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This presentation provides an overview on the framework I developed to monitor the implementation of the CRPD on the local level. The framework is based on combining 5 evaluative criteria and provides methodological, theoretical, and empirical contributions the field of urban planning.
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+Capability Model of Disability Policy: Assessing Equity in the Emirate of Dubai
Victor Santiago Pineda, PhDChancellor’s Postdoctoral Research FellowDepartment of City and Regional PlanningUniversity of California, Berkeley
2+Outline
1. Motivation
2. Research Question
3. Relevance
4. Attitudes Study
5. Contributions
6. Research Direction
2
3+Environmental Determinants of Disability
D = f(FL)x f(E)
DFL
= disability= functional limitation
E = environment
4+Motivation: lands far far away...
Boldly go where few western chair have gone before
4
5+Motivation
5
Dubai is one of the most dynamic and least understood cities…
Dubai 1990 Dubai 2003
Incubator for tremendous experiments
6+Context
6
Map of Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf
7+Context
7
Issues of Justice: Labor, Gender, Orientation, Environmental
+
Claims
“Law removes barriers for people with special needs”- Gulf News 2006
“future for the disabled is here” - Dubai WTC, 2005
9+Research QuestionHow successful has the UAE and particularly the local government of the Emirate of Dubai been in implementing Federal Law No. 29 of 2006?
10+Relevance to Equity
Who’s Law Is It Anyway?
How do cultural constructs of disability or
social attitudes towards people with
disabilities inhibit the implementation of this
law?
10
Physical, Social, Cultural Dimensions
11
+ Relevance: Planning for Diverse Communities
Developed Assessment Tools
11
What ends?
What means?
What outcomes?assets
resources
knowledge
capacities
skillsmoney
tools
InternationalNorms
LocalImplementation
Local Conventions
?
?
??
?
?
??
?
12+Questions demand an integrative comparative analysis
Executive and Budgetary Support
Legislative Measure
Attitudes Towards Target Group
Participation of Target Groups
Administrative & Coordinating
Capacity
Evaluative Criteria
12
13+Attitudes and Bias
Impact of Attitudes on Equity Innate Attraction
Acceptance, “+ ” valence, cultural match Innate Aversion
Rejection, “-” valence, cultural conflict
The Role of Salience in Implementing International Norms “Scholars repeatedly conclude that domestic salience is
crucial to many cases of states' compliance with international norms, but they rarely provide definitions or operational measures for the concept and, instead, merely assert that the norm in question was salient.” (Cortel and Davis, 2000, p. 67)
13
14+Salience Analysis and Interpretations “When a cultural match exists, domestic actors are likely
to treat the international norm as a given, instinctively
recognizing the obligations associated with the norm…
When the international norm conflicts with
understandings, beliefs, or obligations established in the
domestic sphere, domestic actors may then find appeals
to the international norm to be ineffective in garnering
support for a particular policy.” (Cortel and Davis, 2000)
14
+
Assessing Salience
Studying Attitudes
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+Established Survey Instrument
Example Questions:
8. Disabled people are in many ways like children.
N=630
23 Questions
Piloted in Arabic and English
Demographics
Indicators Measure Attitudes Cross-Sectors
(-3) Strongly Disagree
(-2) Disagree
(-1) Slightly Disagree
( 1) Slightly Agree
( 2) Agree
( 3) Strongly Agree
Instrument: Antonak (1982, 1998)
+
International Norm on Education
Cronbach’s Alpha = .71
Coding Constructs
Employment11. Most disabled people are willing to work. 16. The opportunity for gainful employment should be provided to disabled people.
20. Equal employment opportunities should be available to disabled individuals. 21. Laws to prevent employers from discriminating against disabled people should be passed.
22. Disabled workers should receive at least the minimum wage established for their jobs.
23. Disabled individuals can be expected to fit into competitive society.
18+Attitudes towards Persons with Disabilities in the Emirate of Dubai
19+ Findings: Not Salient
CRPD - A.26UAE - 7
CRPD - A.20UAE - 25
CRPD - A.24UAE - 12,15
CRPD - A.29UAE - None
CRPD - A.26UAE - None
CRPD - A.25UAE - 10,11
CRPD - A.27UAE - 16,19
20+ Contribution: Theoretical Framework
20
Contributions:Iceberg ofInequity
Basic Functioning
Basic Freedoms
22+Expanding Definitions
D = f(FL) x
D = f(FL)
(Eph, Es , Ei)
x (E)
23+Comparative Measures of Disability Policy (CMDP)
Executive and Budgetary Support
Legislative Measure
Attitudes Towards Target Group
Participation of Target Groups
Administrative & Coordinating
Capacity
24+Research Direction
Refine theory and test methodology
Publish a series of empirical studies
Studies inform assessment of comparative disability policy
Leverage key relationships to impact practice
Larger Context
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5/25/08
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6/29/08
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7/04/08
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7/19/08
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7/31/08
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8/21/08
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9/4/08
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9/25/08
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10/2/08
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10/6/08
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12/19/08
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5/7/09
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7/27/09 - 1041
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7/27/09 - 1051
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9/27/09
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2/5/10
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4/2/10
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10/23/10
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3/23/12
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4/17/13