Agronomic investigations on tall chickpea genotypes suitable for mechanical harvesting

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Agronomic investigations on

tall chickpea genotypes suitable

for mechanical harvesting

Researcher : S B Patil

Major Advisor : C P Mansur

Co-Advisor : P M Gaur

University of Agricultural Sciences,

Dharwad

Chickpea

SN – Cicer arietinum L.

Family – Leguminoseae

Chickpea is a herbaceous annual, cool season food legume and

is grown as a winter crop in the tropics and as a summer or

spring crop in the temperate environments.

It has tap root system, which is usually deep and strong.

The lateral roots develop nodules with the symbiotic Rhizobium

bacteria, capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in plant-usable

form.

The leaves are imparipinnate with serrated leaflets and arise

alternatively from the third node.

The entire surface of the plant shoot, except the corolla, is

densely covered with fine hairs known as trichomes.

Many are glandular and secrete a highly acidic substance

containing malic, oxalic and citric acids.

The plants have primary (generally 1-8), secondary and tertiary

branches.

Five growth habits, based on angle of branches from the vertical,

are classified: erect, semi-erect, semi-spreading, spreading and

prostrate.

The erect and semi-erect varieties enable mechanical harvesting.

Farmers want to cultivate more areas of chickpea is to increase

the net income generated from their production, since chickpea is

still very important in India diet, but labour avialibility in India is

scare for timely harvesting of crop and also expensive.

An economic method to harvest crop is one means to reduce

production costs.

Mechanical harvesting will reduce the cost of production as

compared to manual harvest.

Hand harvest is not only expensive, but also causes seed loss

due to shattering and delay in harvesting.

1. To study the performance of tall chickpea genotypes

under rainfed and irrigated ecosystem.

2. To study the effect of various plant densities on chickpea

under rainfed and irrigated ecosystem.

3. To study the interaction effect between genotypes and

plant densities under irrigated and rainfed ecosystems.

4. To study the performance of tall chickpea genotypes for

mechanical harvesting.

5. To study the economics of the production system.

Objectives

Experiment – I

Performance of tall chickpea genotypes suitable for mechanical harvesting at different planting density under rainfed ecosystems

Experiment – II

Performance of tall chickpea genotypes suitable for mechanical harvesting at different planting density under irrigated ecosystems

Main plot : Genotype (G)

G1: ICCV-11601

G2: ICCV-11602

G3: ICCV-11603

G4: ICCV-11604

G5: JG-11 (Check)

Sub plot : Plant density (D)

D1: 3.33 lakh ha-1 (Normal plant density)

D2: 3.99 lakh ha-1 (20 per cent higher than D1)

D3: 4.66 lakh ha-1 (40 per cent higher than D1)

Treatment details

Growth attributes Days to emergence Plant height Number of primary branches per plant Number of secondary branches per plant Leaf area per plant Dry matter accumulation and partitioning Days to 50% flowering Days to maturity Plant canopy spread Days to first flower Days to first pod Vegetative growth period Reproductive growth period Nodules per plant Nodules dry weight per plant

Observation recorded

Yield and yield attributes

Total number of pods per plant Number of filled pods per plant Number of unfilled/immature pods per plant Immature pod % Pod yield per plant Number of seeds per pod Number of seed per plant Seed yield per plant 100 seed weight First pod height Seed yield ha-1 Biological yield ha-1 Harvest index (%) Pests incidence Weed density Weed biomass Pod borer damage (%) Wilt incidence Rust incidence

Growth indices Leaf area index (LAI) Leaf area duration (LAD) Crop growth rate (CGR) Absolute growth rate (AGR) Relative growth rate (RGR) Net assimilation rate (NAR) Leaf area index (LAI) Leaf area duration (LAD) Physiological parameters Chlorophyll content (SPAD) Leaf relative water content Light absorption ratio Light transmission ratio

Chemical analysis N content in plant P content in plant K content in plant N uptake P uptake K uptake Soil av. N Soil av. P Soil av. K Soil organic carbon content Soil pH Soil EC Economic analysis Cost of cultivation Gross income Net income Benefit-cost ratio (B:C)

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Treatment Seed yield (kg ha-1) Biological yield (kg ha-1)

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 1680 2066 1873 4877 5413 5145 G2 : ICCV-11602 1780 2137 1959 4371 5059 4715 G3 : ICCV-11603 1551 1971 1761 4292 5156 4724 G4 : ICCV-11604 1832 2183 2007 4907 5435 5171 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 2277 2619 2448 4442 5316 4879 S.Em± 39 21 22 40 52 33 C.D. (P=0.05) 126 69 66 130 169 98 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 1600 1965 1783 4039 4742 4390 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 1840 2212 2026 4586 5283 4935 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 2033 2408 2220 5109 5802 5455 S.Em± 13 12 9 54 33 32 C.D. (P=0.05) 39 36 26 159 98 91 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 1452 1830 1641 4217 4752 4485 G1D2 1695 2085 1890 4850 5410 5130 G1D3 1894 2282 2088 5564 6076 5820 G2D1 1518 1880 1699 4169 4722 4446 G2D2 1795 2151 1973 4371 5079 4725 G2D3 2028 2381 2205 4573 5375 4974 G3D1 1319 1733 1526 3719 4657 4188 G3D2 1569 1986 1777 4315 5174 4744 G3D3 1766 2195 1981 4842 5638 5240 G4D1 1569 1926 1748 4205 4776 4491 G4D2 1845 2188 2016 4932 5447 5190 G4D3 2083 2434 2258 5584 6081 5833 G5D1 2140 2458 2299 3883 4802 4342 G5D2 2298 2651 2474 4464 5307 4886 G5D3 2392 2748 2570 4979 5839 5409 S.Em± 30 28 20 121 74 71 C.D. (P=0.05) 88 81 58 356 219 203

Seed and biological yield of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Seed yield (kg ha-1) Biological yield (kg ha-1)

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 2184 2433 2309 6224 6425 6325 G2 : ICCV-11602 2299 2536 2418 5891 6230 6061 G3 : ICCV-11603 2176 2385 2280 5928 6341 6135 G4 : ICCV-11604 2388 2633 2511 6271 6611 6441 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 2783 2948 2865 5788 6216 6002 S.Em± 48 35 30 75 40 42 C.D. (P=0.05) 155 114 89 243 129 127 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 2065 2274 2169 5471 5865 5668 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 2396 2617 2506 5997 6327 6162 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 2638 2871 2754 6593 6902 6748 S.Em± 26 23 18 51 34 31 C.D. (P=0.05) 77 69 50 151 99 88 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 1864 2105 1985 5747 5956 5852 G1D2 2217 2466 2341 6177 6404 6291 G1D3 2472 2729 2601 6748 6915 6832 G2D1 1967 2200 2084 5065 5515 5290 G2D2 2331 2567 2449 5858 6157 6008 G2D3 2598 2842 2720 6751 7017 6884 G3D1 1865 2064 1965 5447 5883 5665 G3D2 2212 2417 2314 5895 6332 6114 G3D3 2451 2673 2562 6442 6809 6626 G4D1 2027 2267 2147 5782 6163 5972 G4D2 2423 2666 2544 6275 6601 6438 G4D3 2715 2966 2840 6755 7071 6913 G5D1 2599 2733 2666 5314 5807 5561 G5D2 2796 2967 2882 5780 6142 5961 G5D3 2952 3143 3048 6269 6700 6485 S.Em± 59 52 39 115 75 69 C.D. (P=0.05) 173.13 153.18 111.99 339 222 196

Seed and biological yield of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Seed yield plant-1 (g) 100-seed weight (g)

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 8.66 9.60 9.13 22.90 23.44 23.17 G2 : ICCV-11602 8.99 9.95 9.47 17.05 17.58 17.32 G3 : ICCV-11603 8.36 9.70 9.03 21.84 22.22 22.03 G4 : ICCV-11604 9.37 10.50 9.94 23.45 24.08 23.77 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 10.11 11.08 10.59 22.72 23.51 23.11 S.Em± 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.55 0.23 0.30 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.25 0.31 0.18 1.79 0.74 0.89 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 9.68 10.70 10.19 21.88 22.46 22.17 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 9.08 10.18 9.63 21.67 22.18 21.92 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 8.54 9.62 9.08 21.24 21.86 21.55 S.Em± 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.30 0.25 0.20 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.17 0.19 0.13 NS NS NS Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 9.08 10.05 9.57 23.15 23.87 23.51 G1D2 8.65 9.61 9.13 23.04 23.28 23.16 G1D3 8.23 9.15 8.69 22.51 23.17 22.84 G2D1 9.42 10.35 9.88 17.40 17.84 17.62 G2D2 9.01 9.96 9.49 17.02 17.59 17.31 G2D3 8.55 9.55 9.05 16.74 17.30 17.02 G3D1 8.82 10.16 9.49 22.28 22.44 22.36 G3D2 8.39 9.71 9.05 22.08 22.34 22.21 G3D3 7.89 9.21 8.55 21.17 21.87 21.52 G4D1 10.00 10.91 10.45 23.67 24.31 23.99 G4D2 9.28 10.52 9.90 23.35 24.09 23.72 G4D3 8.84 10.09 9.47 23.34 23.85 23.59 G5D1 11.06 12.03 11.54 22.89 23.81 23.35 G5D2 10.10 11.09 10.59 22.85 23.59 23.22 G5D3 9.17 10.12 9.65 22.44 23.11 22.78 S.Em± 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.68 0.56 0.44 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.39 0.43 0.28 NS NS NS

Seed yield and 100-seed weight of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Seed yield plant-1 (g) 100-seed weight (g)

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 10.14 10.59 10.37 23.66 24.38 24.02 G2 : ICCV-11602 10.38 10.86 10.62 17.58 18.39 17.99 G3 : ICCV-11603 9.85 10.68 10.27 22.47 23.07 22.77 G4 : ICCV-11604 10.66 11.39 11.02 24.12 24.99 24.55 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 11.49 11.96 11.73 23.36 24.42 23.89 S.Em± 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.45 0.33 0.28 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.27 0.28 0.18 1.47 1.09 0.84 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 11.04 11.62 11.33 22.58 23.41 23.00 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 10.51 11.12 10.81 22.25 23.04 22.64 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 9.96 10.55 10.26 21.89 22.71 22.30 S.Em± 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.40 0.41 0.29 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.17 0.19 0.12 NS NS NS Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 10.57 11.03 10.80 24.18 24.91 24.54 G1D2 10.14 10.60 10.37 23.66 24.27 23.96 G1D3 9.72 10.13 9.93 23.14 23.97 23.56 G2D1 10.80 11.24 11.02 17.91 18.67 18.29 G2D2 10.40 10.91 10.65 17.57 18.30 17.93 G2D3 9.94 10.43 10.18 17.28 18.21 17.75 G3D1 10.31 11.14 10.73 23.02 23.35 23.19 G3D2 9.87 10.70 10.29 22.56 22.99 22.78 G3D3 9.37 10.20 9.79 21.84 22.86 22.35 G4D1 11.08 11.79 11.44 24.28 25.16 24.72 G4D2 10.66 11.40 11.03 24.02 25.01 24.52 G4D3 10.23 10.97 10.60 24.05 24.80 24.43 G5D1 12.44 12.91 12.67 23.53 24.96 24.25 G5D2 11.48 11.97 11.73 23.42 24.61 24.02 G5D3 10.56 11.01 10.78 23.12 23.69 23.41 S.Em± 0.13 0.15 0.10 0.90 0.91 0.64 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.38 0.43 0.28 NS NS NS

Seed yield and 100-seed weight of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment No. of pods plant-1

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 38.21 42.10 40.16 G2 : ICCV-11602 49.22 52.13 50.68 G3 : ICCV-11603 40.83 42.87 41.85 G4 : ICCV-11604 42.27 44.63 43.45 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 51.20 52.95 52.07 S.Em± 1.08 1.11 0.78 C.D. (P=0.05) 3.53 3.62 2.33 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 49.59 52.27 50.93 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 44.40 47.05 45.73 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 39.04 41.49 40.27 S.Em± 0.55 0.45 0.35 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.61 1.31 1.01 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 42.75 46.93 44.84 G1D2 38.10 42.04 40.07 G1D3 33.79 37.33 35.56 G2D1 53.58 56.88 55.23 G2D2 49.22 52.16 50.69 G2D3 44.85 47.37 46.11 G3D1 45.23 47.39 46.31 G3D2 40.77 42.86 41.81 G3D3 36.49 38.37 37.43 G4D1 47.05 49.38 48.22 G4D2 42.25 44.72 43.48 G4D3 37.51 39.81 38.66 G5D1 59.34 60.75 60.05 G5D2 51.66 53.50 52.58 G5D3 42.58 44.59 43.59 S.Em± 1.22 1.00 0.79 C.D. (P=0.05) 3.60 2.94 2.25

Number pods plant-1 of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment No. of pods plant-1

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 48.45 50.04 49.25 G2 : ICCV-11602 57.88 59.12 58.50 G3 : ICCV-11603 51.19 52.39 51.79 G4 : ICCV-11604 51.35 53.24 52.30 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 62.36 61.52 61.94 S.Em± 0.72 0.93 0.59 C.D. (P=0.05) 2.36 3.02 1.76 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 59.97 61.41 60.69 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 54.54 55.55 55.04 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 48.23 48.83 48.53 S.Em± 0.52 0.64 0.41 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.54 1.89 1.18 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 53.28 55.20 54.24 G1D2 48.56 50.09 49.32 G1D3 43.52 44.83 44.18 G2D1 62.58 63.92 63.25 G2D2 57.82 59.09 58.46 G2D3 53.23 54.33 53.78 G3D1 55.91 57.67 56.79 G3D2 51.27 52.80 52.03 G3D3 46.39 46.72 46.55 G4D1 56.62 58.64 57.63 G4D2 51.49 53.44 52.47 G4D3 45.95 47.63 46.79 G5D1 71.47 71.63 71.55 G5D2 63.55 62.32 62.94 G5D3 52.07 50.63 51.35 S.Em± 1.17 1.43 0.92 C.D. (P=0.05) 3.45 4.22 2.64

Number pods plant-1 of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Plant height of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Plant height (cm)

30 DAS 60 DAS At harvest 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled

Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 22.33 23.44 22.88 54.56 56.93 55.74 65.50 69.01 67.26 G2 : ICCV-11602 22.52 23.65 23.09 57.84 59.74 58.79 67.15 69.07 68.11 G3 : ICCV-11603 20.53 21.99 21.26 50.29 51.74 51.01 59.89 63.38 61.63 G4 : ICCV-11604 19.20 20.85 20.02 52.40 54.78 53.59 65.70 67.67 66.69 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 20.88 22.28 21.58 29.67 31.21 30.44 32.41 34.36 33.38 S.Em± 0.37 0.39 0.27 0.89 0.37 0.48 0.72 0.46 0.43 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.22 1.26 0.81 2.90 1.22 1.45 2.35 1.50 1.28 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 20.80 22.11 21.45 46.83 48.74 47.78 56.06 58.84 57.45 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 21.15 22.48 21.82 48.79 50.87 49.83 58.03 60.64 59.33 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 21.33 22.73 22.03 51.23 53.03 52.13 60.30 62.61 61.46 S.Em± 0.28 0.29 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.28 0.40 0.49 0.32 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS 1.17 1.19 0.81 1.17 1.45 0.90 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 22.01 23.04 22.52 52.33 54.44 53.39 62.27 66.73 64.50 G1D2 22.27 23.45 22.86 54.20 56.72 55.46 65.41 68.86 67.14 G1D3 22.70 23.84 23.27 57.13 59.62 58.38 68.83 71.44 70.14 G2D1 22.27 23.31 22.79 56.30 57.97 57.14 65.58 66.80 66.19 G2D2 22.57 23.71 23.14 57.73 59.66 58.70 66.75 68.81 67.78 G2D3 22.73 23.95 23.34 59.50 61.60 60.55 69.12 71.58 70.35 G3D1 20.10 21.71 20.91 47.80 49.55 48.68 57.72 62.07 59.89 G3D2 20.67 22.04 21.35 50.10 51.68 50.89 59.68 63.21 61.45 G3D3 20.84 22.21 21.52 52.97 53.99 53.48 62.27 64.86 63.56 G4D1 19.07 20.66 19.86 50.33 52.43 51.38 64.18 66.34 65.26 G4D2 19.23 20.84 20.04 52.27 54.85 53.56 65.68 67.62 66.65 G4D3 19.30 21.04 20.17 54.59 57.05 55.82 67.23 69.05 68.14 G5D1 20.53 21.85 21.19 27.38 29.29 28.34 30.57 32.23 31.40 G5D2 21.02 22.37 21.69 29.67 31.43 30.55 32.60 34.70 33.65 G5D3 21.10 22.63 21.87 31.97 32.90 32.44 34.07 36.13 35.10 S.Em± 0.62 0.66 0.65 0.88 0.90 0.63 0.88 1.10 0.71 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS 2.61 2.65 1.80 2.61 3.25 2.02

Plant height of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Plant height (cm)



Primary branches per plant of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Primary branches per plant


Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 3.34 3.45 3.40 4.64 4.89 4.76 5.61 6.20 5.90 G2 : ICCV-11602 3.69 3.81 3.75 4.97 5.19 5.08 6.01 6.62 6.32 G3 : ICCV-11603 3.85 3.96 3.90 5.68 5.96 5.82 6.31 6.81 6.56 G4 : ICCV-11604 3.77 3.90 3.83 5.56 5.75 5.65 6.18 6.87 6.52 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 4.85 4.97 4.91 6.21 6.39 6.30 6.68 6.91 6.79 S.Em± 0.20 0.15 0.13 0.21 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.07 0.09 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.66 0.50 0.38 0.69 0.37 0.36 0.54 0.22 0.27 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 4.06 4.18 4.12 5.77 5.99 5.88 6.52 7.04 6.78 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 3.90 4.02 3.96 5.39 5.61 5.50 6.17 6.65 6.41 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 3.73 3.86 3.80 5.07 5.31 5.19 5.79 6.35 6.07 S.Em± 0.11 0.15 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.06 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS 0.33 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.19 0.17 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 3.50 3.61 3.56 4.91 5.20 5.05 5.89 6.47 6.18 G1D2 3.37 3.47 3.42 4.63 4.90 4.76 5.60 6.18 5.89 G1D3 3.14 3.28 3.21 4.37 4.56 4.47 5.34 5.94 5.64 G2D1 3.83 3.95 3.89 5.27 5.48 5.37 6.40 6.97 6.69 G2D2 3.70 3.83 3.76 5.00 5.20 5.10 6.03 6.64 6.34 G2D3 3.54 3.66 3.60 4.65 4.89 4.77 5.61 6.25 5.93 G3D1 4.06 4.17 4.12 6.03 6.30 6.17 6.55 7.07 6.81 G3D2 3.83 3.95 3.89 5.65 5.92 5.78 6.33 6.77 6.55 G3D3 3.64 3.77 3.71 5.37 5.65 5.51 6.05 6.59 6.32 G4D1 3.95 4.05 4.00 5.91 6.08 6.00 6.45 7.10 6.77 G4D2 3.77 3.88 3.82 5.57 5.71 5.64 6.19 6.87 6.53 G4D3 3.59 3.76 3.68 5.20 5.46 5.33 5.90 6.64 6.27 G5D1 4.97 5.11 5.04 6.74 6.91 6.83 7.30 7.60 7.45 G5D2 4.83 4.95 4.89 6.11 6.30 6.21 6.67 6.78 6.72 G5D3 4.74 4.85 4.80 5.77 5.97 5.87 6.05 6.36 6.21 S.Em± 0.25 0.34 0.21 0.25 0.19 0.16 0.23 0.15 0.14 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Primary branches per plant of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Primary branches per plant


Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 3.99 4.15 4.07 5.24 5.41 5.32 6.62 6.83 6.73 G2 : ICCV-11602 4.37 4.60 4.49 5.60 5.78 5.69 6.98 7.76 7.37 G3 : ICCV-11603 4.56 4.81 4.69 6.25 6.48 6.36 7.67 7.93 7.80 G4 : ICCV-11604 4.47 4.66 4.56 5.99 6.20 6.09 7.56 7.12 7.34 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 5.34 5.67 5.51 6.03 6.22 6.12 6.91 7.18 7.05 S.Em± 0.25 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.19 0.17 0.13 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.81 0.25 0.39 0.56 0.43 0.32 0.64 0.54 0.38 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 4.80 4.97 4.89 6.17 6.38 6.27 7.53 7.77 7.65 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 4.53 4.78 4.65 5.82 6.01 5.92 7.15 7.35 7.25 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 4.30 4.59 4.45 5.47 5.66 5.56 6.76 6.97 6.87 S.Em± 0.17 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.08 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS 0.33 0.20 0.19 0.31 0.35 0.22 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 4.20 4.29 4.24 5.52 5.72 5.62 6.96 7.20 7.08 G1D2 4.01 4.15 4.08 5.24 5.39 5.32 6.61 6.81 6.71 G1D3 3.76 4.01 3.88 4.95 5.12 5.04 6.29 6.49 6.39 G2D1 4.62 4.74 4.68 5.87 6.04 5.95 7.63 8.09 7.86 G2D2 4.39 4.62 4.51 5.62 5.79 5.71 6.93 7.78 7.36 G2D3 4.11 4.43 4.27 5.30 5.50 5.40 6.38 7.41 6.90 G3D1 4.74 4.96 4.85 6.52 6.77 6.65 7.98 8.25 8.12 G3D2 4.49 4.80 4.65 6.26 6.50 6.38 7.69 7.94 7.82 G3D3 4.45 4.68 4.57 5.95 6.18 6.06 7.35 7.60 7.48 G4D1 4.64 4.79 4.72 6.26 6.47 6.37 7.87 7.43 7.65 G4D2 4.44 4.66 4.55 6.01 6.22 6.12 7.58 7.12 7.35 G4D3 4.32 4.53 4.43 5.70 5.90 5.80 7.22 6.80 7.01 G5D1 5.82 6.08 5.95 6.67 6.90 6.79 7.22 7.88 7.55 G5D2 5.32 5.65 5.49 5.98 6.15 6.07 6.93 7.11 7.02 G5D3 4.88 5.29 5.08 5.43 5.62 5.52 6.57 6.57 6.57 S.Em± 0.38 0.41 0.28 0.25 0.16 0.15 0.23 0.26 0.18 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Secondary branches per plant of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Secondary branches per plant



Secondary branches per plant of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Secondary branches per plant



Canopy spread per plant of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Canopy spread per plant (cm2)



Canopy spread per plant of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Canopy spread per plant (cm2)



Growth parameters of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment First pod height (cm) Days to 50% flowering Days to maturity

2011-12 2011-12 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled

Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 41.99 42.84 42.41 56.11 57.00 56.56 99.00 100.56 99.78

G2 : ICCV-11602 43.16 43.89 43.53 57.89 58.78 58.33 101.22 102.56 101.89

G3 : ICCV-11603 37.31 38.66 37.98 60.00 62.00 61.00 103.56 104.33 103.94

G4 : ICCV-11604 39.53 41.84 40.68 62.33 64.67 63.50 107.33 108.56 107.94

G5 : JG-11 (Check) 20.36 21.38 20.87 41.67 43.56 42.61 89.22 90.00 89.61

S.Em± 0.42 0.36 0.28 0.38 0.68 0.39 0.37 0.54 0.33

C.D. (P=0.05) 1.38 1.18 0.83 1.25 2.22 1.17 1.20 1.77 0.98

Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 35.14 36.32 35.73 55.93 57.53 56.73 101.07 102.07 101.57

D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 36.45 37.71 37.08 55.53 57.20 56.37 100.13 101.27 100.70

D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 37.82 39.13 38.48 55.33 56.87 56.10 99.00 100.27 99.63

S.Em± 0.28 0.31 0.21 0.26 0.28 0.19 0.28 0.32 0.21

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.83 0.90 0.59 NS NS NS 0.83 0.93 0.61

Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 40.77 41.53 41.15 56.67 57.33 57.00 100.00 101.33 100.67

G1D2 41.99 42.83 42.41 56.00 57.00 56.50 99.00 100.67 99.83

G1D3 43.22 44.15 43.68 55.67 56.67 56.17 98.00 99.67 98.83

G2D1 41.80 42.52 42.16 58.33 59.00 58.67 102.00 103.33 102.67

G2D2 43.12 43.88 43.50 58.00 58.67 58.33 101.33 102.67 102.00

G2D3 44.57 45.28 44.93 57.33 58.67 58.00 100.33 101.67 101.00

G3D1 36.03 37.27 36.65 60.33 62.33 61.33 104.67 105.33 105.00

G3D2 37.31 38.64 37.98 60.00 62.00 61.00 103.67 104.33 104.00

G3D3 38.57 40.06 39.31 59.67 61.67 60.67 102.33 103.33 102.83

G4D1 38.23 40.53 39.38 62.33 65.00 63.67 108.33 109.33 108.83

G4D2 39.49 41.83 40.66 62.00 64.67 63.33 107.33 108.67 108.00

G4D3 40.87 43.15 42.01 62.67 64.33 63.50 106.33 107.67 107.00

G5D1 18.87 19.77 19.32 42.00 44.00 43.00 90.33 91.00 90.67

G5D2 20.33 21.35 20.84 41.67 43.67 42.67 89.33 90.00 89.67

G5D3 21.88 23.03 22.46 41.33 43.00 42.17 88.00 89.00 88.50

S.Em± 0.63 0.68 0.46 0.62 0.85 0.43 0.63 0.79 0.47

C.D. (P=0.05) 1.86 2.02 1.33 NS NS NS NS NS NS

Growth parameters of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment First pod height (cm) Days to 50% flowering Days to maturity


Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 45.07 46.52 45.80 58.11 61.44 59.78 106.22 107.67 106.94

G2 : ICCV-11602 45.42 47.29 46.36 59.56 62.44 61.00 107.44 108.56 108.00

G3 : ICCV-11603 42.34 43.45 42.90 63.78 66.00 64.89 109.78 111.44 110.61

G4 : ICCV-11604 43.16 44.92 44.04 65.22 69.33 67.28 113.33 114.11 113.72

G5 : JG-11 (Check) 23.18 23.96 23.57 44.44 49.11 46.78 94.67 97.67 96.17

S.Em± 0.46 0.85 0.48 2.82 0.63 1.45 1.20 0.99 0.78

C.D. (P=0.05) 1.49 2.78 1.45 9.20 2.05 4.33 3.91 3.24 2.34

Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 38.33 39.76 39.04 58.47 61.80 60.13 106.93 108.53 107.73

D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 39.77 41.21 40.49 58.20 61.67 59.93 106.33 108.00 107.17

D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 41.40 42.72 42.06 58.00 61.53 59.77 105.60 107.13 106.37

S.Em± 0.32 0.37 0.24 0.20 0.23 0.15 0.55 0.58 0.40


Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 43.55 45.12 44.33 58.00 61.67 59.83 107.00 108.33 107.67

G1D2 45.00 46.49 45.74 58.33 61.33 59.83 106.33 107.67 107.00

G1D3 46.67 47.96 47.31 58.00 61.33 59.67 105.33 107.00 106.17

G2D1 44.13 45.91 45.02 60.00 63.00 61.50 108.00 109.00 108.50

G2D2 45.33 47.29 46.31 59.33 62.33 60.83 107.67 108.67 108.17

G2D3 46.80 48.68 47.74 59.33 62.00 60.67 106.67 108.00 107.33

G3D1 40.83 42.02 41.43 64.00 66.33 65.17 110.33 112.00 111.17

G3D2 42.28 43.41 42.84 63.67 66.00 64.83 109.67 111.67 110.67

G3D3 43.90 44.93 44.41 63.67 65.67 64.67 109.33 110.67 110.00

G4D1 41.80 43.45 42.62 65.33 69.33 67.33 113.67 114.67 114.17

G4D2 43.11 44.92 44.02 65.33 69.33 67.33 113.33 114.33 113.83

G4D3 44.57 46.38 45.47 65.00 69.33 67.17 113.00 113.33 113.17

G5D1 21.33 22.30 21.82 45.00 48.67 46.83 95.67 98.67 97.17

G5D2 23.13 23.94 23.53 44.33 49.33 46.83 94.67 97.67 96.17

G5D3 25.07 25.64 25.35 44.00 49.33 46.67 93.67 96.67 95.17

S.Em± 0.74 1.08 0.54 0.45 0.52 0.34 1.23 1.31 0.90


Phenophases of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Vegetative growth period Reproductive growth period

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 41.67 42.89 42.28 49.89 50.33 50.11 G2 : ICCV-11602 41.78 43.56 42.67 52.00 51.44 51.72 G3 : ICCV-11603 44.78 45.56 45.17 51.22 51.11 51.17 G4 : ICCV-11604 46.89 48.89 47.89 52.78 51.67 52.22 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 30.22 30.67 30.44 51.89 52.00 51.94 S.Em± 0.76 0.66 0.50 0.67 1.17 0.67 C.D. (P=0.05) 2.49 2.15 1.51 NS NS NS Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 41.40 42.60 42.00 52.07 51.80 51.93 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 40.93 42.20 41.57 51.67 51.47 51.57 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 40.87 42.13 41.50 50.93 50.67 50.80 S.Em± 0.51 0.42 0.33 0.57 0.50 0.38 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 41.67 43.33 42.50 51.00 50.67 50.83 G1D2 41.67 42.67 42.17 50.00 50.67 50.33 G1D3 41.67 42.67 42.17 48.67 49.67 49.17 G2D1 42.33 43.67 43.00 52.33 52.00 52.17 G2D2 41.67 43.67 42.67 52.33 51.67 52.00 G2D3 41.33 43.33 42.33 51.33 50.67 51.00 G3D1 45.33 45.67 45.50 51.33 51.67 51.50 G3D2 44.67 45.33 45.00 51.33 51.00 51.17 G3D3 44.33 45.67 45.00 51.00 50.67 50.83 G4D1 47.00 49.00 48.00 53.33 52.33 52.83 G4D2 46.67 49.00 47.83 53.00 52.00 52.50 G4D3 47.00 48.67 47.83 52.00 50.67 51.33 G5D1 30.67 31.33 31.00 52.33 52.33 52.33 G5D2 30.00 30.33 30.17 51.67 52.00 51.83 G5D3 30.00 30.33 30.17 51.67 51.67 51.67 S.Em± 1.20 1.02 0.74 1.24 1.48 0.85 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS

Phenophases of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Vegetative growth period Reproductive growth period

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 45.22 45.11 45.17 53.44 54.89 54.17 G2 : ICCV-11602 45.13 45.36 45.24 54.56 55.33 54.94 G3 : ICCV-11603 47.09 47.76 47.42 54.67 55.56 55.11 G4 : ICCV-11604 50.04 50.82 50.43 55.33 55.11 55.22 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 33.56 34.00 33.78 53.67 56.33 55.00 S.Em± 0.63 1.08 0.62 1.39 1.75 1.12 C.D. (P=0.05) 2.04 3.52 1.87 NS NS NS Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 44.50 44.83 44.66 54.73 55.80 55.27 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 44.16 44.56 44.36 54.40 55.60 55.00 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 43.96 44.43 44.20 53.87 54.93 54.40 S.Em± 0.50 0.41 0.32 0.82 0.81 0.58 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 45.33 45.67 45.50 53.67 55.33 54.50 G1D2 45.33 44.67 45.00 53.67 55.00 54.33 G1D3 45.00 45.00 45.00 53.00 54.33 53.67 G2D1 45.47 45.47 45.47 54.67 55.33 55.00 G2D2 45.13 45.47 45.30 55.00 55.33 55.17 G2D3 44.80 45.13 44.97 54.00 55.33 54.67 G3D1 48.20 48.53 48.37 54.33 55.33 54.83 G3D2 46.53 47.87 47.20 55.00 56.00 55.50 G3D3 46.53 46.87 46.70 54.67 55.33 55.00 G4D1 49.15 50.15 49.65 56.67 56.33 56.50 G4D2 50.48 50.82 50.65 54.67 55.33 55.00 G4D3 50.48 51.48 50.98 54.67 53.67 54.17 G5D1 34.33 34.33 34.33 54.33 56.67 55.50 G5D2 33.33 34.00 33.67 53.67 56.33 55.00 G5D3 33.00 33.67 33.33 53.00 56.00 54.50 S.Em± 1.11 0.92 0.72 1.84 1.82 1.29 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS

LTR and LAR of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Light transmission ratio

(LTR, %)

Light absorption ratio

(LAR, %) Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 20.85 79.15 G2 : ICCV-11602 24.30 75.70 G3 : ICCV-11603 19.89 80.11 G4 : ICCV-11604 22.88 77.12 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 13.56 86.44 S.Em± 0.71 0.71 C.D. (P=0.05) 2.31 2.31 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 22.56 77.44 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 20.35 79.65 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 17.97 82.03 S.Em± 0.18 0.18 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.53 0.53 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 23.05 76.95 G1D2 20.93 79.07 G1D3 18.56 81.44 G2D1 26.49 73.51 G2D2 24.39 75.61 G2D3 22.02 77.98 G3D1 22.18 77.82 G3D2 19.87 80.13 G3D3 17.61 82.39 G4D1 24.99 75.01 G4D2 22.92 77.08 G4D3 20.74 79.26 G5D1 16.10 83.90 G5D2 13.65 86.35 G5D3 10.93 89.07 S.Em± 0.40 0.40 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.18 1.18

LTR and LAR of chickpea genotypes as influenced by plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Light transmission ratio

(LTR, %)

Light absorption ratio

(LAR, %) Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 17.70 82.30 G2 : ICCV-11602 20.62 79.38 G3 : ICCV-11603 16.67 83.33 G4 : ICCV-11604 18.62 81.38 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 8.40 91.60 S.Em± 0.24 0.24 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.79 0.79 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 18.66 81.34 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 16.44 83.56 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 14.10 85.90 S.Em± 0.15 0.15 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.45 0.45 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 19.79 80.21 G1D2 17.73 82.27 G1D3 15.60 84.40 G2D1 22.80 77.20 G2D2 20.67 79.33 G2D3 18.38 81.62 G3D1 18.86 81.14 G3D2 16.70 83.30 G3D3 14.45 85.55 G4D1 20.73 79.27 G4D2 18.64 81.36 G4D3 16.48 83.52 G5D1 11.13 88.87 G5D2 8.48 91.52 G5D3 5.60 94.40 S.Em± 0.34 0.34 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.01 1.01

Weed population and biomass plot-1 as influenced by chickpea genotypes and plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Weed population plot-1 Weed biomass plot-1

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 4.57 8.86 6.72 3.26 4.67 3.96 G2 : ICCV-11602 6.90 11.18 9.04 4.28 5.46 4.87 G3 : ICCV-11603 6.63 10.74 8.68 2.80 4.47 3.64 G4 : ICCV-11604 5.64 9.52 7.58 2.51 3.88 3.19 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 4.15 8.38 6.27 2.12 3.64 2.88 S.Em± 0.27 0.31 0.21 0.34 0.26 0.22 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.89 1.01 0.62 1.11 0.85 0.65 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 6.89 11.12 9.00 4.19 5.89 5.04 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 5.59 9.78 7.69 3.02 4.45 3.73 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 4.26 8.31 6.28 1.77 2.93 2.35 S.Em± 0.23 0.29 0.18 0.16 0.19 0.12 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.67 0.85 0.52 0.46 0.55 0.35 Interaction (GxD) G1D1 6.00 10.11 8.06 4.79 6.54 5.66 G1D2 4.60 8.91 6.76 3.32 4.73 4.03 G1D3 3.12 7.56 5.34 1.66 2.75 2.21 G2D1 8.17 12.78 10.47 5.35 7.10 6.22 G2D2 6.85 11.26 9.06 4.34 5.42 4.88 G2D3 5.67 9.49 7.58 3.15 3.87 3.51 G3D1 8.00 12.20 10.10 3.90 5.65 4.77 G3D2 6.67 10.75 8.71 2.78 4.53 3.66 G3D3 5.22 9.26 7.24 1.74 3.22 2.48 G4D1 6.93 10.73 8.83 3.76 5.18 4.47 G4D2 5.67 9.54 7.60 2.47 3.89 3.18 G4D3 4.33 8.30 6.32 1.30 2.57 1.93 G5D1 5.33 9.78 7.56 3.18 4.99 4.09 G5D2 4.17 8.43 6.30 2.20 3.67 2.93 G5D3 2.95 6.93 4.94 1.00 2.26 1.63 S.Em± 0.51 0.64 0.41 0.35 0.42 0.27 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.51 1.89 1.17 1.04 1.23 0.78

Weed population and biomass plot-1 as influenced by chickpea genotypes and plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Weed population plot-1 Weed biomass plot-1

2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled Genotype (G) G1 : ICCV-11601 7.01 10.65 8.83 6.62 8.29 7.45 G2 : ICCV-11602 12.64 17.09 14.87 9.05 11.02 10.04 G3 : ICCV-11603 7.31 11.03 9.17 4.05 5.70 4.87 G4 : ICCV-11604 7.40 10.79 9.09 5.79 7.44 6.61 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 6.72 10.64 8.68 3.54 5.18 4.36 S.Em± 0.51 0.53 0.37 0.33 0.33 0.23 C.D. (P=0.05) 1.67 1.73 1.10 1.07 1.06 0.70 Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 9.49 13.44 11.47 8.16 9.94 9.05 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 8.20 11.91 10.05 5.55 7.27 6.41 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 6.95 10.77 8.86 3.72 5.36 4.54 S.Em± 0.33 0.28 0.21 0.30 0.28 0.20 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.96 0.81 0.61 0.87 0.83 0.58 Interaction (GxD) G1D1 8.35 11.80 10.08 9.35 10.97 10.16 G1D2 7.00 10.67 8.83 6.25 8.00 7.12 G1D3 5.67 9.50 7.58 4.25 5.90 5.07 G2D1 14.33 19.33 16.83 11.34 13.66 12.50 G2D2 12.60 16.60 14.60 9.27 11.20 10.24 G2D3 11.00 15.33 13.17 6.55 8.20 7.37 G3D1 8.67 12.67 10.67 6.41 8.06 7.23 G3D2 7.42 10.75 9.08 3.52 5.17 4.34 G3D3 5.83 9.67 7.75 2.22 3.87 3.04 G4D1 8.67 12.00 10.33 8.25 9.90 9.08 G4D2 7.33 10.84 9.09 5.49 7.14 6.32 G4D3 6.19 9.53 7.86 3.62 5.27 4.44 G5D1 7.42 11.42 9.42 5.44 7.09 6.27 G5D2 6.67 10.67 8.67 3.20 4.85 4.03 G5D3 6.08 9.83 7.96 1.98 3.59 2.79 S.Em± 0.73 0.62 0.48 0.66 0.63 0.46 C.D. (P=0.05) 2.15 1.81 1.36 1.95 1.87 1.31

Wilt incidence as influenced by chickpea genotypes and plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Wilt incidence (%)

30 DAS 60 DAS 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled

Genotype (G)

G1 : ICCV-11601 2.57 2.33 2.45 1.66 1.15 1.40 G2 : ICCV-11602 2.59 2.34 2.47 1.73 0.87 1.30 G3 : ICCV-11603 1.96 1.59 1.77 1.29 0.87 1.08 G4 : ICCV-11604 1.66 1.42 1.54 1.20 0.99 1.10 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 1.51 0.69 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.05 S.Em± 0.43 0.58 0.36 0.19 0.10 0.11 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 2.41 1.94 2.18 1.85 1.25 1.55 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 2.05 1.68 1.86 1.42 0.97 1.19 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 1.71 1.41 1.56 0.91 0.72 0.81 S.Em± 0.18 0.28 0.17 0.13 0.09 0.08 C.D. (P=0.05) 0.55 NS 0.48 0.38 0.25 0.22 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 2.93 2.64 2.79 2.29 1.56 1.93 G1D2 2.58 2.34 2.46 1.70 1.12 1.41 G1D3 2.21 2.01 2.11 0.98 0.76 0.87 G2D1 3.04 2.77 2.90 2.08 1.16 1.62 G2D2 2.62 2.36 2.49 1.91 0.83 1.37 G2D3 2.11 1.90 2.00 1.19 0.60 0.90 G3D1 2.21 1.79 2.00 1.88 1.16 1.52 G3D2 1.96 1.59 1.77 1.24 0.83 1.04 G3D3 1.71 1.39 1.55 0.76 0.60 0.68 G4D1 2.00 1.63 1.81 1.53 1.17 1.35 G4D2 1.65 1.43 1.54 1.20 1.04 1.12 G4D3 1.33 1.20 1.27 0.89 0.77 0.83 G5D1 1.90 0.85 1.38 1.46 1.22 1.34 G5D2 1.44 0.67 1.05 1.03 1.04 1.03 G5D3 1.18 0.55 0.87 0.71 0.86 0.79 S.Em± 0.41 0.63 0.38 0.28 0.19 0.17 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS

Wilt incidence as influenced by chickpea genotypes and plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Wilt incidence (%)

30 DAS 60 DAS 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled 2011-12 2012-13 Pooled

Genotype (G)

G1 : ICCV-11601 1.27 0.89 1.08 1.52 1.39 1.45 G2 : ICCV-11602 1.21 0.66 0.93 1.46 1.23 1.35 G3 : ICCV-11603 0.98 0.70 0.84 1.40 1.17 1.29 G4 : ICCV-11604 0.95 0.62 0.79 1.28 1.11 1.19 G5 : JG-11 (Check) 0.84 0.63 0.73 1.22 1.01 1.11 S.Em± 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.08 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS Plant density (D) D1 : 3.33 lakhs ha-1 (Normal) 1.19 0.81 1.00 1.59 1.36 1.47 D2 : 3.99 lakhs ha-1 (20% higher) 1.06 0.69 0.88 1.38 1.19 1.28 D3 : 4.66 lakhs ha-1 (40% higher) 0.91 0.59 0.75 1.17 1.00 1.08 S.Em± 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.05 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS 0.19 0.26 0.19 0.15 Genotype x plant density (GxD) G1D1 1.40 1.03 1.22 1.76 1.57 1.66 G1D2 1.27 0.88 1.08 1.52 1.39 1.46 G1D3 1.15 0.76 0.96 1.28 1.21 1.25 G2D1 1.34 0.78 1.06 1.68 1.42 1.55 G2D2 1.21 0.66 0.94 1.47 1.24 1.35 G2D3 1.07 0.53 0.80 1.25 1.03 1.14 G3D1 1.15 0.77 0.96 1.62 1.37 1.49 G3D2 0.98 0.69 0.84 1.40 1.17 1.29 G3D3 0.81 0.65 0.73 1.19 0.99 1.09 G4D1 1.09 0.75 0.92 1.46 1.26 1.36 G4D2 0.96 0.62 0.79 1.28 1.12 1.20 G4D3 0.81 0.49 0.65 1.09 0.95 1.02 G5D1 0.97 0.73 0.85 1.42 1.18 1.30 G5D2 0.85 0.63 0.74 1.23 1.01 1.12 G5D3 0.70 0.52 0.61 1.02 0.83 0.92 S.Em± 0.25 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.12 C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS

Economics of chickpea as influenced by genotypes and plant densities under rainfed ecosystem

Treatment Gross return (Rs. ha-1) Net return (Rs. ha-1) B:C ratio


G1D1 40659 51238 45949 25811 36391 31101 1.74 2.45 2.09

G1D2 47473 58372 52922 31813 42712 37262 2.03 2.73 2.38

G1D3 53028 63902 58465 36556 47430 41993 2.22 2.88 2.55

G2D1 42514 52636 47575 27666 37789 32727 1.86 2.55 2.20

G2D2 50250 60233 55242 34590 44573 39582 2.21 2.85 2.53

G2D3 56796 66671 61734 40324 50199 45261 2.45 3.05 2.75

G3D1 36927 48511 42719 22080 33664 27872 1.49 2.27 1.88

G3D2 43918 55614 49766 28258 39954 34106 1.80 2.55 2.18

G3D3 49454 61468 55461 32982 44996 38989 2.00 2.73 2.37

G4D1 43938 53937 48937 29090 39089 34090 1.96 2.63 2.30

G4D2 51649 61264 56457 35989 45604 40797 2.30 2.91 2.61

G4D3 58311 68140 63226 41839 51667 46753 2.54 3.14 2.84

G5D1 59924 68833 64378 45076 53985 49531 3.04 3.64 3.34

G5D2 64336 74214 69275 48676 58554 53615 3.11 3.74 3.42

G5D3 66982 76938 71960 50510 60465 55487 3.07 3.67 3.37

S.Em± 836 772 569 836 772 569 0.04 0.05 0.03

C.D. (P=0.05) 2465 2277 1626 2465 2277 1626 0.11 0.14 0.09

Economics of chickpea as influenced by genotypes and plant densities under irrigated ecosystem

Treatment Gross return (Rs. ha-1) Net return (Rs. ha-1) B:C ratio


G1D1 52191 58952 55571 36343 43105 39724 3.29 3.72 3.51

G1D2 62069 69038 65554 45409 52378 48894 3.73 4.14 3.93

G1D3 69226 76420 72823 51754 58948 55351 3.96 4.37 4.17

G2D1 55084 61603 58344 39237 45756 42496 3.48 3.89 3.68

G2D2 65268 71874 68571 48608 55214 51911 3.92 4.31 4.12

G2D3 72749 79571 76160 55276 62099 58687 4.16 4.55 4.36

G3D1 52216 57806 55011 36369 41958 39163 3.29 3.65 3.47

G3D2 61923 67686 64805 45263 51026 48145 3.72 4.06 3.89

G3D3 68637 74847 71742 51164 57374 54269 3.93 4.28 4.11

G4D1 56769 63477 60123 40921 47630 44275 3.58 4.01 3.79

G4D2 67833 74636 71234 51173 57976 54574 4.07 4.48 4.28

G4D3 76015 83046 79530 58542 65574 62058 4.35 4.75 4.55

G5D1 72780 76535 74658 56933 60688 58810 4.59 4.83 4.71

G5D2 78300 83089 80694 61640 66429 64034 4.70 4.99 4.84

G5D3 82659 88002 85330 65186 70529 67858 4.73 5.04 4.88

S.Em± 1643 1454 1097 1643 1454 1097 0.10 0.09 0.07

C.D. (P=0.05) 4848 4289 3136 4848 4289 3136 0.29 0.26 0.19

Experiment – III

Performance of tall chickpea genotypes for mechanical harvesting

Genotype (G)

G1: ICCV-11601

G2: ICCV-11602

G3: ICCV-11603

G4: ICCV-11604

G5: JG-11 (Check)

Treatment details

ICCV-11601 : erect and tall genotype



ICCV-11604: erect and tall genotype

JG-11 : semi-erect genotype

Seed and straw moisture content after harvest as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Seed moisture content (%) Straw moisture content (%)

MH CH Mean

difference t-test value

MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 10.15 9.83 0.32 0.12NS 14.46 14.08 0.37 0.08NS

ICCV-11602 10.10 9.98 0.11 0.03NS 14.88 14.17 0.71 0.15NS

ICCV-11603 10.22 10.04 0.17 0.05NS 15.22 14.47 0.75 0.14NS

ICCV-11604 10.27 10.15 0.12 0.03NS 15.73 14.81 0.92 0.14NS

JG-11 (Check) 10.13 9.94 0.19 0.27NS 15.15 14.35 0.81 0.18NS

S.Em± 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.39

C.D. (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS

MH : Mechanical harvesting; CH : Conventional harvesting NS : Non-significant; *Significant at 5% level

Productive and un-productive time for harvesting as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Productive time (h fed-1) Un-productive time (h fed-1)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 0.92 59.06 -58.15 263.06* 0.27 39.50 -39.23 12.43*

ICCV-11602 0.93 69.42 -68.49 123.25* 0.29 40.07 -39.78 13.01*

ICCV-11603 0.90 57.04 -56.14 84.29* 0.27 39.30 -39.03 10.83*

ICCV-11604 0.90 60.02 -59.11 159.99* 0.27 39.50 -39.23 12.25*

JG-11 (Check) 1.23 80.97 -79.74 50.95* 0.49 45.75 -45.26 14.83*

S.Em± 0.01 0.64 0.01 0.28

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.03 1.98 0.02 0.86

MH : Mechanical harvesting; CH : Conventional harvesting *Significant at 5% level

Total time taken and forward speed for harvesting as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Total time taken for harvesting (h fed-1) Forward speed (m sec-1)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 1.18 98.56 -97.38 29.58* 0.28 0.02 0.26 177.35*

ICCV-11602 1.22 109.49 -108.27 33.92* 0.28 0.02 0.26 140.10*

ICCV-11603 1.17 96.33 -95.17 22.31* 0.29 0.02 0.27 252.13*

ICCV-11604 1.17 99.52 -98.34 27.55* 0.29 0.02 0.27 76.45*

JG-11 (Check) 1.72 126.72 -125.00 27.49* 0.21 0.01 0.20 83.88*

S.Em± 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.00

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.04 2.13 0.01 0.00


Weight of cleaned grain and grain purity as influenced by tall chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Weight of cleaned grain (kg fed-1) Grain purity (%)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 623.10 764.27 -141.16 7.68* 99.76 98.76 1.00 18.40*

ICCV-11602 646.07 780.94 -134.87 5.85* 99.69 97.98 1.70 28.20*

ICCV-11603 628.57 725.69 -97.12 5.89* 99.80 98.97 0.83 25.05*

ICCV-11604 674.96 805.88 -130.92 9.60* 99.65 98.61 1.04 22.18*

JG-11 (Check) 661.37 1027.30 -365.93 18.26* 99.36 98.17 1.20 20.12*

S.Em± 10.31 4.91 0.02 0.05

C.D. (P=0.05) 31.77 15.14 0.06 0.14


Weight of seed left over pods and grain losses as influenced by tall chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Weight of seed left over pods (kg fed-1) Grain losses (%)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 26.31 26.81 -0.49 0.30NS 4.05 3.34 0.71 3.40*

ICCV-11602 31.66 28.30 3.36 9.10* 4.66 3.43 1.23 10.22*

ICCV-11603 15.76 15.81 -0.05 0.11NS 2.44 2.11 0.33 4.41*

ICCV-11604 19.29 19.81 -0.52 1.32NS 2.77 2.37 0.40 5.45*

JG-11 (Check) 161.48 39.41 122.07 39.09* 19.52 3.63 15.89 66.16*

S.Em± 1.41 0.70 0.13 0.07

C.D. (P=0.05) 4.33 2.15 0.41 0.23


Weight of damaged grain and grain damage as influenced by tall chickpea under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Weight of damaged grain (kg fed-1) Grain damage (%)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 0.83 4.22 -3.38 5.70* 0.13 0.53 -0.40 5.35*

ICCV-11602 0.97 5.68 -4.71 8.53* 0.14 0.69 -0.54 9.28*

ICCV-11603 0.66 3.44 -2.78 9.64* 0.10 0.46 -0.36 10.95*

ICCV-11604 1.70 6.15 -4.45 24.55* 0.24 0.74 -0.49 17.53*

JG-11 (Check) 3.33 11.99 -8.66 19.87* 0.40 1.10 -0.70 24.85*

S.Em± 0.11 0.42 0.02 0.05

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.34 1.31 0.05 0.15


Weight of un-threshed grain and Un-threshed grains losses as influenced by tall chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Weight of un-threshed grain (kg fed-1) Un-threshed grains (%)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 0.69 5.39 -4.70 9.24* 0.11 0.67 -0.57 8.79*

ICCV-11602 1.04 10.36 -9.32 19.53* 0.15 1.26 -1.11 13.21*

ICCV-11603 0.62 4.13 -3.51 27.82* 0.10 0.55 -0.45 51.70*

ICCV-11604 0.66 5.22 -4.56 17.78* 0.09 0.62 -0.53 18.13*

JG-11 (Check) 0.90 7.21 -6.31 9.15* 0.11 0.66 -0.55 9.13*

S.Em± 0.02 0.45 0.00 0.06

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.07 1.39 0.01 0.17


Total harvest losses and harvest losses percentage as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Total harvest losses (h fed-1) Total harvest losses percentage

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 27.83 36.41 -8.58 4.66* 4.28 4.54 -0.26 1.15NS

ICCV-11602 33.68 44.34 -10.66 24.21* 4.96 5.38 -0.42 2.59NS

ICCV-11603 17.05 23.38 -6.33 10.70* 2.64 3.12 -0.48 6.93*

ICCV-11604 21.65 31.18 -9.53 16.24* 3.11 3.73 -0.62 6.40*

JG-11 (Check) 165.71 58.61 107.10 34.32* 20.03 5.40 14.63 63.53*

S.Em± 1.41 0.71 0.14 0.08

C.D. (P=0.05) 4.33 2.18 0.43 0.24


Actual and theoretical field capacity as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Actual field capacity (fed h-1) Theoretical field capacity (fed h-1)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 0.844 0.010 0.83 269.38* 1.091 0.021 1.07 188.19*

ICCV-11602 0.821 0.009 0.81 173.80* 1.078 0.017 1.06 146.86*

ICCV-11603 0.858 0.010 0.85 363.22* 1.113 0.022 1.09 287.95*

ICCV-11604 0.854 0.010 0.84 74.04* 1.106 0.021 1.09 80.84*

JG-11 (Check) 0.582 0.008 0.57 81.55* 0.812 0.014 0.80 89.08*

S.Em± 0.007 0.000 0.009 0.000

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.022 0.000 0.028 0.000


Harvest percentage and performance efficiency as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Harvest percentage (%) Performance efficiency (%)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 95.95 96.66 -0.71 3.40* 95.72 95.46 0.26 1.15NS

ICCV-11602 95.34 96.57 -1.23 4.41* 95.04 94.62 0.42 2.59NS

ICCV-11603 97.56 97.89 -0.33 10.22* 97.36 96.88 0.48 6.93*

ICCV-11604 97.23 97.63 -0.40 5.45* 96.89 96.27 0.62 6.40*

JG-11 (Check) 80.48 96.37 -15.89 66.16* 79.97 94.60 -14.63 63.53*

S.Em± 0.13 0.07 0.14 0.08

C.D. (P=0.05) 0.41 0.23 0.43 0.24


Field efficiency and energy consumption as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Genotype

Field efficiency (%) Energy consumption (kW. h fed-1)

MH CH Mean


MH CH Mean


ICCV-11601 77.38 60.11 17.27 9.03* 10.07 9.86 0.21 0.63NS

ICCV-11602 76.11 63.55 12.56 7.07* 10.36 10.95 -0.59 1.82NS

ICCV-11603 77.07 59.47 17.60 8.86* 9.91 9.63 0.28 0.65NS

ICCV-11604 77.14 60.50 16.64 8.83* 9.96 9.95 0.01 0.03NS

JG-11 (Check) 71.72 64.02 7.70 6.25* 14.61 12.67 1.94 3.98*

S.Em± 0.38 0.37 0.11 0.07

C.D. (P=0.05) 1.18 1.13 0.35 0.21

MH : Mechanical harvesting; CH : Conventional harvesting NS : Non-significant; *Significant at 5% level

Economic analysis of mechanical and conventional harvesting method

Parameters Genotypes

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

Combine harvester charges, Rs./h 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Actual field capacity of machine, fed/h 0.84 0.82 0.86 0.85 0.58

Operation cost, Rs./ha 1184 1219 1166 1172 1718

Monetary value of losses, Rs./fed 835 1010 511 649 4971

Total mechanical harvest cost, Rs./fed 2019 2229 1677 1821 6689

Cost of conventional harvesting 3156 3386 2778 3004 3800

Benefit over conventional harvesting 1137 1157 1101 1183 -2889

G1 : ICCV-11601 : erect and tall genotype G2 : ICCV-11602 : erect and tall genotype G3 : ICCV-11603 : erect and tall genotype G4 : ICCV-11604: erect and tall genotype G5 : JG-11 : semi-erect genotype

Chickpea genotypes during rabi season under irrigated ecosystem results in higher seed yield compared to rainfed ecosystem.

The semi-erect genotype JG-11 planted at 40 per cent higher plant density followed by 20 per cent higher plant density produced higher seed yield compared to other treatments. The tall genotype, ICCV-11604 planted at 40 per cent higher plant density produced on par seed yield (2258 kg ha-1) with JG-11 planted at normal density (2299 kg ha-1) under rainfed ecosystem. But under irrigated ecosystem the former combination produced higher seed yield (2840 kg ha-1) than planting JG-11 at normal density (2666 kg ha-1) and on par seed yield with JG-11 at 20 per cent higher plant density (2882 kg ha-1).

Practical utility

Mechanical harvesting of semi-erect genotype JG-11 recorded

20.03 per cent higher total grain losses compared tall

genotypes.

Planting tall chickpea genotype ICCV-11604 at 40 per cent

higher density under irrigation ecosystem produced higher

seed yield compared to JG-11 by minimizing the grain losses in

mechanical harvesting was found to be optimum for higher

yield of chickpea and this treatment combination is an

appropriate agronomic practice to be disseminated to the

farming community for obtaining higher productivity in

chickpea.

Need to improve further productivity of tall genotypes by

nutrient management.

Need to conducting such studies in different agroclimatic zones

of India.

Efforts are needed to breed tall genotypes with still higher yield

potential.

Future line of work

Photography

Sowing of Expt-I & II

Sowing of Expt-III

Maintaining required plant density

General view of Expt-I

General view of Expt-II

General view of Expt-III

Leaf area measurement

Using AccuPAR

SPAD meter

Leaf relative water content

Soil sample collection for recording moisture content

ICCV-11601

ICCV-11602

ICCV-11603

ICCV-11604

JG-11

Manual harvesting

Machine threshing

Mechanical harvesting

Acknowledgement

Dr. Chidanand P. Mansur, Dean (Hort), College of Horticulture, UHS, Bagalkot, Karnataka

Dr. P.M. Gaur & Sraff, Chickpea Breeding, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh

Staff of physiology & RDS section, ICRISAT

Dr. Rosana Mula & Staff, LSU, ICRISAT, Patancheru.

Housing & Food serving staff, ICRISAT, Patancheru.

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium

Picture here

Thank you!

Government & Nonprofit

Agronomic investigations on tall chickpea genotypes suitable for mechanical harvesting