
monsoon in the southern Peninsula (October-
December).
CLIMATE of India
11
CLIMATE of India
India‟s climate is affected by two seasonal winds
- the north-east monsoon and the southwest
monsoon. The north-east monsoon commonly
known as winter monsoon blows from land to
sea whereas south-west monsoon known as
summer monsoon blows from sea to land after
crossing the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and
the Bay of Bengal. The south-west monsoon
brings most of the rainfall during the year in the
country.
12
Cities in Oz_ 2008
In 2007, Sydney was voted the
world‟s best city for the second year in a
row.
Melbourne was sixth (Anholt City Brands Index
2007).
Five Australian cities have been ranked in the top
eleven most liveable cities in the world (Economist
Intelligence Unit 2005).
13
Health & Work in Oz:
Health: Infant mortality rate--4.7/1,000.
Life expectancy--males 78 yrs., females 83
yrs.
Work force (10.8 million): Agriculture--3.0%;
mining--4.9%; manufacturing--10.3%;
services--75%; public administration and
defense--3.8%.
14
Area & Population Comparison _Oz-
Ind
AUSTRALIA
Area: About 7.7 Msq kilometres
[nearly twice as large as India]
Population: [2008]
about 21 millions ( about 2%
of that of India)
Currency: Australian dollar
(AUD)
Longest River: Murray River
( 2520 km), Darling River
INDIA
Area: About 3.29 Msq-
kilometres
[Nearly half area as Australia]
Population: [2001census]
about 1,027millions
Currency: Indian rupees (INR)
Rivers: Ganga, Jamuna and
Brahmaputra in North;
Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna
and other small ones in
South
15
Primary Education: Literacy
Australia India
Years compulsory--to
age 16 in all states and
territories except New
South Wales and the
Northern Territory
where it is 15, and
Western Australia
where it is 17.
Literacy--over 99%.
Combined gross
enrolment ratio for
primary, secondary and
tertiary education, in
2005 was 63.8 (%) (hdi)
Dropout rates have
placed limits on large
number of children of
this country to receive
the light of literacy.
17
General Structure of
School Education A uniform structure of
school education viz., the
10+2 system has been
adopted by all the States
and Union Territories of
India.
Primary Stage
Middle Stage
High School Stage
Higher Secondary Stage
Graduation Degree
36
India – Moving towards a lifelong learning
approach
The National Literacy Mission (NLM)
NLM was based on the 1986 National Policy on
Education. It was set up with the aim of imparting
functional literacy to 80 million [nearly 4 Aussi!] adults
in the 15-35 age group by 1988--1995.
It started with a mass campaign approach: the Total
Literacy Campaign (TLC), but has evolved into a
programme of adult education.
Literacy for youth and adults still remains its core, but
it is developing elements of lifelong learning for
increasingly large and diverse groups of participants.
39
Adult Illiteracy: Literacy and
numeracy
Implementation of this functional and instrumental concept of literacy varied greatly and often veered towards a conventional approach that focused more on the mechanics of recognising alphabets at a rudimentary level, rather than self-sufficiency in acquiring the tools for further learning and developing critical consciousness.
With over 300 million adults in illiteracy, India
accounted for about 40 per cent of the world‟s adult illiteracy.
40
The revised National Policy on
Education:1992
NLM combined Post- Literacy and Continuing Education (PL & CE) activities in order to consolidate and improve functional literacy skills of neo-literates.
The Post-Literacy Campaigns had three broad learning objectives – remediation, continuation and application.
A new scheme of Continuing Education, distinct from the previous PL & CE, was launched by NLM in 1997.
The aim was to provide learning opportunities to neo-literates on a continuing basis and to reinforce and widen the literacy skills for personal, social and economic improvement.
41
The Community Education Centre (CEC)
The Community Education Centre (CEC), the main delivery point of CE programmes, looked after by a Prerak (Animator), is meant to be a community-based centre with a library and reading room. It plans and carries out activities in training, information, culture, sports, communication and discussion forums for the communities it serves.
The CEC is seen as a permanent institution, located in a public place, open to all, and run with close community involvement.
42
key stakeholders of the CEC
The participants are neo-literates, mostly women, and the Panchayats (elected local self-government bodies) are regarded as key stakeholders of the CEC.
At district level the programme implementing agency is the Zila Shaksharta Samiti ( ZSS or District Literacy Society).
A registered society with a General Council and an Executive Committee, under the leadership of the district head of administration. It receives funds from the government and disburses funds to CECs on the basis of approved plans.
43
vocational and life enrichment
education A District Resource Unit (DRU), located in the
District Institute of Education and Training (DIET), and the State Resource Centre provide technical and academic support to the programme.
The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (People‟s Training Organisation), a district-level institution, often managed by an NGO, works with the ZSS to provide vocational and life enrichment education. It offers courses based on local market demands.
44
Districts with low education level
About a quarter of India‟s 600 districts which have a
low education level now each have a district literacy
society and a functioning adult education programme
under its auspices.
Although the NLM objectives and programmes are
conceptually linked to a broader approach to adult
and lifelong learning, the heavy burden of illiteracy
compels India to remain focused on narrow literacy
objectives, especially in seven of the 28 states which
account for 65 per cent of the total illiterate
population.
45
Remedy for low education level
It is in the same states that the national programme for primary education, Sarva Shisksha Abhiyan (Education for all Campaign), is weak and, therefore, continues to feed the pool of illiteracy.
This is so much so that the primary schools have been described as maintaining a system of „institutionalised sub-literacy.‟ (The Statesman, editorial, 22 August, 2006).
Other challenges relate to finding effective pathways
to address the multiple disadvantages of educationally-deprived populations who are living in extreme poverty, are largely low-caste or ethnic minorities, often in poor health, and women.
46
Education in India:
Role of Central & State Governments
The primary responsibility for school education
is borne by the state governments.
Therefore any policy changes must be with the
full participation and involvement of the States.
However, positive changes in systems of
schooling will require the active involvement of
the Central Government as well as State
Governments.
This is not only in the matter of providing
resources but also in promoting organizational
and other changes.
48
Expansion of
functional literacy in India
National Knowledge Commission (2008)
stressed a focus on expanding functional
literacy among the population.
Illiteracy remains a major problem, even
among the age-group 15-35 years.
Therefore literacy programmes must be
expanded rather than reduced, and given a
different focus that is directed towards
improving life skills and meeting felt needs,
especially (but not only) among the youth.
57
Organization about
education in Australia-1
School education - the Australian Technical Colleges, further investment in school education in Australia, financial assistance for reading tuition and flagpoles for schools.
Career development - career guidance, employability skills, skills shortages, career education quality, vocational education in schools, and goals for schooling.
Training and skills - language, literacy and numeracy; training and skills at school; skills shortages; and the Backing Australia's Ability package.
58
Organization about
education in Australia-2
Higher education - assuring quality, learning and teaching, rationalising responsibility for higher education.
Research Current - research quality, national research priorities, commercialisation, the infrastructure of national collaborative research.
International education - additional promotion and presence in overseas markets, quality assurance in onshore and offshore higher education, scholarships for high achieving students, international centres for excellence, a national centre for language training and the annual registration charge.
59
A Clever Country
Australia, as befits a developed prosperous society, has a well-developed education system with participation rates and secondary school completion rates among the highest in the world.
Australian governments at all levels are continually reviewing and reforming education and training to address the issues that arise from social and economic change.
Australian education attracts international attention and Australia is involved in co-operating with the development of educational programmes in a number of overseas countries.
60
Establishment of universities
The first Australian university was the University of Sydney, founded in 1850 in New South Wales.
Three years later the University of Melbourne was established by the Colony of Victoria.
By 1912 a university had been founded in each State: the University of Adelaide in South Australia in 1874, the University of Tasmania in 1890, the University of Queensland in 1909 and the University of Western Australia in 1911.
In 1946, the Commonwealth Parliament established the Australian National University in the nation‟s capital, Canberra.
61
Global education
Australia is internationally competitive in providing education and training both in Australia and offshore for students from outside Australia, known as overseas students.
Australian universities have expanded globally by creating offshore campuses, centres and programs.
Monash University, for example, has established campuses in Malaysia and South Africa as well as centres in the UK and Italy.
University courses are reflecting this global focus with programs being designed to cater for international students whether located within Australia or offshore.
62
Nobel Prize for Literature
Patrick White (1912–90): In 1973, Patrick White became the first Australian to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He published 12 novels, two short-story collections, eight plays, and works of non-fiction. Widely regarded as one of the major English language novelists of the 20th century, he had a love–hate relationship with his home country.
Rabindranath Tagore(1861-1941) The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913. He was educated at home and England. In his mature years, he had many-sided literary activities, he managed the family estates, a project which brought increased interest in social reforms. He also started an experimental school at Shantiniketan where he tried his Upanishadic ideals of education.
63
Nobel Prize for Literature
White dealt with the
established themes of
Australian literature and was
inspired by Australians‟
relationship with the land. He
drew deeply from, and
illuminated, what he
described as the average,
boring, ordinary and ugly.
His major works include The
Aunt‟s Story (1948), The
Tree of Man (1955) and
Voss (1957).
Tagore wrote in all literary genres, but he was first of all a poet. He wrote fifty volumes of poetry: Sonar Tari (1894) [The Golden Boat], Gitanjali(1910) [Song Offerings], Gitimalya (1914) [Wreath of Songs], and Balaka (1916) [The Flight of Cranes]. Tagore wrote many plays; he was the author of several volumes of short stories and a number of novels, among them Gora(1910), Ghare-Baire (1916) [The Home and the World], and Yogayog (1929) [Crosscurrents].
64
Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and
Development (OECD)
Australia is one of the few countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) where general government net debt has been eliminated.
According to the OECD‟s 2006 economic summary of Australia, living standards have steadily improved since the start of the 1990s and now surpass those of all the industrialized nations that form the Group of Eight except the United States.
65
Australian exports
Australian exports, which in 2007 totaled
$218 billion, are a mix of
minerals and
energy,
manufacturing,
rural products and services.
66
"The dynamism shown by India in the last 15 years is
phenomenal.” Paul Wolfowitz, President World Bank
67
Australia-India Complementarities
Apart from being the two biggest
democracies in the region, with a
free press, well established
institutions of government and
administration, and an
independent judicial system, we
share English as the main
language of commerce and
industry.
India is geographically part of
Australia's sphere of interest,
and is a significant international
actor with a growing interest in
and engagement with the Asia-
Pacific region.
It is well known that we are a Commonwealth of English speaking nations lead by the U.K.
Hence many inherited arenas of interaction include:
the English language, parliamentary
democracy and friendly competition on
the cricket and hockey fields.
Knowledge economy forHuman development.
6868
Australian Foreign Minister Stephen Smith compared
India and Australia's relationship
"Australia-India relation is like a Twenty20 game.
There are intense moments of enthusiasm and
then long periods of inactivity. We should now
convert this into a test match," Smith, who
confessed to being an ardent cricket and hockey
fan, told students at the St. Stephen's college in
the capital.
Twenty20 or T20 cricket involves two teams;
each has a single innings, batting for 20 overs.
Test cricket is however a longer form of the
game, played over five days.
6969
Oz and In Converging Relationship: Simon Crean
04.05.2010
Mr Simon Crean, Trade Minister of Australia who was on an
official visit to India to attend Joint Ministerial Meeting, while
addressing a CII organized seminar on “Strengthening India-
Australia Trade Relations” in here today, said that there exists
huge convergence of interests in India-Australia relationship
that includes multilateral level relations, Doha Round of talks,
common approach towards G-20, climate change, regional
relationship in Asia and at APEC. He said that the purpose of
his visit to India and interactions with the India business
community was also to put more substance to the strategic
relationship with India.
70
INDIA-AUSTRALIA
ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Australian coking coal, worth US$1.2 billion,
is used in more than 50 per cent of steel
produced in India;
Indian companies have purchased two
copper mines and three coal mines in
Australia. Indo-Australian Coal and Mining
Forum with their Indian counterparts to put in
place mechanisms to further deepen
commercial and technical linkages.
71
LNG_ a resource for India
• Liquefied Natural Gas [LNG], a relatively new
commodity for India, is another resources lynchpin in
our longer-term commercial relations. Australian LNG
was provided to India through spot sales.
• First Australia-India long-term LNG deal was
reached in August 2009.
• India's Petronet LNG signed a 20-year agreement
to take gas from the massive Gorgon project.
72
Australia-India Council (AIC)
The Australia-India Council's purpose is to
broaden the relationship between Australia
and India by encouraging and supporting
contacts and increasing levels of knowledge
and understanding between the peoples and
institutions of the two countries.
73
Ind-aussian promoting stronger collaboration
between Australia and Asia
Neville Roach was born in Bharuch, Gujarat, India; transferred to Australia in 1961 and has lived happily there ever since.
In April 2008, he was appointed Honorary NSW “Sydney ambassador to India” by the NSW Government.
Mr. Roach is also a Fellow of the Australian Computer Society and
Chairman Emeritus of the Australia India Business Council.
74
The Sir John Crawford lecture series
is organized jointly by the Australia-India
Council (AIC), the Australian High
Commission and the National Council of
Applied Economic Research (NCAER) to
commemorate the contributions of well-
known Australian scientist, the late Sir John
Crawford, who helped pioneer the Green
Revolution in India.
75
Australian Studies Fellowships for Indian
University Teaching Staff and Postgraduates
The Australian Studies Fellowships are a major
component of the Australian Studies program of the
Australia-India Council. The primary purpose of the
Fellowships is to more fully acquaint Indian scholars
with Australian Studies centres and programs in
Australia.
The Fellowships are managed by a consortium of
Universities, led by Monash University and consisting
of the Australian National University, the University of
New South Wales, the University of South Australia
and the University of Queensland.
76
Australia to play the India card now
Australia has much in common with India besides China
and Japan.
The idea of a shared Australia-China –Japan economic
enterprise has taken earlier hold of Oz consciousness.
India seems more ready now that the cultural bonds are
great.
77
High Commission India
High Commission
address: Australian
The High Commission
of Australia,
1/50 G Shantipath,
Chanakyapuri –
Telephone: 4139 9900 -
Fax: 4149 4490
High Commission
address: Indian
The High Commission of
India
3/5 Moonah Place
Yarralumla,
ACT - 2600
78
Australian Renewable Energy Website
This site is published by the Australian
Greenhouse Office to promote the use of
renewable energy and develop the Australian
Renewable Energy Industry
79
rural electrification technologies
Australian federal and state governments have
undertaken several initiatives which have
facilitated the adoption of new rural electrification
technology including demonstration projects,
measures to address cross-subsidies for rural
electricity, promotional activity and measures to
encourage electricity utility involvement, including
reform of the electricity industry.
Several lessons have been learnt from these
initiatives.
80
Understanding Australia
The Understanding Australia website offers
international students, visitors and
backpackers information about the continent
and its people. (English)
81
Consumption of 'Asian-ness' in Australia:
Culture, Class and Capital_ Naomi Smith
In the 1990s it was the zenith of Australia‟s
‘Asian Turn’; Asia was no longer seen as
dirty, diseased, and with teeming masses; to
the contrary, past hostile stereotypes were
exchanged for more palatable versions
incorporating style, timeless beauty, upwardly
mobile and technologically savvy people,
business opportunities, Confucian capitalism
and Asian values.
82
Understanding Australiaoffers international students, visitors and backpackers
informationabout the continent and its people.
For many, Australia means blue seas and white beaches, an arid Red Centre, koalas and kangaroos.
However there's much more to the country than tourist brochure images.
For example, Australia has one of the most diverse populations in the
world. One quarter of the people who live here were born
elsewhere. And while the weather can get hot,
the mountains are covered with snow in winter, andthe climates of most cities are mild.
As for the famed wide-open spaces, they're there of course, but around eighty per cent of people live in cities or towns.
83
Understanding Australia
Understanding Australia contains information on how
Australians live, work and spend their leisure; how
they view their institutions and civic responsibilities;
and how they see their place in the world.
The Frequently-Asked Questions page answers
queries about everything from public transport to
party-going.
This website is also available in Hindi and Chinese
(simplified and traditional). Use the links on the right
hand side of every page to switch to a different
language
84
Australia-India Focus
www.aibc.org.au/newsletter/htm
www.dfat.gov.au/aic
Subscription to Australia-India Focus is free.
To receive Australia-India Focus by email,
simply provide your Email Address, Name
and Mailing Address to: [email protected]
The Australia-India Focus newsletter is
produced bi-monthly by the Australia-India
Council and the Australia India Business
Council. Please direct your editorial enquiries
85
Australian studies / Indian studies
The objective of the education program is to increase knowledge and understanding in Australia of India, and in India of Australia, through the education sectors in each country.
The Australian studies component aims to promote, through support for Australian studies in Indian universities and schools, an informed understanding of Australian society and politics. The Australian studies program also seeks to demonstrate Australian excellence in all fields of Endeavour.
The Indian studies component aims to promote, through support of Indian studies in Australian universities and schools, an informed understanding of Indian society and politics.
86
National Anthem
Advance Australia Fair
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We‟ve golden soil and wealth for toil;
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature‟s gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history‟s page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross
Jana Gana Mana
O! Dispenser of India's destiny,
thou art the ruler of the
minds of all people
Thy name rouses the hearts
of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat,
the Maratha country,
in the Dravida country,
Utkala and Bengal;
It echoes in the hills of the
Vindhyas and Himalayas,
it mingles in the rhapsodies
of the pure waters of
Yamuna and Ganga
87
National Anthem
Advance Australia Fair
We‟ll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of
ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who‟ve come across
the seas
We‟ve boundless plains to
share;
With courage let us all combine
To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.
Jana Gana Mana
They chant only thy name.
They seek only thy auspicious
blessings.
They sing only the glory of thy
victory.
The salvation of all people waits
in thy hands,
O! Dispenser of India's destiny,
thou art the ruler of the minds
of all people
Victory to thee, Victory to thee,
Victory to thee,
Victory, Victory, Victory, Victory to
thee!
88
Coat of arms
The Australian coat of arms was
granted by King George V in 1912. It
consists of a shield containing the
badges of the six Australian states,
symbolising federation, and the national
symbols of the golden wattle, the
kangaroo and the emu. By popular
tradition, the kangaroo is accepted as
the national animal emblem. The golden
wattle, Acacia pycnantha Benth, was
proclaimed the national floral emblem
in August 1988.