Guidelines for Documenting Your Design

2015 REGIONAL CONFERENCES

True or False?

EWB-USA is the only international development organization which

monitors 100% of their implementation projects 1 year

after they are completed.

Guidelines for Documenting Your Design


Purpose of Presentation


EWB-USA members implement 600+ projects around the world in six disciplines

Structures

Sanitation

Energy

Civil WorksAgriculture

Water

Part 1: Design Drawings 101What is a Design?


Design Drawings 101What is a Design?

• Drawings• Specifications• Calculations








Design Drawings 101Why do we draw?


Assessment Tool

Design Tool / Communications Tool

Design Drawings 101Why do we draw?


Implementation Tool Teaching Tool

Design Drawings 101Design Drawing Example


Design Drawings 101Complete Drawing Set

• Title Page – who, where, what, index of drawings, site location

• Site Layout - map of community showing important features and work area

• Project Plan – Plan view of entire system to be constructed

• Details – Drawing of each component, both plan views and cross sections as needed


Design Drawings 101Title Page


Design Drawing 101Site Layout/Community Map

Insert good example – ideally without the system layout on it .

Add call outs for specific items that are in the notes below


Design Drawings 101Complete Drawing Set


Part 2: Recommended Drawing Sets


Structures

Sanitation

Energy

Civil WorksAgriculture

Water

Recommended Drawing SetWater Supply and Distribution


Recommended Drawing Set

• Title Page

• Site Layout

• System Layout

• Water System Profile

• Component plans: springbox or wellhead, storage tank, valve chamber, low point drain, tapstand

• Typical pipe installation details, including trench cross section

• Details: overflow or tapstand runoff (erosion control), thrust blocks


Recommended Drawing SetExample System Layout


Recommended Drawing SetExample Pipe Profile

• Baseline with stationing • Appropriate scale• Existing ground surface and

pipeline profile• Static pressure level for

system in unused state• Hydraulic grade line for

system • Branch lines and critical

points• Pipe sizes, materials and

ratings• Unusual conditions such as

road or gully crossings


Recommended Drawing SetPipe Profile with Hydraulic Grade Line


Recommended Drawing SetStorage Tank Plan and Sections


Recommended Drawing SetStorage Tank Plan and Section


Recommended Drawing SetRainwater Catchment Details


Recommended Drawing SetRainwater Catchment Details

• Existing roof structure• Gutter and leaders

attachment• Tank support detail • First flush details• Fill, overflow, and drain lines• Scour protection at

discharge


Recommended Drawing SetSanitation - Latrines


Recommended Drawing Set• Title Page

• Site Layout and Site Plan• Plan and section views• Wall section of lined pit • Enclosure details – wall and roof

materials, attach to slab or foundation support, connection of roof to walls, doors, ventilation

• Access hatches or alternating pits for composting latrine


Recommended Drawing SetLatrine – Slab Reinforcement


• Details: slab reinforcement and support, lifting points

• Wall section of lined pit • Enclosure details – wall and roof

materials, attach to slab or foundation support, connection of roof to walls, doors, ventilation

• Access hatches or alternating pits for composting latrine

Recommended Drawing SetLatrine – Details


Recommended Drawing SetElectrification by Photovoltaic System


Recommended Drawing SetElectrification by Photovoltaic System

• Title Page • Community Map• Solar panel layout and support• Location and arrangement of controls and batteries • Demonstrate adequate space, access and ventilation• One-line diagram of electrical components• Three-wire diagram of electrical system• Details for grounding and lightning protection• Details for conduit burial or surface-mounting as appropriate• Light fixture and outlet types and locations on building plans


Photovoltaic SystemExample Connection Diagram


Recommended Drawing SetStructures - Building (School / Clinic)


Recommended Drawing SetBuilding

• Title Page • Community Map• Site plan at building location• Building plan

• Layout and Framing plan for roof• Typical sections• Structural component reinforcement• Connection details• Finishes


Recommended Drawing SetBuilding


Recommended Drawing SetEarth Retaining Structures


Recommended Drawing SetEarth Retaining Structure - Dam

• Consider whether earth pressure is a concern.

• Geometry of structure, • Wall and slab

thicknesses, materials, depth of embedment, and interconnections.

• Reinforcement size, spacing and

• Backfill• Masonry reinforcement• Finishes


Recommended Drawing SetEarth Retaining Structure – Partially Buried Tank


Recommended Drawing Set Summary

No matter what you are building, consider the following guidelines:

• Show WHAT you are building, WHERE you are building it, HOW it is put together.

• ZOOM IN on your project through the drawing set: • Big picture: Where is your community, and who is partnering for your

Project? (Title Page) • Where in the community will the project be implemented? (Location

or context plan)• What are you building, and how does it relate to its site? (Site plan)• What does the project look like, from above, front, back, sides?

(Plan and elevation views)• What is it made from? (Typical sections)• How is it put together? (Details)


Part 3: Tips and Resources Professional Touches

• Provide a graphic scale as well as noting the scale; if someone plots the drawing at less than full size, measurement can still be obtained.

• Number and date all drawings. Highlight and date any revisions.• Be consistent with dimensions; either metric or English, but not both.• Indicate data sources where appropriate (Google Earth, USGS, etc.)• Where a project such as a roadway or pipeline must be shown across

several drawings, provide a key map and match lines so it is clear how the sheets relate.

• Provide a baseline with stationing for linear projects (roads or pipelines), this is critical if you are providing a profile or cross-sections.

• Consider using vertical exaggeration for profiles; 1 Horizontal: 10 Vertical is common.

• Label, label, label. Provide references to specific drawings or details as needed.


Improving Your DrawingsAvoid Common Missteps and Omissions

• How are things held up? Depict and detail pads, towers, supports• Pipe and conduit installation details / roadway crossings• Internet-sourced sketches (latrines and springboxes are common) may be

helpful starting points, but be sure that they are relevant to your project and adapt them for your site geometry and conditions

• If you show a manufacturer’s drawing (such as a precast septic tank), be sure that it reflects how you plan to build, and provide calculations and design drawings.

• Show wall thicknesses and joinery details on buildings or enclosures• If you are putting something new (solar panel, rain gutters) on something

old (roof or tower), be sure to accurately measure the existing structure and how it is built so you can design attachments and verify capacity – or understand what might need to be modified or rebuilt.


Project Resources http://www.ewb-usa.org/resources/

• EWB-USA Guidelines (select “Technical Guidelines” filter)• EWB-USA Bridge Design Guidelines• Recommendations for PV Projects• Design Checklist for Rainwater Catchment Projects• Drilled Well Design Checklist• Design Checklist for Solar PV Projects

• Example Documents (search for “525 example” in search bar)• Various example 525 Reports• Various example Drawing Sets

• Recorded Presentations (select “Presentation” filter)• How to Prepare a 525 – Pre-Implementation Report• Water Supply 3-Part Series


Government & Nonprofit

Guidelines for Documenting Your Design