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Planning for the Unplannable
NAVAL HISTORY AND HERITAGE COMMAND
Courtesy of U.S. Naval Institute1
Physical Security Challenges in Museums
NHHC Overview
2
NHHC HeadquartersNavy Yard, Washington DC
Ten Museums Navy Department Library Operational/Historic Archives USS CONSTITUTION
Maintenance Detachment Historic Ship NAUTILUS Collections Management
Facility Under Water Archaeology
OUR MISSION
The Naval History and Heritage Command serves as the Navy’s institutional memory by preserving, acquiring, producing, and disseminating history and heritage products and resources through Navy historical, archival, museum, curatorial, art, and underwater archeological programs.
The NHHC collection contains approximately: 182,000 books 490,000 artifacts 374,000 manuscripts 186 million pages of historic records 1 million photos 20,000 works of art 1,100 display aircraft, 14,000 aircraft wrecks,
and 3,000 ship wrecks worldwide
A Nation-Wide Enterprise of Various Sizes and Needs
Where We Are
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National Museum of the United States Navy
National Museum of the American Sailor
Hampton Roads Naval Museum
National Naval Aviation Museum
United States Navy Seabee Museum
United States Submarine Force Museum/HS NAUTILUS
Navy Museum Northwest (US Naval Undersea Museum and
Puget Sound Navy Museum)
Naval War College Museum
United States Naval Academy Museum
Why have this discussion?
• Museums often plan for the protection of their collections, but less often about the protection of their people
• Unplanned emergencies will happen in museums (and in life!), but today’s environment is not what it used to be– This goes against the idea that museums need to create
increased accessibility for visitors• The nature of museums – as public spaces, museums are
vulnerable to numerous threats• Advanced planning, and especially drills, are key!• How do we deal with physical security in an age of active shooters
and lockdowns?– Multiple events world-wide highlight lack of preparation and
resources
Definition
• Physical Security: Security measures that are designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment and resources, and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm, such as espionage, theft or a terrorist attack.
Security Challenges• There are numerous issues that impact museums:
- Willingness to have the tough discussions and conduct drills- Willingness and ability to enforce security policies- Physical layout- Personnel- Location- Available resources- Training opportunities- Lack of comprehensive plans and policies- Local law enforcement knowledge of your
institution
Our Museum Stories
US Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport, WA
Our Museum Stories
Puget Sound Navy Museum, Bremerton, WA
Our Lessons Learned• Local law enforcement participation• No artifact is worth your life• Create a safe work environment• Written policies are a must• Train, train, train, with staff, volunteers and local
authorities• Physical security upgrades are critical but require money,
time, and people - do what you can• Random security measures can help mitigate risks• Firearms in right to carry states
CREATE A PLAN, DISCUSS THE PLAN, EXERCISE THE PLAN!
So How Do You Get That Far?
• Multiple Approaches to assessments:– Internal Museum Assessment of possible threats
• Interagency Security Committee Tool– External Museum Assessment
• Physical Security and Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection Assessment Tools- The Navy is great for paperwork!
• Navy Museum Facilities Criteria– Partnership with local authorities
• REMEMBER WHO THE PROS ARE• Document all incidents and suspicious behavior: trends• Involve the authorities in your plans, policies and drills
ASSESSMENTS ARE CONTINUAL, NOT A MEANS TO A SINGLE END
Interagency Security Committee Tool
FactorPoints
Score1 2 3 4
Mission Criticality LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH
Symbolism LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH
Facility Population <100 101-250 251-750 >750
Facility Size <10,000 sq. ft. 10,001-100,000 sq. ft. 100,001-250,000 sq. ft. >250,000 sq. ft.
Threat to Tenant Agencies LOW MEDIUM HIGH VERY HIGH
Sum of Above
Facility Security Level I: 5-7 Points II: 8-12 Points III: 13-17 Points IV: 18-20 PointsPreliminary FSL
Intangible AdjustmentJustification: FSL +/- 1
Internal Assessment Example
Assault
Kidnapping
RobberyTh
eft
Vandalis
m
Civil Dist
urbance
Workplac
e Violence
Insider T
hreat
Mailed/D
elivered Ex
plosive Devic
e
Man-Porta
ble, External D
etonation
Man-Porta
ble, Internal D
etonation
Suicid
e/Homicid
e Bomber
Vehicle-Borne Im
provised Ex
plosive Devic
eArso
n
Active
Shooter
Small
Arms
Stand-O
ff Weap
ons
Unauthoriz
ed Entry
-Force
d
Unauthoriz
ed Entry
-Surre
ptitious
Breach of A
ccess
Control-C
overt
Breach of A
ccess
Control-O
vert
Disruption of S
ecurity S
ystems
CBR Release-Ex
ternal
CBR Release- In
ternal
CBR Release-M
ail or D
elivery
CBR Release of O
nsite HAZM
AT
CBR Release in
Wate
r Supply
Vehicle Ram
ming-Airc
raft as
a Weap
on
Automobile Ram
ming
Hostile Su
rveilla
nce0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Baseline RiskISC Threat Level
Post Assessment
• PLAN, PLAN, PLAN• DRILL, DRILL, DRILL!• Emergency Kits
Emergency Kit Essentials
• Basic/short duration: General instructions on your desktop, water, snack, multi-tool, flashlight, pen and paper, basic first aid kit, PERSONAL MEDICATIONS!
• Intermediate duration: Gloves, mask, space blanket, duct tape, para-cord, larger first aid kit, sunscreen
• Advanced/long duration: Detailed instructions/plan, meal kits, advanced first aid kit, chemlites, plastic sheeting, zip ties, swim goggles, tool kit, basic conservation supplies
NOT JUST FOR YOURSELF
Emergency Kits
SCALABLE, BASED ON NEEDS AND RESOURCES: MULTIPURPOSE
Exercising the Plans
• Regular review of plans/lessons learned• Drills and scenarios for all potential security risks• Emergency Action Plan Training
– Online courses– Table Top Exercises– Police and fire walkthroughs– Real life exercise event: run, hide, fight?
Easy Things to Do
• Lock changes/key control program• Security checklists, identify weak points• Create a “safe room”, cover your door glass• Regular staff walk-throughs of all interior and exterior
spaces• Alternate muster points• Create SMS groups for notifications• Clear written policy, keep a log book• Buddy system, especially during off hours and in isolated
locations• Desktop emergency guides for quick reference• Protect your Personally Identifiable Information
Harder Things to Do
Type of System Cost Per Sq Ft Notes
Intrusion Alarms $15.00 Doors and first floor windows only. Does not include display cases.
CCTV Systems $10.00 100% coverage of public and staff spaces, managed from a secure location
Back Up Power Systems $5.00 For computers, cameras and alarm systems
Public Address Systems $5.00 Must be throughout entire building, if not, consider radios. Watch out for “dead zones” in your museums
Single or Card Key AccessBiometric Access $5.00 Biometrics offer the highest level of protection but are the most time intensive and sensitive of systems
Security Guards N/A Security guard calculations: This allows for overlap during busy times and weekend work if required: (days open x 9 hours/2087 FTE hours) x number of buildings x 1.29 for weekend work
Note: Based on the Facility Criteria for Navy Museums and Historic Resource Facilities (NAVFAC FC4-760-10N)
dated 01 December 2013
Resources• Online Training
– International Foundation for Cultural Property Protection (Northern States Conservation Center/IFCPP)
– Safeguarding Cultural Properties by IFCPP– www.securitycommittee.org (ISC)
• National Organizations (Red Cross, FBI, USAID, ISC)– http://youtube.com/watch?v=5vcswejU2d0 (FBI Run Hide Fight)– www.activeshooter.lasd.org (LAPD Active Shooter)
• Local Organizations (Police, Fire)• Navy Facilities Criteria, Physical Security Assessment
Tool • AAM-standard disaster/emergency response plans
NAVAL HISTORY AND HERITAGE COMMAND
Backups
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INTEGRITY – ACCOUNTABILITY – INITIATIVE – TOUGHNESS
• Mission: Collect, preserve, display and interpret historic naval artifacts and artworks to inform, educate, and inspire naval personnel and the general public.
• AAM Accredited• Collections:
– 3 Artifacts– TRIESTE and USS CONSTITUTION Gun deck– Extensive ship model and weapons collection– The Best of Navy Art
• Highlights: – “Covert Submarine Ops” exhibit in Cold War Gallery– Robust homeschool program serving over 90 families per week – Part of NHHC’s current revisioning process: new museum
location off of WNY TBD – Outreach and Attendance, 2015: – Held 119 museum programs and 166 ceremonies– Hosted 108,453 total visitors
National Museum of the U.S. NavyWashington, DC
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• Mission: Collect, preserve and interpret the history of the United States Naval Submarine Force in order to honor veterans and to educate naval personnel and the public in the heritage and traditions of the US Submarine Force and its relationship to America’s freedom.
• AAM Accreditation in work• Collections:
– The nation’s only nuclear powered submarine open for public visitation
– 43,177 artifacts, 2,124 linear feet of archival material
• Highlights:– NR-1 nuclear research submarine exhibit– Nuclear Navy schoolhouse
• Outreach and Attendance, 2015: – Held 80 museum programs and 66 ceremonies– Hosted 126,606 total visitors
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U.S. Navy Submarine Force Museum and HS NAUTILUS
Groton, CT
• Mission: Collects, preserves, and interprets historical properties that illustrates key concepts in the evolution of maritime strategy and naval operations from antiquity to the present; the history of naval activity in the Narragansett Bay region from the colonial period to the present, and the institutional history of the Naval War College since 1884. The Museum serves educational purposes for both students attending the Naval War College and for the general public.
• AAM Accreditation underway• Collections:
― 8646 artifacts― Manuscripts and books held by NWC library
• Highlights:― "The Most Unfair Game: Lessons from Jutland"― Community outreach via Fort Adams State Park and
Seaman’s Church Institute• Outreach and Attendance, 2015:
– Held 120 museum programs and 3 ceremonies– Hosted 11,206 total visitors
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U.S. Naval War College MuseumNewport, RI
• Mission: Collect, preserve, and exhibit the artifacts and art that are the physical heritage of the U.S. Navy and the Naval Academy.
• AAM Accreditation underway• Collections: 56,000 artifacts, including:
– 6,368 ship models– 12,098 manuscripts– 6,651 paintings and prints– 4,163 books
• Highlights:– “Ability, Not Gender: 40 Years of Women at USNA”– Educates 1,200 plebes in an introduction to Naval History
• Outreach and Attendance, 2015:– Held 6 museum programs and 3 ceremonies– Hosted 97,334 total visitors
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U.S. Naval Academy MuseumAnnapolis, MD
• Mission: Interprets the history of the US Navy in and around Hampton Roads, Virginia, from the Revolutionary War to the present day for U.S. Navy personnel and the general public. The Museum performs this mission through collection, research, preservation and interpretation of historic artifacts and educational programs. Through this mission the U.S. Navy’s proud tradition, heritage, honor and esprit de corps is perpetuated and better appreciated by all.
• AAM Accredited• Collections: 23,036 artifacts, including:
– 21,561 objects and photographs– 1,475 books
• Highlights:– Lego Shipbuilding Program– Part of NHHC’s current revisioning process- to be renamed
National Museum of the Surface Navy• Outreach and Attendance, 2015:
– Held 378 museum programs and 455 ceremonies– Hosted 193,862 total visitors
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Hampton Roads Naval MuseumNorfolk, VA
• Mission: Collect, preserve, and interpret thehistory of the United States Navy’s Sailor for the benefit of the U. S . Navy and the people of the United States .• AAM Accreditation in work• Collections:
– 3748 artifacts and documents• Highlights:
– The Navy’s newest museum (2009)– “Colorful Characters: Sailors, Tailors and Navy
Uniforms”– Part of NHHC’s current revisioning process: Gift
proffer from City of North Chicago for new, purpose-built museum in a commercial development
• Outreach and Attendance, 2015: – Held 31 museum programs and 3 ceremonies– Hosted 44,247 total visitors
National Museum of the American SailorGreat Lakes, IL
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• Mission: Preserve and enhance the heritage and image of Naval Aviation though the collection, preservation, and exhibition of memorabilia significant to the history and mission of Naval Aviation. Additionally, promote Naval Aviation and its history through appropriate displays, educational, and inspirational programs.
• AAM Accredited• Collections:
– 1,000 aircraft at museum, 971 on loan nationwide– 23,911 other artifacts– Library includes personal/official papers of prominent
aviators and 350,000+ photos/images• Highlights:
– “Women in Naval Aviation: From Typewriters to Strike Fighters”
– On-site aircraft restoration facility• Outreach and Attendance, 2015:
– Held 88 museum programs and 125 ceremonies– Hosted 915,378 total visitors
National Naval Aviation MuseumPensacola, FL
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• Mission: Collect, preserve, and interpret naval undersea heritage, science, and operations for the benefit of the U.S. Navy and the people of the United States.
• AAM Accredited• Collections:
— 46,251 artifacts and reference documents• Highlights:
— Administratively part of Navy Museum Northwest in conjunction with the Puget Sound Navy Museum
— “Preserving Peace: The Navy’s Strategic Deterrence Program”
— 40 education programs: 2 year waiting list for STEM programs in local school district
— Part of NHHC’s current revisioning process• Outreach and Attendance, 2015:
– Held 114 museum programs and 214 ceremonies– Hosted 69,888 total visitors
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Naval Undersea MuseumKeyport, WA
• Mission: Collect, preserve and interpret the naval heritage of the Pacific Northwest from the 1840s to the present for the benefit of the U.S. Navy and the people of the United States.
• AAM Accredited • Collections:
– 46,251 artifacts and documents– 800 volume reference library
• Highlights:– Administratively part of Navy Museum Northwest in
conjunction with the Naval Undersea Museum– “When Baseball Went to War” – 51 education programs co-partnered with NAVSEA and
PSNS/IMF: 2 year waiting list for STEM programs • Outreach and Attendance, 2015:
– Held 84 museum programs and 29 ceremonies– Hosted 111,413 total visitors
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Puget Sound Navy MuseumBremerton, WA
• Mission: Select, collect, preserve and display historic material relating to the history of the Naval Construction Force, better known as the Seabees, and the U.S. Navy Civil Engineer Corps for the benefit of the U.S. Navy and the people of the United States.
• AAM Accreditation in work• Collections:
– 13,947 artifacts– 11,000 linear feet of archival material, including documents,
photographs, maps, and books• Highlights:
– Relocated to $12M state-of-the-art facility in 2011– Children’s STEM Center focused on Seabee skills– Archival material held at museum a resource for US and
foreign governments– Part of NHHC’s current revisioning process
• Outreach and Attendance, 2015: – Held 33 museum programs and 121 ceremonies– Hosted 20,059 total visitors
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U.S. Navy Seabee MuseumPort Hueneme, CA
