Budget for Children in the Union Budget

2011-2012

Prepared by HAQ Team, February 28, 2011 Landline: - +91-11-26673599 Mobile: - Enakshi: +91-9810168978, Madhumita: +919899221766, Bharti: +91-9871849521. Photo credit: Gaurav Akrani; Kalyan-City.Blogspot.com

No Protection for Aam Bachcha

FM Speak…. The UPA Government has engineered a major directional change in public policy by its focus on inclusive development….

The right to information and the right to education are effective

tools of empowerment for removing social imbalances….

Above all, there is the 'challenge of growing aspiration' of a

young India.

I see the Budget for 2011-12 as a transition towards a more

transparent and result oriented economic management system in

India…. This will set the tone for a newer, vibrant and more

efficient economy…….

Status of Children in India India is 119 among 169 countries in United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI), 2010 due to poor social infrastructure, mainly in areas of education and healthcare.

India has the largest young population in the world; 42 per cent of the population is below 18 years of age. 164 million of them are aged 0-6 years

Only 35 per cent of the births are registered

26 million children are born in India every year, constituting 20 per cent of the world‘s infants, of whom 1.2 million die within four weeks of being born, which is 30 per cent of the global neo-natal deaths

Over 57 per cent children die before their first birthday and one out of every 14 children die before reaching the age of five years

About 35 per cent of the people living with disabilities in India are children and young adults in the 0-19 age group

There are only 927 girls to 1,000 boys 0-6 years, showing the terrible impact of sex selection in India over the last decade-and-a-half. About 35 percent of the districts registered child sex ratios below the national average of 927 females per 1000 males

164 million children in India are in the 0-6 year age group, of whom about 60 million are in the age group 3-6 years. Only 4 million children in this age group are covered by pre- schooling initiatives either under the ICDS or private initiatives, excluding about 26 million children from any intervention.

Of every 100 children who enrolled in school, 70 per cent drop out before they reach secondary school, of every 100 children who drop out of school, 66 are girls

India is home to the largest number of child labourers; they number 12.59 million according to the 2001 census. It would be many more if all the out of school children were accounted for

Physical and psychological punishment is rampant in the name of disciplining children and is culturally accepted

Most child protection concerns remain under-documented and the absence of systematic and reliable data impacts planning and intervention. There is no figure available for many categories of children in need of care and protection

According to NACO, there were an estimated 55 thousand HIV infected 0-14 year old children in India in 2003. UNAIDS, however, puts this figure at 0.16 million children

Children still Crying for More Protection Children in any society constitute the most vulnerable group which needs ‘protection’ and is a responsibility of the state as well as the members of the society. Despite some commendable efforts and achievements of the Indian state, it is an explicit fact that the majority of children in India are suffering, deprived of basic resources and needs for an average human existence. Due to their own incapacity to fight for their rights, the ‘unprotected child’ in India is a collective failure of the Indian. Recognising this, the focus of the Eleventh Five Year Plan is on:

―Creating a protective environment for children through implementation of schemes and programmes based on the best interest of the child. Some of the current initiatives only address the needs of children once they have fallen through the protective net. … Ensuring multi-pronged programme, focusing on preventing children from falling out of the protective net, ameliorative initiatives for children who are already out of the protective net, and ensuring long-term and sustainable rehabilitation by upgrading quality of services and addressing regional imbalances.‖

This year‘s analyses needs to be read with this context in mind.

Key Findings

1. Here is the share of Children in the Union Budget 2011-2012:

I.The share for children has shown a very small increase from 4.65 per cent in 2010-11 to 5.03 per cent

II. As always Education Sector has received the highest share. But share of development and health have shown a decrease over last year.

2. Steadily low allocations for Protection:

Protection has always been the sector with the lowest share of resources. It was to address this

that anomaly that the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) had been conceived, which

subsumed all programmes under this umbrella scheme. Unfortunately it never received the

funding that was estimated (Rs 1338.06 of which the Central share was 1071.03 crore for the

years 2008-09 to 2011-12) and worse, the allocations were not utilised. Mid-term appraisal of

the 11th Plan Rs. 300 crore was needed for only one year 2010-11.

This year’s allocation of Rs.243 Crore is lower than what was allocated in 2010-11

(Rs.270 crore). This is because the implementation of ICPS from the very beginning

can as best be describes as

tardy. There has been a

dilution seen from the very

beginning. In 2009-10

against the allocation of

Rs.180 crore, the RE was

reduced to 54 crore and the

actual expenditure was only 42.63 crore. In 2010-11 too the revised expenditure (RE)

was brought down to Rs. 88 crore.

It is only in the last year of the 11th Plan period that 33 MOUs have finally been signed

leading the way for its implementation in the states, which is when the resources is

required. How can a reduction in resources ensure implementation?

With the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) statistics showing a 19 per cent

increase in crimes against children from 2007 to 2009, how does the Finance Minister

justify this meagre allocation?

3. Health allocations once again take a back-seat.

Within the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MOHFW), the share for children has gone down from 21.7per cent in 2010-11 to 17.56per cent in the current budget

Polio seems to have taken a beating with a sharp dip in allocation not keeping in focus the increasing cases of polio. What accounts for this decrease when clearly all children are not covered by immunisation and Polio has not been eradicated?

4. Education gets a fillip.

The allocation for education (elementary and secondary) has seen an almost 30 per cent increase.

Two new scholarship schemes at the pre-metric level for SC and ST students and increase in scholarship for minority children is indeed welcome. But the over 34 per cent in the National Means cum Merit Scholarship Scheme at the secondary stage is bound to impact access of poor children who do not fall in to these categories.

There is a 40 per cent hike in the allocation for (SSA) which constitutes 65.32 per cent of the total allocation made for Elementary education out of which 57.1 per cent

A day's cost to run one Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) and one Child

Welfare Committee (CWC), as required by the Juvenile Justice

Care and Protection Act, 2000 for the 602* districts in the

country amounts to almost Rs. 21, 00,000/day. And this is only

one small component of the ICPS.

comes from Parambhik Shiksha Kosh (PSK) which is collected from the 2 per cent cess that every citizen —aam aadmi and baccha, contributes. It is ironical that despite contributing to creating the resources for education large number of children still remains out of school.

Besides, what does it say about government‘s own commitment towards investment in education?

5. All is not lost though. There are some sweet notes:

Large increase in the allocations in the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and Midday Meal Schemes will hopefully stem the dropout rate and the fillip given to Education with 40 per cent increase in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) allocation will herald a new era in education.

Rs. 45 crore prematric scholarship for Scheduled tribe children

Rs. 196 crore prematric scholarship for Scheduled caste children

Major increase in setting up of 6000 model schools

Attention to inclusive education …the disabled children have some reason to cheer

How serious are we about the Budget Provisions for Schemes for the Welfare of Children?

How HAQ calculates BfC? Statement 22 (Budget Provisions for Schemes for Welfare of Children) of the Expenditure Budget Volume-I, 2011-12, Government of India introduced since 2007 gives us Government‘s estimations of its investment for children. As per Statement 22, the total allocation for children is Rs. 56748.60 crore, which is 4.51 per cent of the Union Budget. However, according to HAQ‘s calculation the total allocation for children is Rs. 63251.14 crore and the percentage share in Union budget is 5.03 per cent. This is because for our calculations we also included the following scheme of the Ministry of Women and Child Development.—

Relief to and Rehabilitation of Rape Victims

Comprehensive Scheme for Combating Trafficking (Ujjawala)

Swadhar On the other hand Statement 22 also includes the contribution towards of the Union government towards the Union Territories for some schemes related to children. It also includes some (nominal) allocation made by other departments viz, department of Post, Atomic Energy, Nuclear Power, Industrial Policy and Promotion and Telecommunication. These allocations from the departments could not be found when we looked at the notes on demands for grants of the respective departments, and has not been included by HAQ for our calculations Despite this we give more credit to the government than it does to itself!!!

Sectorwise Allocation for Children in the Union Budget 2011-12

Education Sector in BfC

According to the findings of Accountability Initiatives, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) accounts for 60per cent of GOI‘s elementary education budget and 63per cent of funds for SSA come from the 2 per cent cess1.

According to an independent study, it states that the number of out of school children has come down from 134.6 Lakhs in 2005 to 81.5 Lakhs in 20092.

Under Mid-day meal scheme, a total number 11.04 crore children (7.85 crore in primary and 3.19 crore in upper primary stages) have been benefited under the programme in 2009-102.

Ninth report of the Supreme Court Commissioners, 2009 found neither Government of India nor the state governments have provided funds for meeting the full expenditure on SNP for adolescent girls.

In states such as Bihar and Rajasthan, less than 40 per cent of children under six are reported as getting supplementary nutrition and most states spent less than the stipulated amount of Rs.2 per day per child. In Assam the expenditure was lower than Re.1 per child per day3.

Source: 1Accountability Initiatives 2Economic Survey 2010-11 3Ninth report of the Supreme Court Commissioners, www.righttofood.org

Key Observations

As always the share of education (elementary and secondary) in budgets for children is the largest. It has been allocated 3.64 per cent share in the Union budget in 2011-12, an increase of 28.87 per cent in the allocation over the previous year. Within BfC the share is a humungous 72.39 per cent.

The increase in the education sector is due to:

Enhanced allocation in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (40 per cent), Mid-day Meal Scheme (MDM) (9.96 per cent) in elementary education and for setting up of 6000 model schools at block level, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and post matric scholarship for minorities in secondary education.

Enhanced allocation is also because of the introduction of two new scholarship schemes at the secondary stage viz. Pre-Matric Scholarship scheme for ST by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Pre-Matric Scholarship schemes for SC by Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment with an allocation of Rs. 45 crore and Rs. 196 crore respectively.

A major increase in the allocation of two schemes meant for children from minority community. BE for the Scheme for Providing Quality Education in Madrassas (SPQEM) has increased from Rs 50 crore in 2010-11 to Rs 150 crore in 2011-12 and Scheme for Infrastructure in Development in Minority Institution (IDMI) sees an increase from Rs. 10.75 crore to Rs. 50 crore in the current year.

We can see a decline:

Of over 66 per cent in the allocation for Appointment of Language teachers despite discussion on the need for mother tongue education for children.

Of over 34 per cent in the National Means cum Merit Scholarship Scheme at the secondary stage is bound to impact access of poor children who do not fall in to the SC, ST or minority categories, but nonetheless need economic support for continuing education.

Increased allocation in SSA and MDM has to be taken with a pinch of salt:

57.1 per cent budget for (SSA), comes out of which comes from Prarambhik Shiksha Kosh (PSK) which is the collected through taxes. What does this say about government‘s own commitment?

Though there has always been increase in the scheme at the national level, there is problem of fund transfer to the states and lack of monitoring at the point of implementation. A study conducted by HAQ in the six states Andhra Pradesh,

Share of elementary education in education sector increased by 28.5 per cent and in secondary education it has increased by 30.35 per cent.

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) launched in 2009, on the lines of SSA, to enhance access to secondary education by 2017 and to improve quality of education gets a 42.6 per cent hike in the budget allocation.

Inclusive Education for the Disabled at Secondary Education (IEDSS) gets a raise of 43 per cent in the allocation over the previous year.

Post Matric Scholarship for backward class has increased by 52.69 per cent over the previous year.

Is the SSA designed to succeed?

While the sample of 60 schools is clearly too inadequate a base to mount a criticism of the effectiveness of the SSA, the study findings did throw up interesting pointers that were remarkably similar to those of other evaluation reports. The important findings are summed up below:

Alternative Schooling: AIE/RBC/EGS schools are practically hovels Funds are too little and come too late. There are hardly any facilities and even less teaching and monitoring. Not much effort at mainstreaming either. The children were treated as ‗second-grade citizens‘ who deserved no more than ‗second-grade education‘. That is surely wrong because they too pay the education cess that funds a large part of the SSA now.

Decentralisation and Community Participation only on Paper: Grassroots institutions such as village education committees or school education committees mostly exist on paper. PRIs act only as the receivers of funds, with no financial independence. Panchayat heads are often lukewarm to sharing power and decision-making, and very often, they have other important things to think about.

Promoting unequal education through para teachers: a parallel education through volunteers and para teachers are being promoted in most of the states. There have been no new recruitments in the states in the last couple of years and the junior teachers/vidya volunteers/ shiksha mitras, the various nomenclatures of para teachers are being promoted to regular teachers. In Odisha, there has been a situation when there is no science and mathematics teachers to teach in high schools, because the para teachers who have been enrolled as regular teachers after been teaching for ten years are unable to teach the students.

Infrastructure gets a boost: Civil works took the lion‘s share of the expenditure, between 45 per cent and 55 per cent in all states. UP and Assam were the big spenders in this respect. This was followed by teachers‘ salary for obvious reasons. According to the findings of the Accountability Initiative, innovation and training collectively account for 7 per cent of the SSA budget. Expenditures are low. In the year 2009-10, 63 per cent of the training budget and 60 per cent of the innovation budget was spent.

Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal and Odisha have come out with findings which raises questions on the very framework of the scheme (see box below).

There is a 9.96 per cent hike in the allocation for the Nutritional Programme of Mid-day Meals in Schools for Mid-day meal scheme from Rs 9440 crore in 2010-11 to Rs 10380 crore in this year‘s budget. MDM constitutes 32.29 per cent of the total elementary educations allocation and around 62.75 per cent of MDM allocation is from PSK.

Schemewise Allocation in Education sector Rs crore

Programmes & Schemes 2007-08

2007-08

2008-09

2008-09

2009-10

2009-10

2010-11

2010-11

2011-12

BE RE BE RE BE RE BE RE BE

Elementary Education (HRD)

1. District Primary Education Programme

80.00 100.00 50.00 10.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

2. Kasturba Gandhi Swantantra/ Balika Vidyalaya

Merged with SSA

80.00 40.00 NA

3. Mahila Samakhya 34.00 34.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 42.00 46.00 46.00 50.00

4. National Bal Bhavan, New Delhi

10.00 14.40 10.20 16.05 12.23 12.40 19.95 20.55 20.45

5. National Council of Teacher Education

9.00 1.00 NA NA NA

6. Nutritional Support to Primary Ed. (MDM)

7324.00

6678.00

8000.00

8000.00

8000.00

7359.15

9440.00

9440.00

10380.00

7. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan 10671.00

13171.00

13100.00

13100.00

13100.00

13100.00

15000.00

19000.00

21000.00

8. Strengthening of Teacher Training Inst.

500.00 312.00 500.00 307.34 500.00 325.00 500.00 375.00 500.00

9. Scheme for Providing quality Education in Madrassas (SPQEM)

50.00 50.00 50.00 104.00 150.00

10. Scheme for Infrastructure in Devt. In Minority Institutions (IDMI)

5.00 5.00 10.75 25.75 50.00

(A) Elementary Ed.: Sub-total 18628.00

20310.40

21778.20

21511.39

21705.24

20893.55

25066.70

29011.30

32150.45

Secondary Education (HRD)

11. Access and Equity 10.00 0.10 NA 0.27 0.01 0.05 0.50 0.62 0.10

12. Central Tibetan Schools Society Admn.

22.35 25.43 26.40 30.71 38.00 40.33 39.82 43.08 45.00

11. Information Commn. Technologies

250.00 250.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 200.00 400.00 400.00 500.00

13. Integrated Ed. for Disabled Children

120.00 60.00 70.00 70.00 NA

14. Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan 992.30 1014.00

1049.00

1451.00

2112.83

2425.44

2002.00

2214.79

2235.00

15. NCERT 101.95 91.00 105.05 99.34 137.41 122.41 147.30 159.17 170.00

16. National Institute of Open Schooling

6.00 6.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

17 National Scholarship Scheme 2.35 NA NA NA NA

18. Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti 883.40 1054.80

904.25 1549.87

1641.29

1676.20

1755.40

1655.40

1608.80

19. Other Programmes 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.28 3.60 2.48 4.08 3.00 4.00

20.Quality Improvement in Schools

---

21. Scheme for Universal Access and quality at the secondary school (SUCCESS)

1305.00

0.15 2185.00

260.00 NA

22. National scheme for incentive to Girls for secondary education (SUCCESS)

0.90 0.90 45.00 250.55 50.00 35.00 50.00 80.00 50.00

23. Special Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

275.00 0.15 NA NA NA

24. New Model Schools 650.00 150.00 NA

25.Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

1353.98

550.00 1700.00

1500.00

2423.90

26.Scheme for Setting up of 6000 Model School at block Level as Benchmark of Excellence

350.00 280.00 425.00 489.00 1200.00

27. Inclusive Education for the Disabled at Secondary Education (IEDSS)

70.00 60.00 70.00 95.00 100.00

28.Vocationalisation of Education

20.00 1.00 37.00 7.00 37.00 1.00 25.00 25.00 25.00

29. Scheme for construction & running of girls Hostel for students of Secondary & HS. Schools

60.00 80.00 100.00 66.88 250.00

30.Appointment of Language Teachers

16.00 16.00 15.00 15.00 5.00

31. National Means Cum Merit Scholarship Scheme for studying in Classes XI-XII less amount met from Social Infr. Devt. Fund

761.54 750.00 253.00 90.50 60.50 60.00

(B) Secondary Ed.: Sub-total 3992.25

2506.73

5390.10

4948.56

6935.12

5756.91

6839.60

6822.44

8691.80

Elem/ Sec Ed. (Other Ministries)

32. Pre-matric Scholarship Scheme for SC

25.00 7.50 54.00 54.00 79.00 79.00 79.00 69.00 78.50

33. Pre-matric Scholarship Scheme for Back ward classes

22.50 22.50 27.00 27.00 27.00 27.00 45.00 45.00 45.00

34.Pre-Matric Scholarship for Minorities

72.00 9.00 71.90 71.90 180.00 180.00 405.00 405.00 540.00

35.Girls Hostels for SC 32.00 37.00 55.00 55.00 56.00 56.00 74.00 74.00 93.00

36.Boys Hostels for SC 33.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 39.00 29.00 48.50 38.50 48.00

37.Other Programmes for welfare of SC

16.86 19.33 19.67 20.09 20.69 22.64 25.75 24.43 34.40

38. Other Programmes for Backward Classes

5.45 5.09 5.80 6.34 12.47 6.05 16.30 7.54 20.50

39.Common Programme - SC, ST & Backward classes

7.00 7.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 10.00 14.00 7.00

40. Boys and Girls Hostel from Backward classes

18.50 18.50 31.50 30.25 31.50 26.50 40.00 28.00 40.00

41.Ashram Schools in Tribal Sub-Plan Area

20.00 20.00 30.00 30.00 41.00 41.02 75.10 65.00 75.00

42.Schemes--PMS, Book Bank, etc. (ST)

163.19 162.04 195.00 195.00 217.95 216.35 469.93 469.53 573.00

43. Schemes of Hostel for ST Girls & Boys

34.50 34.50 61.00 60.00 59.00 59.00 68.00 68.00 68.00

44. Grant- Rural Sch‘l for Dev. Of Playfield

0.00 NA NA

45. Incentives- Prom‘n of Sports Activities

62.00 NA NA

46. Post matric scholarship schemes for SC

611.00 811.00 731.00 622.50 735.00 818.56 1675.00

1972.27

2173.00

47. Post Matric scholarship schemes for Backward Class

90.75 110.75 120.75 131.94 121.50 162.00 315.00 342.00 481.00

48.Post Matric Scholarship for Minorities

90.00 54.00 89.90 62.93 135.00 135.00 238.50 238.50 405.00

49. National Merit scholarships 120.00 12.00 120.00

50. National Programme for Youth & Adolescent Development

27.00 27.00 25.00 25.00 25.50 28.38 25.50

Physical Education Grants to NCC/Public Residential Schools

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

ACA for Educational Development of Tribal Children in Schedule V areas & Naxal affected areas

500.00 500.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Free Coaching and Allied Scheme for Minorities

10.80 13.50 0.01 0.01

Pre-matric Scholarship Scheme for SC Students

196.00

Pre-matric Scholarship Scheme for ST Students

45.00

(C) Ed. (Other Min.): Sub-total 1423.75

1368.21

1685.52

1437.95

2288.11

2400.02

3624.18

3889.26

4948.01

(D) Education Sector—Total 24044.00

24185.34

28853.82

27897.90

30928.47

29050.48

35530.48

39723.00

45790.26

Union Budget—Total 680520.51

709373.26

750883.53

900953.41

1020837.68

1021546.53

1108749.24

1216575.73

1257728.83

Ed. Sector as percentage of Union Budget

3.53 3.41 3.84 3.10 3.03 2.84 3.20 3.27 3.64

Development Sector in BfC

Key Observations Despite large increases in allocations for the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), there is a decline in the share of development in Union budget as well as within the BfC. We see increases in:

ICDS by 17 per cent because of the increased allocation to resource the much needed hike in honourarium of the Anganwadi workers and helpers who have been demanding for it since a long time.

Allocation under National Nutrition Mission (NNM) from Rs. 1 crore in 2010-11 to Rs. 90 crore in 2011-12. In the meeting of the Council of the NNM in November 2011, it was decoded that the mission would (i) strengthen and restructure the ICDS scheme (ii) introduce a multisectoral programme to address maternal and child malnutrition in selected 200 high-burden districts (iii) introducing a nationwide information, education and communication campaign against malnutrition and (iv) making nutrition a focus in the programme and schemes of line ministries1.

1 Notes on Demands for Grants, 2011-12, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Expenditure Budget Volume II, Government of India, pg 353

According to Ministry of Women and Child Development, as 31st December 2010 13.6 lakhs anganwadi centres were sanctioned and 12.4 lakhs operational.1 Another 1.6 lakhs have to be operationalised to reach the stage of universalisation coverage as per Supreme Court order1.

According to the National Family Health Survey-III, only 28 per cent of the targeted children received any services from the Anganwadi Centres (AWC) 2.

Almost 73.5 per cent children under the age of 6 years did not receive any supplementary food from an AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey, about 80 per cent did not receive health check-ups in the AWCs2.

According to Annual Report 2009-10 of MWCD, so far about 31,718 creches were sanctioned to the implementing agencies. The estimated number of beneficiaries of these creches is around 792950 as on 30.11.2009

Dhanalakshmi-Conditional Cash Transfer for Girl Child with Insurance Cover launched in 2008 is now being implemented in eleven blocks across 7 states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Orissa) in the country3.

Source: 1 www.wcd.nic.in 2 NFHS-III, 2005-06 3 Annual Report of MWCD, 2009-10

Allocation for Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)by 25 per cent (from Rs.900 in 2010-11 crore to Rs. 675 crore in 2011-12). This scheme is a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme for adolescent girls (11-18 Years) also known as SABLA. The scheme is supposed to be implemented in 200 districts across the country on pilot basis, to begin with, and is to be offering a range of services starting from nutrition education o adolescent girls to life skill education and Accessing public services and Vocational training (for girls aged 16 and above). But then with the decline in allocation how the ministry plan to cover the cost.

Schemewise Allocation in Development Sector Rs Crore

Programmes & Schemes

2007-08 2007-08 2008-09 2008-09 2009-10 2009-10 2010-11 2010-11 2011-12

BE RE BE RE BE RE BE RE BE

1. Integrated Child Development Services

4761.00 4856.88 5665.20 5665.20 6026.30 7344.80 7932.71 8430.21 9294.19

2. Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme for the children of working mothers (previously named as Day Care Centres)

103.00 100.00 96.10 91.88 91.52 90.05 63.35 63.00 76.50

3. Contribution to UNICEF

3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80

4. National Institute of Public Cooperation & Child Development

12.85 14.05 25.50 19.22 24.15 21.50 22.50 22.45 24.90

5. Other Schemes for Child Welfare

33.48 25.88 60.63 70.21 57.18 52.65 58.78 58.78 59.99

6. Balika Samridhi Yojana

0.00 -- --

7. Provision for social welfare in NE Region and Sikkim – Child Welfare

561.81 564.79 679.40 664.36 715.40 841.85 1038.14 1000.49 1080.70

8. Conditional cash transfer scheme for the girl child with insurance cover

13.50 7.85 9.00 9.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

9. Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)

Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG) &

Kishori Shakti Yojana is merged to (RGSEAG) with content enrichment. It is being

implemented under the umbrella cover of ICDS

99.00 4.50 900.00 306.00 675.00

10. National Nutrition Mission

0.09 0.09 0.90 0.90 1.00 0.03 1.00 1.00 90.00

Development Sector in BfC Total

5489.53 5573.34 6540.53 6524.57 7028.35 8364.18 10030.28 9895.73 11315.08

Union Budget—Total

680520.51

709373.26

750883.53

900953.41

1020837.68

1021546.53

1108749.24

1216575.73

1257728.83

Dev Sector as per centage of total Union Budget

0.81 0.79 0.87 0.72 0.69 0.82 0.90 0.81 0.90

Health Sector in BfC

Key Observations

There has been a decline in the allocation for health of children health in the union budget share declines from 0.49 percent in 2011 to 0.43 per cent in 2011-12. This decline in share is because of:

Decline in share of allocation towards the child related schemes as percentage of the total allocation within the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare from 21.70 per cent in 2010-11 to 17.56 per cent in 2011-12.

Major decline of 18.07 per cent in the Schemes for Immunisation (routine immunisation + pulse polio immunisation) from the previous year. This decline is due to nearly 93.5 per cent decline in the Pulse Polio Immunisation Programme. But this decline in the Pulse Polio immunisation is not understood when the situation in India in terms of Polio is far beyond satisfactory. In the year 2009, 721 polio cases were reported. Out of these, 641 are wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3) & 79 are wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) & one case is a mixture of both i.e. WPV1 + WPV32.

No budget allocation for the Conditional Maternity Benefit Scheme in 2011-12. The same scheme has seen a dramatic increase from Rs. 3.6 crore in 2009-10 to Rs. 351 crore in 2010-11. This abrupt allocation and then discontinuation of the allocation is not understood. It would have been of great importance if the Ministry could provide some explanation towards the discontinuation of the scheme under such circumstances when the national average of MMR is 254 per 100,000 live births, which in itself is very high3.

2 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare07-February, 2010,http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=57682

3 Annual Report, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2009-10

Approximately 67,000 mothers die each year due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth1.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common disease in India, killing more than 1,000 people per day. Every year, TB results in 300,000 children leaving schools1

As on March, 2008, Community Health Centres, which provide specialised medical care, had a shortfall of 70.4 per cent of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists, 70.6 per cent of Physicians and 77.4 per cent of Paediatricians2.

Lack of skills for newborn care (such as for resuscitation, management of sick newborns and use of equipments e.g. baby warmers) is a major obstacle to provision of newborn care services3.

In-patient care of sick children needs much more attention. Standard protocols for providing in-patient care for sick children, such as those with severe diarrhoea, severe pneumonia are not in place.; nor are the utilisation of facilities for sick children monitored3.

Services for management of severely malnourished children at health facilities do not exist in most states (some notable exceptions are MP, Gujarat and Maharashtra), despite high levels of severe malnutrition3.

Source: 1USAID, http://www.usaid.gov/in/our_work/health/index.html 2 Rural Health Statistics in India 2008, Updated As On March, 2008, http://www.mohfw.nic.in/ 3 National Rural Health Mission Reproductive & Child Health Program Phase II 6th Joint

Review Mission, May 25 – July 7, 2009

Source: Rural Health Statistics in India 2008, Updated as On March, 2008, http://www.mohfw.nic.in/

Schemewise Allocation in Health Sector Rs crore

Programmes & Schemes 2007-08 2007-08 2008-09 2008-09 2009-10 2009-10 2010-11 2010-11 2011-12

BE RE BE RE BE RE BE RE BE

1. Kalawati Saran Children‘s Hospital, New Delhi

20.95 23.05 28.00 41.27 40.00 44.77 47.26 53.91 56.22

2. Manufacture of Sera & Vaccine (BCG Vaccine Laboratory, Guindy, Chennai and grant to Pasteur institute of India, Coonoor)

18.00 18.96 23.15 25.47 32.65 31.65 35.52 31.83 71.40

3. Reproductive and Child Health Project (includes RCH Flexible Pool)

1672.20 1629.17 2504.75 2737.54 3147.99 3109.44 3589.72 3707.40 4045.22

4. Strengthening of Immunisation Prog. & Eradication of Polio (includes routine immunisation and pulse polio)

1589.88 1345.38 1508.43 1362.34 1491.10 1551.10 1434.08 1286.00 1174.96

5. Maternity Benefit Scheme NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

6. Conditional Maternity Benefit Scheme

3.60 0.90 351.00

Health Sector, BfC.-Total 3301.03 3016.56 4064.33 4166.62 4715.34 4737.86 5457.58 5079.14 5347.80

Min. of H & FW - Total 15854.88 14974.34 18123.00

18476.00 22641.33 21680.00

25154.00

25055.00 30456.00

Child Health Budget as per centage of Min. of H&FW

20.82 20.14 22.43 22.55 20.83 21.85 21.70 20.27 17.56

Union Budget—Total 680520.51 709373.26

750883.53

900953.41

1020837.68

1021546.53

1108749.24

1216575.73 1257728.83

Child Health Budget as per centage of Union Budget

0.49 0.43 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.49 0.42 0.43

The increase in Manufacture of Sera & Vaccine (BCG Vaccine Laboratory, Guindy, Chennai and grant to Pasteur institute of India, Coonoor) from Rs. 35.52 crore to Rs. 71.4 crore is a welcome step. But there are concerns too. According to the annual report of MHFW, BCG VL Guindy has its installed capacity for production of BCG vaccine of 800 lakh doses per annum. But the license of the Manufacturing unit was suspended by the DCG(I) in Jan. 2008 and since then the production and supply of the BCG Vaccine to Universal Immunisation Programme has been stopped4.

4 Annual Report 2009-10, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Times of India, Feb 23, 2011

Protection Sector in BfC

Key Observations Protection has consistently received the lowest share of the budget for children, and it is no different this time, although it does see a very small increase of 0.01 percent in allocations. However the drop in resources in its programmes is a matter of great concern:

This year’s allocation for the

Integrated child Protection

Scheme (ICPS) is Rs.243

Crore, which is less than what

was allocated in 2010-11 (Rs.270

crore), although it is higher than

the Revised Estimate of Rs. 88

crore. Indeed this fall witnessed from the BE to the RE stage because of the non-

implementation of the programme in the states is a reflection of the lack of commitment to

protection that still remains.

o It must be recalled that most of the protection related schemes were subsumed

under this umbrella ICPS programme. However consistently received lower

allocations than even what was budgeted for in the 11th plan.

Plan Outlay and Expenditure in Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS)

ICPS 2007-12 2007-08 2007-08 2008-09 2008-09 2008-09 2009-10 2009-10 Outlay for 2010-11

NDC approved 11th Plan

Annual Plan outlay BE

Expenditure

Annual Plan outlay BE

Annual Plan RE

Expenditure

Annual Plan BE

Expenditure as on (31.03.2010)

1073.00 95.00 0.00 200.00 60.00 0.00 60.00 42.64 300

Source: Mid-Term appraisal of the Eleventh Five Year Plan doc pg.256

India is the main destination of "alarming flows" of cross border trafficking in South Asia, says the study by global child rights group ECPAT International1

A total number of 24,201 cases of crimes against children were reported in the country during 2009 as compared to 22,500 cases during 2008, an increase of 7.6 per cent2.

According to the Annual Report of the Ministry of Labour and Employment 2009-10, 10,000 NCLP schools are being run in 271 districts of the country with an enrolment of only 5 lakh children.

Source: 1 http://www.d-sector.org/article-det.asp?id=428 2Crime in India, NCRB 2009

A day's cost to run one Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) and one Child

Welfare Committee (CWC), as required by the Juvenile Justice

Care and Protection Act, 2000 for the 602* districts in the

country amounts to almost Rs. 21, 00,000/day. And this is only

one small component of the ICPS.

o It is only in the last year of the 11th Plan period that 33 MOUs have finally been

signed leading the way for its implementation in the states, which is when the

resources is required. How can a reduction in resources ensure implementation?

How can one expect outcomes when 33 MoUs have just signed? Surely they

would need resources to only now start implementing the programme

Scheme for the Welfare of working children and children in need of care and protection has decreased from Rs. 11.25 crore in 2010-2011 to Rs. 9.00 in the current budget

There is no allocation at all for the Integrated scheme for Street Children or the Scheme for Prevention and control of Juvenile Social Mal-adjustment

There is a welcome increase in the Relief and Rehabilitation of Rape victims (not under the ICPS programme) from Rs. 36.20 crore in 2010-11 to Rs. 133.20 crore in 2011-12

The increase of allocations for the National Child Labour Project (NCLP) scheme (which shows an increase 176.3 per cent), is always to be taken with a pinch of salt. This scheme has been in existence for 22 years and only a total of 5.21 lakh working children have been mainstreamed to regular education. This raises question about the relevance of this programme and its success in addressing child Labour. Besides, because it is implemented through autonomous district societies to which the money is transferred directly, the budget figures are not available in the state budgets, making it difficult to track the budget flow and implementation in the states.

A day's cost to run one Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) and one Child Welfare Committee (CWC), as required by the Juvenile Justice Care and Protection Act, 2000 for the 602* districts in the country amounts to almost Rs. 21, 00,000/day. And this is only one small component of the ICPS How does the Financial Minister justify a fall in allocation of the ICPS in the face of a 19 per cent increase in violence against children since 2007 (according to National Crime Records Bureau)?

According to the Annual Report of the Ministry of Labour and Employment 2009-10, 10,000 NCLP schools are being run in 271 districts of the country with an enrolment of only 5 lakh children.

Other Schemes in Protection Sector Rs Crore

2007-08 2007-08

2008-09 2008-09 2009-10 2009-10 2010-11

2010-11 2011-12

BE RE BE RE BE RE BE RE BE

Integrated Scheme for Street children

9.00 9.00 11.25 9.00 4.50

Scheme for welfare of working children and children in need of care and protection

6.30 6.30.00 7.65 6.30 9.00 11.25 11.25 9.00

Shishu Griha Scheme (erstwhile Homes for infant and young children for promotion of in country adoption)

2.70 2.70 2.52 2.70 1.80

Central Adoption Resource Agency*

2.40 3.80 3.16 3.80 1.79 3.30 3.15 8.30

Scheme for Rescue of Victims of Trafficking

4.50 9.00 5.40 4.50 4.50 9.00 6.30 9.00

Relief to & Rehabilitation of Rape Victims

1.10 36.20 4.66 53.30 0.16 36.20 9.20 133.20

Total – Other Schemes on Child Protection

26.00 60.70 34.64 79.60 21.75 59.75 29.90 159.50

Schemewise Allocation in Protection Sector Rs Crore

Programmes & Schemes 2007-08 2007-08 2008-09 2008-09 2009-10 2009-10 2010-11 2010-11 2011-12

BE RE BE RE BE RE BE RE BE

1. Other Schemes of Child Protection (break up is shown in separate table)

30.30 26.00 60.70 34.64 79.60 21.75 59.75 29.90 159.50

2. Prevention & Control of Juvenile Social Maladjustment

18.90 21.78 18.00 19.80 20.00 9.00

3. Child Labour Cell (Improvement in Working Conditions of Child/ Women Labour)

171.06 153.06 156.06 146.63 90.00 90.00 121.50 95.00 335.70

4. Swadhar 13.50 13.50 18.00 13.50 13.50 13.50 30.00 30.00 26.50

5. Short Stay Home** 15.90 15.90 15.90 15.90 15.90 15.75 23.25 27.00 33.30

6. Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS)

85.50 38.50 180.00 54.00 54.00 44.00 270.00 88.00 243.00

Protection Sector, BfC -- Total

335.16 268.74 448.66 284.47 273.00 194.00 504.50 269.90 798.00

Union Budget-Total 680520.51 709373.26

750883.53

900953.41

1020837.68

1021546.53 1108749.24

1216575.73

1257728.83

Budget for Protection Sector as per centage of total Union Budget

0.05 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.06