The City of Ghent as Linked Open Data

Ann Bernaert

@AnnBernaertDigipolis Gent

Domain responsible web & (linked) open data

2010

Why did I get here?

And then I came back...

2011

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 Gentse Feesten

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 Gentse Feesten

2012 First data portal

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 Gentse Feesten

2013 Open data becomes part of the regular operations

2012 First data portal

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 Gentse Feesten

2013 Open data becomes part of the regular operations

2014 A new website: http://stad.gent

2012 First data portal

2014 Launch DOT GENT

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 Gentse Feesten

2013 Open data becomes part of the regular operations

2014 A new website: http://stad.gent

2015 Real-time data

2012 First data portal

2014 Launch DOT GENT

2011 First edition Apps for Ghent

2011 Gentse Feesten

2013 Open data becomes part of the regular operations

2014 A new website: http://stad.gent

2015 Real-time data

2016 Linked Open Data

2012 First data portal

2014 Launch DOT GENT

Why Linked Open Data?

We had stars in our eyes

And we drank too much coffee

… so we decided to go for “5 stars” on http://stad.gent

What is Linked Open Data?

The Semantic Web

A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities

by TIM BERNERS-LEE, JAMES HENDLER and ORA LASSILA Scientifc American, May 2001

http://www-sop.inria.fr/acacia/cours/essi2006/Scientific%20American_%20Feature%20Article_%20The%20Semantic%20Web_%20May%202001.pdf

1. Use URIs to name (identify) things.2. Use HTTP URIs so that these things can be looked up

(interpreted, "dereferenced").3. When a URI is looked up, provide useful information using the

standards such as RDF, SPARQL, etc.4. Refer to other things using their HTTP URI-based names when

publishing data on the Web, so that they can discover more things

The four rules

Triples

Tom is a Cat

Triples

Tom is a Cat

Triples

Tom is a Cat

Triples

Tom is a Cat

Triples

Tom is a http://dbpedia.org/page/Cat

Triples

http://www.facebook.com/tom is a

http://dbpedia.org/page/Cat

Triples

http://www.facebook.com/tom https://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type

http://dbpedia.org/page/Cat

Triples

http://www.facebook.com/tom https://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type

http://dbpedia.org/page/Cat

SubjectPredicate

Object

Triples

http://www.facebook.com/tom https://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type

http://dbpedia.org/page/Cat

ResourceProperty

Class

Triples

facebook:tom rdf:type dbpedia:catSubject Predicate Object

Triples

facebook:tom rdf:type dbpedia:cat

Graph

Triples

Tom is a CatTom is a Dog

Named Graph

Named Graph

Subject Predicate Object Graphname

Which data?

To decide which data was first qualified

… we had a meeting

To decide which data was first qualified

Which data is meaningful to publish as LOD?

To decide which data was first qualified

Which data is meaningful to publish as LOD?

It should be data that would be published on the new website

To decide which data was first qualified

Which data is meaningful to publish as LOD?

It should be data that would be published on the new website

Data that we could extract easily from existing systems

Services

Services

Are the core business of government

Services

Are the core business of government

We were building a local implementation of “IPDC”

Services

Are the core business of government

We were building a local implementation of “IPDC”

OSLO

PassportHuman-readable

<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://stad.gent/id/products/139">

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/cpsv#PublicService"/>

<dc:created>2014-07-03T00:00:00+02:00</dc:created>

<dc:modified>2016-01-20T12:53:47+01:00</dc:modified>

<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://stad.gent/data/products/139"/>

<schema:audience rdf:resource="http://stad.gent/data/ns/gpdc/doelgroepen/burger"/>

<schema:keywords>buitenland</schema:keywords>

<schema:keywords>reizen</schema:keywords>

<dc:identifier>139</dc:identifier>

<foaf:page rdf:resource="https://stad.gent/node/9274"/>

<ns0:follows rdf:resource="https://stad.gent/id/products/139/procedure"/>

<ns0:hasInput rdf:resource="https://stad.gent/id/products/139/bedrag"/>

<ns0:hasInput rdf:resource="https://stad.gent/id/products/139/benodigdheden"/>

<dc:references rdf:resource="https://travellersonline.diplomatie.be/"/>

<dc:references rdf:resource="http://www.diplomatie.belgium.be/nl/Diensten/Op_reis_in_het_buitenland/"/>

<dc:related rdf:resource="http://productencatalogus.vlaanderen.be/fiche/150"/>

<dc:spatial rdf:resource="https://stad.gent/id/products/gebieden/24"/>

<dc:subject rdf:resource="http://stad.gent/data/ns/themas/burgerzaken"/>

<dc:title>Reispas</dc:title>

<dc:coverage rdf:resource="http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/place/BEL_GNE"/>

<ns1:productType rdf:resource="http://productencatalogus.vlaanderen.be/fiche/150"/>

</rdf:Description>

PassportMachine-readable

Services

Services News

Services News

Locations

Services News

LocationsLocations

Events

Examples

http://stad.gent/sparql

Examples

Products for ecological companies:

PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>

PREFIX dct:<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>

SELECT ?product ?titel

WHERE {

?product a <http://purl.org/vocab/cpsv#PublicService>.

?product schema:audience <http://stad.gent/data/ns/gpdc/doelgroepen/onderneming>.

?product dct:subject <http://stad.gent/data/ns/themas/natuur-milieu>.

?product dct:title ?titel

}

Examples

Products for ecological companies:

product title

https://stad.gent/id/products/120 "Projectsubsidie klimaatscholen"

https://stad.gent/id/products/222 "Meld de aanleg van uw geveltuin"

https://stad.gent/id/products/289 "Milieuvergunning"

https://stad.gent/id/products/290 "Vergunningen voor elektronisch versterkte muziek"

https://stad.gent/id/products/304 "Subsidie tijdelijke invulling van publieke ruimte en leegstaande gebouwen"

https://stad.gent/id/products/74 "(Semi)publieke laadpaal voor elektrische wagens voor bedrijven en organisaties"

Examples

Recent news items related to museums

PREFIX schema:<http://schema.org/>

SELECT ?article ?titel ?published

WHERE {

VALUES ?org {

<https://stad.gent/id/agents/a5294c55-f789-e111-a140-0050569826fc>

<https://stad.gent/id/agents/96677ab3-f689-e111-a140-0050569826fc>

}.

?article a schema:NewsArticle.

?article schema:datePublished ?published.

?article <http://schema.org/sourceOrganization> ?org.

?article schema:headline ?titel

} ORDER BY DESC(?published) LIMIT 5

Examples

Recent news items related to museums

article title published

https://stad.gent/id/news/29075 "Museumnacht: Bezoek de Gentse musea" "2015-11-27"

https://stad.gent/id/news/29017 "De schat van je leven” "2015-11-20"

https://stad.gent/id/news/28938 "Ayşe Erkmen & Ann Veronica Janssens" "2015-11-04"

https://stad.gent/id/news/28761 "Trappen tegen armoede in het Huis van Alijn" "2015-10-15"

https://stad.gent/id/news/27045 "Kermisfoto’s gezocht in het Huis van Alijn" "2015-03-27"

Examples

Recent news per location

PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>

PREFIX dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>

PREFIX gent: <http://stad.gent/data/internal/>

SELECT ?news ?titel ?locationid

WHERE {

?news a schema:NewsArticle.

?news schema:headline ?titel.

?news schema:contentLocation ?location.

?news schema:description ?description.

?news schema:datePublished ?date.

?location gent:resourceType ?locationtype.

?location gent:resourceId ?locationid.

FILTER (?date > "2016-02-11T00:00:00+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime)

}

Examples

Recent news per location

news titel locationid

https://stad.gent/id/news/29909 "Japanse stille films met live vertelling door Benshi Kataoka Ichirō" "3738673"

https://stad.gent/id/news/29806 "Chroom-6: buurtbewoners hoeven zich geen zorgen te maken" "16"

https://stad.gent/id/news/29814 "Ottergemse Dries kan een nieuwe groenzone in gebruik nemen!" "20"

https://stad.gent/id/news/29685 "Halfvastenfoor 2016, van suikerspin tot Buffalo-badeendje" "70791"

Next up?

Next StepsIncrease know-how within the organisation

Next StepsIncrease know-how within the organisation

Use Linked Data internally

Next Steps

Publish “leisure data” (events, Visit Gent, Gentse Feesten, …)

Increase know-how within the organisation

Use Linked Data internally

Next Steps

Publish “leisure data” (events, Visit Gent, Gentse Feesten, …)

Start a structural dialogue with other govt’s on ontologies

Increase know-how within the organisation

Use Linked Data internally

Questions?