Polydextrose acutely reduces hunger, affects glucose metabolism, and increases GLP-1 in healthy normal-weight and overweight females

Alvin Ibarra1,*, Kaisa Olli1, Wilrike Pasman2, Henk Hendriks3, Esa Alhoniemi4, Ghulam Shere Raza5, Karl-Heinz Herzig5, and Kirsti Tiihonen1

1 DuPont Nutrition and Health, Finland, 2 TNO, The Netherlands, 3 Hendriks Nutrition Support for Business, The Netherlands, 4 Avoltus Oy, Finland, 5 University of Oulu, Finland

2

Conflicts of interest

The study was fully sponsored by DuPont Nutrition and Health

AI, KO, and KT were employees of DuPont during the study

EA was paid by DuPont to analyze the data

TNO coordinated the study and analyzed the blood samples

WP and HH were employees of TNO during the study

The intervention was carried out at QPS, The Netherlands

The University of Oulu analyzed the breath test samples

GSR and KHH were employees of the University of Oulu during the study

3

Background

EILunch – Total (%) = -0.67 x PDX(g/day)

R2= 0.80

P < 0.01PDX reduces the Energy

Intake in a subsequent

meal

This effect is dose

dependent

Less EI with PDX

Ibarra A, Astbury NM, Olli K, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K. Effects of Polydextrose on Different Levels of Energy Intake: A Systematic Review

and Meta-Analysis. Appetite. 2015 Apr 1;87C:30-37.

However, it is unclear if this effect also occurs when PDX is given at breakfast time

Furthermore, for ecological validity, it is desirable to study a female population, including those at risk for obesity

4

Participants:

32 normal-weight (50%) and overweight (50%) females

Design

Study:

Acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover (ratio, 1:1:1:1)

Dose:

12.5 g of Polydextrose (Litesse Ultra®, DuPont) at breakfast (B) or midmorning (M)400 mL Low-Fat Yogurt (800 kJ)

Treatments:

� PDX-B: Verum (12.5 g of PDX) at breakfast (t=0 min)� CON-B: Placebo at breakfast (t=0 min)

� PDX-M: Verum (12.5 g of PDX) at midmorning (t=150 min)� CON-M: Placebo at midmorning (t=150 min)

5

0 15 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240Standardized

breakfast

Ad libitum

lunch

Treatment

Peptides: CCK, PYY, GLP1, Ghrelin

Glycemia: Glucose and insulin

VAS

Breath test

0 15 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Treatment

VAS

Energy intake

Standardized

breakfast

Ad libitum

lunch

Energy intake

45

45

75

75

105

105 165

165

Parameters

Breakfast

PDX-BCON-B

Midmorning

PDX-MCON-M

Safety, Concomitant Medications, Adverse Events, and Ancillary parameters (Wellbeing and Mood) were also controlled

Time (min)

Time (min)

6

Energy Intakes

800 800

800 800

2694 2537

5354 5543

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Placebo Polydextrose

Breakfast Yogurt Lunch Rest of the day

800 800

800 800

2317 2335

5334 5517

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Placebo Polydextrose

Breakfast Yogurt Lunch Rest of the day

Treatment: Breakfast Treatment: Midmorning

kJ

kJ

There were no differences in energy intakes at subsequent meals

The administration of the yogurt at breakfast (0 min) or at midmorning (150 min) has not significant effect on the amount on the energy intake at subsequent meal (240 min) or the rest of the day

7

Visual Analogue Scales

Subjective

Feelings of

Appetite

PDX-B

Mean (SD)

CON-B

Mean (SD)P

PDX-M

Mean (SD)

CON-M

Mean (SD)P

Satiation (mm x min)

Hunger -836 (428) -786 (371) 0.49 -357 (169) -280 (167) 0.02

Fullness 991 (449) 1034 (445) 0.63 327 (208) 308 (156) 0.52

Desire to Eat -859 (425) -846 (426) 0.86 -301 (178) -261 (193) 0.15

Prospective

Food

Consumption

-712 (383) -689 (324) 0.67 -270 (152) -232 (186) 0.15

Satiety (mm x min)

Hunger 4899 (3424) 4135 (2963) 0.28 963 (1232) 593 (987) 0.18

Fullness -6010 (3671) -5048 (4088) 0.25 -735 (1264) -1077 (1118) 0.16

Desire to Eat 4922 (2892) 4774 (3409) 0.82 804 (1103) 816 (981) 0.92

Prospective

Food

Consumption

4451 (2783) 4474 (3032) 0.97 812 (913) 757 (795) 0.69

Treatment: Midmorning

*

PDX (12.5 g) given with preload significantly reduces hunger during the satiation period

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 30 60 90

Hu

ng

er

Ad

just

ed

(m

m)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Placebo Polydextrose

Hu

ng

er

iAU

C (

mm

x m

in)

Satiety

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

Placebo Polydextrose

Hu

ng

er

iAU

C (

mm

x m

in)

Satiation

Ibarra A, Astbury NM, Olli K, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K. Effect of Polydextrose on Subjective Feelings of Appetite during the Satiation and

Satiety Periods. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):45.

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Appetite Hormones

Treatment: Breakfast

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

-10 30 70 110 150 190 230

CC

K (

pm

ol/

L)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

-10 30 70 110 150 190 230

Gh

reli

n (

pg

/mL)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

0

1

2

3

4

-10 30 70 110 150 190 230

GLP

1 (

pM

)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

-5

0

5

10

15

-10 30 70 110 150 190 230

PY

Y (

pg

/mL)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast significantly increases GLP-1

9

Glucose and Insulin

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

-10 30 60 90 150 240

Glu

cose

(m

mo

l/L)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Time (min)

-10 30 60 90 150 240

Insu

lin

(mU

/L)

Placebo

Polydextrose

Treatment: Breakfast

PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast increases blood glucose in the post-absorptive phase while

significantly lowers blood insulin (Poster Abstract PE4)

10

Gastric Emptying

40

60

80

100

-10 20 50 80 110 140 170 200 230

Ga

stri

c C

on

ten

t (%

)

Time (min)

Placebo

Polydextrose

Treatment: Breakfast

There were no differences in gastric emptying

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Conclusions

� This is the first study on appetite exclusively in females using polydextrose (PDX)

� The study assesses the effects of PDX given with breakfast or midmorning preload

� PDX (12.5 g) given with preload significantly reduces hunger during the satiation period

� PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast significantly increases GLP-1

� PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast increases blood glucose in the post-absorptive phase

while significantly lowers blood insulin (Poster Abstract PE4)

� We did not observe differences in gastric emptying rates

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