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Design and monitoring gender indicators in climate change responsive agriculture – a practice from Women economic empowerment and
Climate smart agriculture of SNV/VWU
Content
A. Rationale
• Gender and climate change
B. Design and monitor gender indicator
• Gender indicators
• WEAI tool
C. Case study:
• SNV Climate Smart Agriculture/Women EconomicEmpowerment programme
2
A. Rationale
3
Gender, gender roles, gender equality
• Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and status of women and men, girls and boys. It is a set of culturally specific characteristics defining the social behaviour of women and men, boys and girls, and the relationships between them.
• Gender roles – status and relations vary according to place (countries, regions, and villages), groups (class, ethnic, religious, caste), generations and stages of the lifecycle of individuals.
• Gender is, thus, not about women but about the relationship between women and men.
• Gender equality means that the different behaviours, aspirations and needs of women and men are considered, valued and favouredequally
4
Gender & climate change
Climate change and disasters affect women more than men:
social norms, food and water supply responsibilities, caring for
children and elderly, health
Women also have many tasks in agriculture/livelihoods, day-
labour, trade, but often fewer livelihood assets, limited access
to inputs, technology, information etc.
Gender analysis, capacity building, gender norms challenged,
and women’s participation in planning and implementing
climate change adaptation measures/women economic
empowerment, increasing leadership and accesses etc. can
lead to win-win: higher resilience, higher gender equality
B. Design and monitor gender indicator
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Gender indicators - overall
• It is important (but easy) to state that “gender should be mainstreamed into a programme”. But “how”
• “Gender indicators” are key
• Gender indicators are gender-sensitive index/indicators that used to measure changes the status and roles of women and men and gender related issues overtime
• These index/indicators are developed and monitored to ensure the consistent aims from the project design, implementation, measure and track changes, e.g. in gender equality promotion/women’s empowerment, resilience etc. as a direct or indirect result of the project interventions.
• By identifying these changes, the programme will know how the “thematic” programme (e.g. adaptation) can be more effective and how it contribute to overall gender equality.
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Gender indicators – development (1)• Gender analysis and early assessment (i.e. KAP) in relation to
programme settings are the basis for identifying gender issues -> strategy to address the issues <-> programme’s goal
• Gender indicators developed: in-line with identified issues, intervention strategy, programme goals, mandate, resources -> targeted changes the programme want to achieve
• Highlighting gender sensistiveness for designing indicators:
Gender equality and justice goal,
Gap/Equality of women and men over power relations, opportunities, roles, responsibilities, ownership, access to resources, membership
Division of labor, time, income,
Participation, decision
Gender norm, barries, policy/environment
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Gender indicators – development (2)
• Establishing gender indicators in:
All layers of programme indicators: Impact/Outcome, Output, Progress
All stages/components: assessing, planning, implementation, M&E, manamement, communication, reporting; capacity building, policy influencing, community strengthening etc.
• The indicators should be:
Both qualitative and quantitative
Disaggregated by sex, age, social group
Users and beneficiaries’ friendly
• Approach:
Participatory and contextualized
Practical
Using the thematic intervention as tools for gender equality promotion
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Indicators example
Remove, or click 'insert footer' to apply to all slides 10
Indicators Baselin
e 2016
VIETN
AM
Target Data
Source
Frequency
of data
collection
Data
collection
responsibili
ty
Data
Collection
Method
Remarks
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
Impact 1
Increased equality of economic opportunity
Project-targeted women increase
their average empowerment score
(WEAI)
0.878 x 0.90 x 0.92 Quantitative survey 3 times over project
cycle
Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
Outcomes 1
1.1 Increased practice of gender equitable norms
% of project-targeted women who
are empowered to make input into
productive decisions.
95,48% x 96% x 98% Quantitative survey 3 times over project
cycle
Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
% of project targeted women who
own productive resources (assets)
99,58% x 100% x 100% Quantitative survey 3 times over project
cycle
Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
the baseline is high
because the survey
explored both single and
joint ownership
% of project-targeted women who
are empowered to access and
make decisions on credit
48.30% x 50% x 52% Quantitative survey 3 times over project
cycle
Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
% of project-targeted women who
are empowered to control use of
income
94.43% x 95% x 97% Quantitative survey 3 times over project
cycle
Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
% of project-targeted women who
are empowered in group
membership roles
80.17% x 85% x 90% Quantitative survey 3 times over project
cycle
Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
% of project-targeted women who
are empowered to reduce
reproductive and increase
productive workload roles
48,82% x 50% x 55% Quantitative survey Bi-annually Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal
study using the 5DE of the
WEAI
Gender indicators - monitoring
• Monitoring is essential to ensure right track whether the programme progresses and achieves the established changes in gender issues, and identify what works, what doesn’t work and what need to change for improving the programme
• Monitoring gender indicators is essential emphasized part of overall monitoring:
Monitoring system formulation
Baseline is extremely important as basis for comparision changes vs starting point vs change
Monitoring framework: what to measure, what kind of data needed, how to collect, analyse, validate data
• Gender sensitiveness approach: who monitor, when, how, fromwhom etc.
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WEAI - Why is it innovative?
• Measures empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the
agricultural sector, including also climate smart agriculture,
agribusiness, adaptive livelihoods.
• WEAI comprises two sub indexes.
5DE- assesses the degree to which women are empowered in
five domains of empowerment .
Gender Parity Index [GPI] - measures gender parity
(percentage of women who are empowered as the men in their
households)
• Scientific, survey based- real time, real measure of empowerment
indicators
• But, rather complicated, high sampling, resources consuming
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WEAI Indicators
Domains Indicators Definition
Production • Input in productive decisions
• Autonomy in production
Concerns decisions of women/men about agricultural production and refers to sole or joint decision making about food and cash crop farming, and livestock and fisheries.
Resources • Ownership of assets
• Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets
• Access to and decisions on credit
This dimension concerns ownership of and access to productive resources such as land, livestock, agricultural equipment, consumer durables, and credit.
Income • Control over use of income
Concerns sole or joint control over the use of income and expenditures.
Leadership • Group membership
• Speaking in public
Concerns leadership in the community, here measured by membership in formal or informal economic or social groups.
Time • Workload• Leisure
Concerns the allocation of time to productive and domestic tasks
Example: recent WEAI survey in SNV programme
Input in productivedecisions
Ownership ofproductive resources
Access to and decisionson credit
Control over use ofincome
Group membership
Wokload
Women 6,40% 0,00% 15,80% 5,40% 24,20% 48,20%
Men 9,30% 0,00% 18,00% 5,20% 29,90% 37,60%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
% C
on
trib
uti
on
Vietnam: Contribution of each of 5DE indicators to disempowerment of disempowered men and women
0,000
0,020
0,040
0,060
0,080
0,100
0,120
0,140
WOMEN MEN
Dis
emp
oer
men
t In
dex
(M
0=1
-5D
E)
Workload Groupmember
Controlover useof income
Access toanddecisionson credit
Also considers the disempowered
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Example: recent WEAI survey in SNV programme
C. Case study
SNV Climate Smart Agriculture/Women Economic
Empowerment programme
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SNV approach: Balancing Benefits
18
Access, decisions, control
Market share
Business growth
Socio
-cultura
l norm
s
Market
Enterprise
Production
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Intervention Strategy:
• Leveraging agribusiness and climate smart
agriculture as tools for women economic
empowerment and resilience for sustainable
development
• Increasing capacity of government and local actors
to create bottom up pressure for women economic
empowerment, localise gender sensitive policies
and enhance gender equality in national/local
target policies/programmes
• Challenging gender norms through behaviour
change
• Increasing women’s capacity to lead successful
businesses
• Promoting womens’ leadership, intelectual roles in
climate responding/agriculture programme
• Holistic appoach vs overall development: health,
education, water sanitation/well being
SNV gender principles
Environmental sustainability: GHG emissions reduction/resilience increasing
in rice production
Economic integration: Increasing income and poverty reduction for farmers
women and men
Human resource and social development: Capacity building emphasizing
women empowerment, gender equality and social inclusion promotion.
21
Case 1: Sowing Seeds of Change project (DFAT)
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Gender equality promotion strategy
Pilars
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Intellectual- Techniques, - Technology- Researches
Leadership- Cooperatives- Farmers groups- Projects- Assignment
Business- Value chains- Businesses- Certification, - Standards- Contracts
Development- Knowledge, capacity- income and health- Voices and choice- parity
Case 2: FLOW/EOWE project (DGIS)
M&E TOOLS UNDER PROJECT COMPONENTS
PROJECT COMPONENTS MAIN INTERVENTION ACTIVITIES EVALUATING TOOLS CONDUCT TIME HOW TO CONDUCT
Increased equality of
economic opportunity
(1) Assessment/ Research
(2) Communication
activities
(3) Capacity building events
(4) Households and
Community Dialogues
WEAI Baseline
Mid-term
Endline
Conducted by independent agency, using
WEAI questionnaire, results: evaluation
indicators and comparision vs intervention
in each project period
Most Significant Change Once per year during implementation
phase
Instructed by SNV and conducted by local
partners (Provincal WUs and DARDs)
Impact Research/ Action
Research
2 or 3 times at fields during imlementation
phase
Conducted by World Bank + SNV team
Enhanced enabling
environment for women
economic empowerment
(1) Research/ Assessment
(2) Capacity building events
(3) Workshops/ Dialogues
5C tool Once per year during implementation
phase
Conducted by SNV.
SNV will discuss with local partners in
group, specifically to measure the
following indicators:
(i) the capability to commit and act,
for instance having clear task
divisions, a strategy and clear
decision-making processes;
(ii) the capability to relate, for
instance having stakeholder
relationships, be part of alliances
and initiatives with others;
Project-targeted women
increase their income from
business
(1) Capacity building events
(2) Trade promotion
activities
(3) Production development
acvitities
Information collected from SME
or Coop (Temp FLOW06)
Once per year Conducted by supported SMEs/
Cooperatives with SNV’s instruction
IBA evaluation package Twice per year
Impact Research/ Action
Research
2 or 3 times at fields during imlementation
phase
Conducted by World Bank + SNV team
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THANK YOU
Contact: Ms. Tran Tu Anh
Programme ManagerCSA/WEE, SNV Vietnam
Email: [email protected]
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