Integrated Farm Pest ManagementDr.Nazar Alanbaky

Plant Protection office / MoA

Joint Work Shop/MoA & HSADJune 10-11-2014

On-farm integrated management of Ascochyta blight on spring planted chickpea and variety evaluation in North Iraq Location/site: Nineveh (Alqoosh); Erbil /Ainkawa

Objectives To evaluate candidate chickpea varieties for their resistance to

Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt; To develop integrated management for Ascochyta blight and

Fusarium wilt on spring planted chickpea To dissect the Pathogenic variability of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.

ciceri

On-farm evaluations of promising chickpea genotypes resistant to Ascochyta blight and wilt/root rot on spring planted chickpea in North Iraq

Severe Ascochyta Blight

Table 1. Agronomic traits of two chickpea genotypes tested at Alqoush during the growing season of 2012/13

Agronomic traitsGenotypes

FLIP 06-156C FLIP05-133C

Flowering dates 70 72

Days to maturity 125 128

Pant height (cm) 50 51

100 seed weight(g) 30 31.5

Yield (T/h) 1.3 1.3

Table 2: Influence of selected bio control agents & bio fertilizers on incidence of wilt on chickpea plants

Treatments Disease incidence (%)

Control efficiency(%)

Rhizobium 20 50

Trichoderma 10 75

Pseudomonas 12 70

Bacillus 10 75

PGPR (Mixed bioagents) 15 63

Control 40

On –Farm use of biofertilizer on wheat and chickpea (Location: Nineveh Alqoosh ).

Objective: Evaluation of some biofertilizers to investigate their role as a safe and effective alternative to the chemical fertilizers and as plant growth promoter, on spring chickpea.

Table 13: Effect of bio agents combination (bio fertilizer and bio pesticide) on chickpea growth and wilt disease.

Treatments

Dose

Length of plant/cm

Shoot dry weight/gm No. f pods/plantSeed weight/

gm/m^2No. nodules/

plantDry weight of nodules/mg Wilt

incidence (%)0* 1/4*

1/2*

0* 1/4* 1/2* 0* 1/4* 1/2* 0* 1/4* 1/2* 0*1/4*

1/2* 0* 1/4* 1/2*

R 42 43 37 34.33 50.08 53.83 18.88 25.70 24.82 5.11 8.17 7.82 6 10 15 95 130 186 20

T+R 30 32 33 31.66 41.4 43.00 20.29 23.52 26.47 5.88 8.67 8.23 7 11 17 157 138 192 10

P+R 35 37 38 36.25 40.00 54.58 20.58 23.70 24.52 6.47 8.94 9.11 8 15 20 159 195 235 12

PGPR 39 33 35 28.53 35.25 44.33 18.86 20.58 22.94 5.52 6.82 6.7 6 11 16 133 136 135 10

B+R 32 34 38 31.66 35.75 40.58 19.55 22.35 27.65 6.04 7.76 8.05 7 14 14 140 205 200 15

CONTROL 25 29 30 28.5 32.5 33.83 15.7 14.70 16.17 4.82 5.58 7.11 3 6 6 54 80 87 40

0* = zero amount of chemical fertilizer.1/4*= quarter of recommended amount of chemical fertilizer.1/2*= half of recommended amount of chemical fertilizer

Practical field activities

IPM on Major Date Palm Insect Pests

Objectives

Introducing at farmer’s level safe, effective and IPM compatible insecticides as alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for the control of Dubas Bug ,Lesser Date Moth (Alhumara) & Borers.

Raising ministry’s field staff and farmers’ awareness and knowledge regarding management of major date palm insect pests.

Improving date palm yield and quality.

On-farm integrated management of Dubas bug on date palm Locations/sites: Baghdad/Abu-Ghraib, Babil /Hashimia, Mahaweel,

Karbala/AinTemr

Table 3 Field efficacies of selected botanical pesticides against nymphal stage of dubas bug O. lybicus. Babil Governorate, Spring generation 2013.

Treatment

Rate of

Use/ Lit.

Governorate/site

Area/ (h)

Average Pre-

Treatment

Infestation

(Nymph/ Leaflet)

Average Post – Treatment Infestation (Nymph/ Leaflet)

In Days

Efficacy (%)

7 14 21 28

*Mixture(1:10) :Neem 1% Azadrachtin + Summer Oil

1.5 + 15 ml

Babil/ Almahaweel

3 3.51 0.09 0.12 0.39-

90

Control 3.51 2.20 4.33 3.79 -

**Oxymatrine 2.4 EC

2 mlBabil/

Alhashimia2 7.4 0.68 0.17 0.80 1.73 62

Control 7.44 2.29 18.95 13.18 4.54

*Experiment was conducted on May 13th, 2013** Experiment conducted on April 28th,

Table.4. Field efficacies of selected botanical pesticides against nymphal stages of dubas bug O. lybicus. Karbala province, Spring 2013.

Treatment

Rate of

Use/ Lit.

Area(h)

Average Pre-

Treatment Infestation

Egg/ Leaflet

Average Post – Treatment Infestation Nymph/ Leaflet In Days

7 14 21 28 35 42 49%

Efficacy

*Mixture (1:10): Neem

1% Azadrachtin + Summer

Oil

1.5 + 15 ml

3.0 4.78 4.84 1.35 7.42 1.55 0.63 2.56 5.21 79

Oxymatrine 2.4 EC

2 ml 1.0 4.78 2.46 0.68 0.27 0.81 0.56 1.49 2.8 89

Control 2.0 4.78 4.85 1.71 13.11 7.32 5.56 21.29 24.77 *Treatment conducted on March 24th, 2013

Table 5. Field efficacies of selected botanical insecticides against nymphal stages of dubas bug O. lybicus. Baghdad / Abu Ghraib Orchard no.1 (Spring 2013).

Treatment

Rate of

Use ml/Lit

Area(h)

Pre- Treatment

Nymph/Leaflet

Post - Treatment Nymph/Leaflet(Days)

% Efficacy

7 14 21 28

Oxymatrine 2.4 EC

2 2

108.37

5.66 2.78 0.16 1.0393

Neem(1% Aza)

3 1 15.10 4.18 2.88 3.9267

Mixture(1:10): Neem+ Summer Oil

1.5+ 15

1 108.37

28.58 12.41 3.42 3.44 86.5

Control 1 108.37 43.03 21.29 13.06 14.59

Table 7. Effect of Different treatments on the productivity of some date palmvarieties at selected Provinces (Spring 2013).

TreatmentDates Variety

GovernorateNo.

Bunches / Tree

Average bunch weight

Kg

Total Yield/ Kg/Tree

No. Beneficiary

Farmers

Oxymatrine 2.4 EC

Khestawy Karbella

13 13 169

4Mixture(1:10)

Neem 1% Aza + Summer Oil

13 12 156

Control 9 9 81

Oxymatrine 2.4 EC Khestawy Babil 8 30 2402

Control 9 17 153

Oxymatrine 2.4 EC

Barhee Baghdad

8 10 80

5Neem 1% + Summer Oil

8 8 64

Neem 1% 6 6 36Control 7 5 35

Oxymatrine 2.4 ECKhestawy Baghdad

14 13 182

5Neem 1% 8 10 80

Control 8 7 56

Fig. 2 .Effect of Oxymatrine, Neem and mixture of Neem and Summer Oil on the yield of selected varieties of date palm

On- farm integrated management of lesser date moth on date palm (LDM)

Description: Disseminating the use of the Bio-Control agents as one package (BT as a spray, egg parasitoids, larvae parasitoids) for the control of Lesser date moth to more farmers and areas.

Objectives:Select effective IPM options for the management of lesser date moth and dissemination to more farmers.

Table 10. Influence of IPM package on infestation of LDM in different sites

Province/Site%infestation before treatment

Treatment

Infestation/ 2wks after tmt.

Infestation/ one month after tmt.

Infest. (%)

Eff. control (%

Infest. (%)

Eff. control

(%)

Basra/Al-Nashwa

3.77Bt.+egg&larvae

parasitoid5.9

629.7

62Control 15.1 19.8

L.S.D(P < 0.05) For percent infestation ,Treatments=2.041, Dates =2.041, Interaction =2.887Karbalaa/Ain-

Tamr5.1 Bt.+egg&larvae

parasitoid6.5 69 5.29 72

Control 18.9 18.4L.S.D(P < 0.05) For percent infestation ,Treatments=2.288, Dates =2.288, Interaction =3.235

Al-Anbar/Al-Saqlawyia

4.5 Bt.+egg&larvae parasitoid

2.63 65 4.64 70

Control 7.39 15.38L.S.D(P < 0.05) For percent infestation ,Treatments=2.214, Dates =2.214, Interaction =3.131

Mayssan/ Al-Kahlaa

7.1 Bt.+egg&larvae parasitoid

5.06 61 7.5 57

Control 12.8 16.2

L.S.D(P < 0.05) For percent infestation ,Treatments=0.786, Dates =0.786, Interaction =3.235

Field Release of Egg & Larval Parasitiods

Province Treatments

Parameters

Mean no. fruits/

strands

Weight of bunch (kg.)

Yield /tree (kg.)

Percent of yield

increase (%)

Basrah Bt.+egg&larvae parasitoid

21.5 6.425 79.5

33.6control 15.7 4.736 59.58

Karbala Bt.+egg&larvae parasitoid

30.01 9.917 107.2 38.5

control 22.5 7.604 77.4

Mayssan Bt.+egg&larvae parasitoid

23.5 9.178 81.8 23.8

control 17.1 7.261 66.1

Al-Anbar Bt.+egg&larvae parasitoid

25.4 11.123 115.1

37control 18.5 7.305 84

L.S.D(P < 0.05) 6.6 1.22 20.49

Table 11.Some yield components of date palm trees treated with combination of bioagents at different Provinces during 2013.

On- farm integrated management on date palm borers

Objective• Influence of Solar Traps and agriculture practices to

reduce the number of borers in date palm fields and their impact on yield.

Training on Composting & OF

Table.13. Number of farmers benefiting or accepting the concept of IPM on date palm and area covered in different sites

Activity Province/Site Area of experiment

(H)

Area of benefiting

surrounding orchards

(H)

No. Farmers benefiting and accepting IPM technology on

date palm in the site

On-Farm IPM for dubas bug

Baghdad/Fahama 4 200 35Baghdad/Abu-Ghraib 3 14 10

Karbalaa/AinTamr 3 31 42Karbalaa/Aun 3 61 51

Babil/Hashimia 2 35 45Babil/Mahaweel 3 30 30

Total 18 371 213

On-Farm IPM for LDMAl-Anbar/Al-Saqlawyia 5 25 25

Karbalaa/Ain Tamr 5 30 18Missan/Al-Kahlaa 3 25 12Basra/Al-Nashwa 4 25 27

Total 17 105 82

On-Farm OF on date palm

Karbalaa/AinTamt 1.5 10 10Babil/Al-Mahaweel 1.5 3 6

Dewanyia/Dewanyia 1.5 15 10 Total 4.5 28 26

Grand Total 39.5 504 321

PROJECT Training Course & SITE VISITS/IPM

Table.14. Training in IndiaDuration Institute/City No.

Trainees Title of training Item

6/6 – 20/6/

2014

Centre for Agricultural Technologies, Assessment & Transfer (CATAT), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi

5

Bio- Fertilizers and Bio-pesticides in Agriculture

1.

1/6 -/15/6/

2014

National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, (NBAII), Bangalore, Karnataka

7

Bio-intensive integrated pest and disease management (Mass rearing/Entomology)

2.

6/6 – 20/6/

2014

Centre for Agricultural Technologies, Assessment & Transfer (CATAT), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi

4

Bio –organic fertilization in Agriculture

3.

16 Total

HARVEST OF HSAD

ACTIVITIES

Concluding RemarksPresented Field Data have strongly indicated that Botanical Insecticides ; Neem EC

(1% Azadrachtin), Oxymatrine EC alone or in combination with Summer Oil were an effective alternative control measures against Dubas Bug . Bio agents namely ; Bt, eggs & larval parasitiods were an effective IPM package to manage Lesser Date Moth . Solar Traps was an effective tool for Monitoring & Control of major Date Palm Borers. Bio pesticides ( Trichoderma) & Bio Fertilizers ( Rhizobium,Psedomonas & Bacillus and tolerant genotype gave dual effects by reducing Ascochyta & Fusarium wilt incidence and enhance productivity of Chickpea.Noticeable Role of HSAD Project on offering Research & New Technology Materials , as well as supporting Local & International Training Program. Finally Two important Notes:

All most all HASAD IPM activities were based on the outcome of previously completed national & international Projects. Both changing of HSAD Work Plan and the Urgency to show results (Rapid Impacts) caused negative impacts on the conduct of the project.

Thanksfor listening