Population and migration analysis from the 2011 CensusLorraine Ireland and Vicky Field Census Analysis Unit, Population Statistics Division, ONS

17 July 2014

Migration data available from the 2011 Census

Outline:

Using 2011 Census data to describe and analyse international migration to England and Wales

Using ‘country of birth’ and ‘passports held’

Historic patterns of migration since 1951

Economic and social characteristics of migrants

Short term residents

Origin–destination data will be available later in July 2014

The 2011 Census asked about country of birth...

Those born abroad were asked when they arrived:If born outside the UK (in ‘Republic of Ireland’ or ‘Elsewhere’), fill in questions 10 and 11.

Data collected on year of last arrival (also published as length of residence and age at arrival)

Identifying recent arrivals.

Differentiating recent arrivals who are usual residents (i.e. long term migrants) from short term residents.

…and passports held

The question on passports held is used to determine nationality:

Data published so far gives priority to UK, then Ireland, then other, giving one passport per person. Used to determine nationality.

New question in 2011.

Nearly half of non-UK born held a UK passport

Total

Number (Thousands)

Per cent Number (Thousands)

Per cent Number (Thousands)

Per cent Number (Thousands)

Per cent Per cent

UK born 48,571 86.6 39,033 80.4 349 0.7 9,189 18.9 100Non-UK born 7,505 13.4 3,424 45.6 3,812 50.8 269 3.6 100Total 56,076 100 42,457 75.7 4,161 7.4 9,458 16.9 100

Passport heldUK passport Other passport No passport held

Country of Birth

Total born outside the UK

Nearly half of non-UK born held a UK passport at the time of the census.

Nearly all (97%) of those holding no passport were born in the UK.

Historical summary of non-UK born residents

Each successive census revealed an increasing share of residents born abroad:

4.5

5.2

6.8

6.7

7.3

8.9

13.4

1951

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

2011

0 20 40 60 80 100Per cent

UK born Non-UK born

Total pop (million)

43.7

46.0

48.7

48.5

49.9

52.0

56.1

Top five non-UK born populations 1951-2011

Census shows increasing diversity of foreign born

The top ten countries of birth represent a declining proportion of the total number of residents born abroad:

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Foreign nationals show ‘migrant’ age structureAge and sex distributions of UK and non-UK passport holders

in England and Wales:

15 10 5 0 5 10 15 Per cent

0 -45 -9

10 -1415 -1920 -2425 -2930 -3435 -3940 -4445 -4950 -5455 -5960 -6465 -6970 -7475 -7980 -84

85 +Age

Non - UK nationals = 4.2 millionUK nationals = 42.6 million

Non - UK national males

Non - UK national females

UK nationals

Distribution of Non-UK born residents in 2011

New A8 migrant areas

Year of arrival can identify ‘waves’ of migration

Half (50% or 3.7 million) of those born abroad had lived in the UK for 10 years or more.

0 20 40 60 80 100

India

Poland

Pakistan

Republic of Ireland

Germany

Bangladesh

Nigeria

South Africa

United States

Jamaica

Per cent

before 1981 1981- 1990 1991-2000 2001- 2011

Data available on characteristics of migrantsVariety of social and economic data available by passports, country

of birth and year of arrival:

Age and sex

Economic activity

Occupation and industry

Qualifications

English (Welsh) language proficiency

Housing tenure

Ethnic group

Health

Religion

National identity

Link to podcast or Link YouTube

Economic activity of Migrants (aged 16+)Of those that arrived in the UK between 2001 and 2011, 60

percent were employed and 21 per cent were students in 2011.

• of Nigerian-born 49 per cent were employed and 32 per cent were students

• of Polish-born 81 per cent were employed and 7 per cent were students

Before 1981 1981-1990 1991- 2000 2001-20110

20

40

60

80

100Per cent

Polish- born23,000 6,000 19,000 466,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Before 1981 1981-1990 1991- 2000 2001-2011

Per centNigerian- born

97,00016,000 25,000 38,000

Economically active employed Economically active unemployed

Economically inactive Student

English language proficiencyEnglish language proficiency for non-UK born aged 3 and over by year of arrival shows proficiency is lower for more recent arrivals

89% (6.7 million) of all non-UK born reported that they could speak English well, very well or as their main language

1.6% (118,000) could not speak English at all.

The proportion who reported they could speak no English at all remained fairly constant over the decades of arrival at 1-2 per cent.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Before 1981 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2011

Per cent

Cannot speak English

Cannot speak English well

Speaks English well or very well

English is main language

Housing tenure by country of birth

Top ten non-UK countries of birth by housing tenure, 2011

• Owner occupied highest among Indian (64%), Pakistani (64%) and Irish-born (63%)

• Social rented accommodation highest among Jamaican (35%) and Bangladeshi-born (33%)

• Private rented accommodation highest among Polish-born (71%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Private rented

Social rented

Owned

Ind

ia

Po

lan

d

Pa

kist

an

Ire

lan

d

Ge

rma

ny

Ba

ng

lad

esh

Jam

aic

a

Nig

eria

So

uth

Afr

ica

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Per cent

International migrants (December 2012).

Non-UK Born Short-Term Residents in England and Wales, 2011 (March 2013)

Detailed country of birth and nationality analysis from the 2011 Census of England and Wales (May 2013)

Economic and Social Characteristics of the Resident Population of England and Wales by Nationality and Country of Birth in 2011 (July 2013)

Immigration Patterns of Non-UK Born Populations in England and Wales in 2011 (December 2013)

Published Census short stories on Migration

Demographic data available from the 2011 Census

Data available:

• Age and sex• Marital status• Living arrangements• Family type• Household composition• Children

Families

18% Lone parent

families

17% Cohabiting

couple families

65% Married couple families

Married couple families by country of birth

High proportions of married couple families

may reflect cultural attitudes towards families

and marriage in the population.

85% of Indian born FRPs were married couple

families.

Marital status – UK countries - 2011

35%

34%

35%

36%

35%

47%

47%

45%

48%

47%

3%

2%

3%

4%

3%

9%

10%

8%

5%

9%

7%

8%

8%

7%

7%

England

Wales

Scotland

Northern Ireland

UK

Single Married/civil partnership Separated Divorced Widowed

For all usual residents aged 16 and over:

• Single proportion lowest in Wales, highest in Northern Ireland

• Married proportion highest in Northern Ireland, lowest in Scotland

• Divorced proportion highest in Wales, but separated is lowest

• Widowed proportions higher in Wales and in Scotland

Marital status pyramid 2011

We found that ...

• People stay single for longer

• People marry later

• Widowhood declined especially for males

2,500 1,500 500 500 1,500 2,500

16 -19

20 -24

25 -29

30 -34

35 -39

40 -44

45 -49

50 -54

55 -59

60 -64

65 -69

70 -74

75 -79

80 -84

85+

Thousands

Age

Single Married/civil partneredSeparated DivorcedWidowed Single

Males Females

Marital status of the cohabiting population

• 12% of the adult household population were cohabiting in 2011, an increase from 10% in 2001

• Majority of cohabiting population single (never married)

• 7.3% of the cohabiting population still legally married (including separated)

69%

2.7%

4.6%

21%

2.6%

Single

Married

Separated

Divorced

Widowed

Did you know...

Interactive map

Published Census short stories on demography

Families and Households in England and Wales 2011 (January 2013)

What does the 2011 Census tell us about Older People? (September 2013)

The Workday Population of E&W: An Alternative 2011 Census Output Base (October 2013).

What does the 2011 Census tell us about Concealed families living in multi-family households (February 2014)

How have living arrangements and marital status in E&W changed since 2001? ( March 2014)

Households and household composition in England and Wales 2001-2011 (May 2014)

How do living arrangements, family type and family size vary in England and Wales? (June 2014)

What does the 2011 Census tell us about the oldest old living in England and Wales? (December 2013)

Childbearing of UK and non-UK born women living in the UK (February 2014)

Stepfamilies (May 2014)

Possible further analysis

• Dependent children with two parental addresses• Out of term student population• Internal migration• Second residences• Living alone• Communal establishments• Detailed social and economic characteristics of migrant

populations

Suggestions welcome! census.analysis.inbox@ons.gsi.gov.uk

Any questions or suggestions?