PereSala.CoordinatoroftheLandscapeObservatoryofCataloniaVilm,27October2015

LandscapeplanningatalocallevelinEuropeThecasesofGermany,France,theNetherlands,theUnitedKingdom,SwitzerlandandtheWalloonRegioninBelgium

Thepublication

JointpublicationoftheLandscapeObservatoryofCataloniaandtheGovernmentofAndorra.

CompletversioninCatalan:www.catpaisatge.net/fitxers/publicacions/planificacio/planificacio_paisatge.pdf

CompletversioninEnglish:

www.catpaisatge.net/fitxers/publicacions/planificacio/landscape_planning.pdf

Coincidenceintime

TheGovernmentofCataloniaisinprocessofdraftingthenewLawonTerritory,Urbanplanning,ArchitectureandLandscape.

TheGovernmentofAndorraiscurrentlyimplemen7ngtheNa7onalLandscapeStrategy(2012).

Startingpoint

Growinginterestoflocaladministrationsandentitiesforthelandscape.

Growingneedtoreviewthetoolsandthestrategiesonwhichlandscapepoliciesatalocallevelhavebeenbasedtodate.

Thetransferofthelandscapequalityobjectivesfromaterritorialleveltoalocallevelisstillpending.

InCatalonia

FindoutaboutthemainlandscapeplanningtoolsandexperiencesinthelocalareathatexistinEuropeandtoanalysetheirlinkwithlocalplanning,bothfromanurbanaswellasasectorialperspective.

Objectives

Tobringnewelementsofdebateandreflectionregardingtheincorporationofthelandscapeintoplanning.

Provideareferencetoolforprofessionalsandpeopleinterestedinlandscapeplanning

Firststep

Howarethesetoolslinkedtolocalplanning?

Howeffectivearethey?

Whatiscivilsociety’sroleinthem?

Howaretheyorganisedintheplanningsystemsandintherespectivelandscapepolicies?

TostudytoolsandplanningregulationsofsixpubliclandscapepoliciesthatarerecognisedinEurope:Germany,France,theNetherlands,theUnitedKingdom,SwitzerlandandtheWalloonRegioninBelgium.

Structureofthebook

1.  Introduction

2.  Landscapepolicies

3.  Landscapeplanningtools

4.  Landscapeinurbanplanning

5.  Financialtools

6.  Reflectionsonlandscapeplanningatalocallevel

7.  Bibliography

8.  AbbreviationsandAcronyms

Landscapeplanningtools

Germany

-LandscapePlan(Landschaftsplan)

France

-Landscapecharter(Chartepaysagère)

- Regionalnaturalparkcharter(CharteduParcnaturelrégional)

- Landscapeplan(Plandepaysage)

- ProtectionperimeterandRecoveryofPeriurbanAgriculturalAreas(PAEN)

- GreenandBlueNetwork(Trameverteetbleue)

TheNetherlands

- LandscapeDevelopmentplan(LOP,Landschapsontwikkelingsplan)

- LandscapeQualityPlan(Beeldkwaliteitplan,BKP)

- AestheticQualityRegulationandFrameworkPlan(Welstandsnota)

TheUnitedKingdom

-GreenInfrastructure,GI

Switzerland

-LandscapeDevelopmentPlan(Conceptiond’evolutiondupaysage,CEP)

TheWalloonRegion(Belgium)

-Landscapeprogram

Landscapeplanningtools

Landscapeinurbanplanning

France

-TerritorialCoherencePlan(SCOT)

-LocalUrbanDevelopmentPlans(PLU),PADDandOAP

- AreaofValorisationofArchitectureandHeritage(AVAP)

TheNetherlands

-ZoningPlanwithrespecttotheLOK(BestemmingsplanenLOK)

TheUnitedKingdom

-LandscapeCharacterAssessmentinLocalPlanning(LCAandlocalplanning)

Financialtools

France

-1%LandscapeandDevelopmentPolicy(1%Paysageetdéveloppement)

TheUnitedKingdom

-HeritageLotteryFund,HLF

Switzerland

-TheSwissFundforLandscape(FondSuïssepourlepaysage)

Exampleofpresentinganinstrument

Description

Content

Application

Exampleofpresentinganinstrument

Exampleoftheapplicationoftheinstrument

FromtheEuropeanLandscapeConventiontothelocalaction

TheCEPistriggeringinstitutional,regulatoryandplanningchangesandadaptationsnotonlyattheregionalandnational,butalsoatthelocallevel,whichopensupextremelyinterestingandsuggestiveperspectives...

Ever-increasingandpersistentdemandfromthegeneralpublictotakepartinthe“governmentofplaces”.

Localinstitutionsviewthelandscapeasapossibledrivingforcefortheirdevelopment,alocalattraction,asignofcivility,andawaytoraiselevelsofself-esteem,andqualityoflife.

Amodernlandscapepolicyatalocalleveltodayisrootedinavoidingtheextremedifferentiationbetweenoutstandinglandscapesandothersthatatfirstglanceseemtohavenovalue:theeverydayandordinarylandscapes,whicharetheimmensemajority.

Anintegratedapproach,consideringurban,periurban,ruralandnaturalareastogether.

FromtheEuropeanLandscapeConventiontothelocalaction

Landscapeplanningatalocallevelisincreasinglyconceivingthelandscapeastheresultoftheinteractionofnatureandculture,itispastanditispresent,itisknowledgeanditisemotion.

Landscapeplanningatalocallevelbeginsatanationallevel…

Importanceofhavingstrategiesatalllevelsofgovernment,fromnationaltolocallevels,whichareclearlylinkedtoeachother,therebyprovidingcoherencetothesystemasawhole.

Therelevantroleofthenationallandscapestrategies(Paysage2020,AgendaLandschap),whichareincreasinglyprominentinEurope.

Riskofusingexcessivelyrigidandprescribedmethodologiesandsystems,andwhicharethereforeinflexibleanddifficulttoadapttothespecificneedsofeacharea,andwhichhindertheworkoflocalsentitieswhenestablishingnew,moreimaginativewaysofacting,participatinganddeciding.

Landscapeplanningatalocallevelbeginsatanationallevel…

Movingfromtheregionaltotheurbanlevel

Wehavetotransferatthelocallevelthelandscapequalityobjectivesandimplementthemthroughurbanplanninganddevelopmentregulations,tothosethataffectspecificareasandurbandetails(suchusvolumes,texture,colour,landscapestructure,etc.),tolandscapecreationandthere-naturalisationofcities(LandscapeQualityPlans,ProtectionPerimeterandValorationofPeriurbanAgriculturalAreas-PAEN,GI…)

Relationshipbetweenlandscapeplanningandurbanplanning(TheNetherlands)

SchémadecohérenceterritorialRosselle(France)

Thesetoolsarelearningtowardsanintegrationofcontentswithinthereportsofurbandevelopmentplans,ratherthanbeingseparatedocuments.

Thefactthatissueslinkwiththeeverydaylandscape,owners,socialandeconomicstakeholdersandthepublicingeneraltotakeanactivepartinthedesignandthedevelopmentofthiswidevarietyoftools.

Movingfromtheregionaltotheurbanlevel

Relationshipbetweenlandscapeplanningandurbanplanning(TheNetherlands)

SchémadecohérenceterritorialRosselle(France)

Landscapeunitsasanareaforplanning

Manytoolsappeartofunctionbetterwhenappliedtoasupramunicipalarea(SwissLandscapeDeveopmentPlans,DeutchLandscapeQualityPlans,FrenchLandscapeChartersandLandscapePlans).

PlandepaysagedelaValléedelaThéveAmont(France)

Excellentbaseforlinkinglandscapeplanningdecisionswithurbanplanninginordertoformulatelocallandscapestrategies(linkedtoagricultural,tourist,culturalandeducationalareas,etc.),toimplementguidelines,toapplyregulations,ordevelopspecificprojects.

PlandepaysagedelaValléedelaThéveAmont(France)

Landscapeunitsasanareaforplanning

Functionalareasthatenableustomovefromgeneralizationtoconcreteinitiatives.

Beyondregulation:theforceofrecommendationsandgoodpractices

Enormousutilityofmanualsanddocumentsstatingrecommendationsandgoodpracticestoimprovethequalityofthelandscapeatthelocallevel.

Construirelepaysagededemain(Valonia) Guidedebonnespractiques(France)

Linkinglandscapeandurbanplanningisnotenough:linkswithlocalsectorialpolicies

Amodernlandscapepolicyatthelocallevelmustbetransversalandstrengthentheessentialrolethatcross-sectorialstrategiesplayinthearea(agriculture,tourism,heritage…),orthosewherethelandscapecanmeanafutureopportunity(intermsofthelocaldevelopment,economy,entrepreneurship,climatechange,health,socialcohesion,recreation,education,innovation,etc.).FrenchChartespaysagères

Movingbeyondtheviewofheritageinanaturalandculturalsense,asamersumofspecificfeatures,placesorbuildings

Anintegratedconceptionoflandscapeplanningatalocallevelincludetheculturalheritagethatisimpregnatedinthelandscape(whethercataloguedornot)asfactoroftheidentity,ofthememoryofaregion,orofthehistoricandculturalreferencesofaplace(historicalroadnetworks,drystonewalls,avenuestrees,fieldstructures,storytelling,legends,art,etc.).

Theefficacyoflandscapepoliciesatalocallevelinvolvesthecleardefinitionoftheactorsandtheirresponsibilitiesatalltimes(FrenchRegionalNaturalParkOffices,DutchLandscapeCoordinator).

CharteduParcnaturalrégionaldesPyrénéesCatalanes(France)

“Landscapecoordinator”

(TheNetherlands)

Acleardefinitionofresponsibilities

Encouragementratherthanfines

Promotingthepositiveandconstructivecharactersoftheinitiativesandregulatorylaws,avoidingtoolsandapproachesthatarereactionary,prohibitiveorpenalisinginnature,andwhichmaybecounterproductive.

ProgrammePaysage(WallonRegion,Belgium)

Locallandscapes,localmaps

Landscapemappinghelps–orshouldhelp-makethecomplexityofthelandscapeintelligibleandshouldbeadecision-makingtoolandcontributetoraisingtheawarenessofthelandscapetoinstitutionsandthepublicingeneral.

Possessclear,directandpreciselocal-levelmapsthatimprovetheincorporationoflandscapeissuesandperceptionsintourbanplanningandsectorialstrategies,focusedaboveallonaction.

Locallandscapes,localmaps

Havinggoodmappingwhichisidentifyingordescriptiveisnotsufficient,asrepresentationsthatarefocusedprimarilyonactionsarerequired.

Locallandscapes,localmaps

Today,thewaysofunderstandingandconveyingthecomplexityofthelandscapeareincreasinglydiverse(maps,photographs,3Danimations,augmentedreality,ITresourcesandinnovations,etc.)andnonealoneissufficientforachievinganintegratedvisionandinterpretation.

Locallandscapes,localmaps

Newsourcesoffundingforthelandscapeatlocallevel

Importantthatfundinginvolveslocalstakeholders,public-privateenterprises(companies,foundations,banks,etc.),patronage,sponsorshiporotherimaginativesystems,yettobeexplored.

LandscapePartnership(UK)

FondsuisseproulePaysage(Switzerland)

Afinalconsideration

Demandfornewformsofgovernance,oflandscapedemocracy,ofinvolvementofsocietyinmanagingthelandscapeasacommongood,basedoncollec7veandcollabora7vework,withnewformsofinterac7onandpar7cipa7onbetweenagents.

Todaywearewitnessingahostoflocalini7a7vesdrivenbycivilsocietywithenormouspoten7al.

www.catpaisatge.net/monlocal

Afinalconsideration

Editedby:PereSala,LauraPuigbert,GemmaBretchaDirectionandcoordination:PereSalaAnnaMolesEditorialteamoftheinitialtechnicaldocument:IreneNavarroRoserGinjaumeJordiGrauÀgataLosantos

Acknowledgements:

ChrisBlakePauwelBogaertFrédéricBonaviaMireilleDeconinckMaguelonneDéjeant-PonsGerhardErmischerGrahamFaircloughDirkGotzmannNiekHazendonkTapioHeikkiläAnnaJiménezLucieJulienFelipJuste

FelipJusteLuigiMesiscaBasPedroliKarinaPeñaNatàliaRoviraGillesRudazRobSchröderJean-FrançoisSeguinEliseSouffletAndreasStladerMatthiasStremlowGerrit-JanVanHerwaardenStephanieWilbrand

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