PEST-LEGUME PLANT INTERACTION

Jawwad Hassan MirzaPh.D. Scholar (ID# 435108485)Acarology LaboratoryDepartment of Plant ProtectionCollege of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud University, AlRiyadh, KSA

INTRODUCTION

• Leguminosae (Fabaceae)• Important crop of Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan

Africa• Meat of the poor• Fix atmospheric nitrogen• High quality livestock fodder• Control Soil erosion• Fresh leaves, pods and seeds consumed• High Economic Importance

LEGUME PRODUCTION PERCENTAGE

LEGUME PRODUCTION AROUND THE GLOBE

INTER-RELATION BETWEEN PLANT AND INSECTS

VEG. LEGUMES-INSECT PESTS-NATURAL ENEMIES INTERACTION

• Three-fold interaction• Veg. Legumes– Plant to Plant– Feeding deterrent– Anti-oviposition– Antibiosis/Antixenosis– Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)– Attracting Natural Enemies

• Insect Pests– Insect to Insect– Overcome plant defenses– Carry pathogen– Sequester plant chemicals

• Natural Enemies– Invited by Plants– Harmful to Plants– Harmful to pests– Affected by plant morphology/physiology

EXAMPLES

• Vicilins = feeding deterrent =seed weevil in cow pea (Macedo et

al., 1993) • VOCs = attract predators = lima bean Tetranychus urticae

(Arimura et al., 2000)

• VOCs in response to herbivory = induce resistance in undamaged neighboring Lima beans (Arimura et al., 2000)

• Soybean Resins = Virus susceptibility = Spodoptera exigua (Stubblebin & Langenheim, 1997)

• Parasitoid Adaptation = modify ovipositor = Bruchid beetles (Bridwell, 1920)

• Hydrogen Peroxide = Antibiosis = Soybean and corn ear worm (Bi and Felton, 1995)

• Presence/Absence/Shape of Trichomes = Soybean and Lepidopteran pests (Hulburt et al., 2004)

• Host Recognition = released volatiles = Parasitoid and pea aphid (bean aphid) (Powell et al., 1998)

ANTIXENOSIS AND ANTIBIOSIS

• Imported Fire Ants = harm soybean = benefit aphids (Diaz et al., 2004)

• Extra Floral Glands = Predator invite = Castor bean

• Plant from same family = facilitate increased pest damage (Girma et al., 2000)

• Feeding by Caterpillers = Lima bean induce repellent chemicals (Bartram et al., 2006)

• Trypsin Inhibitors = midgut protein inhibit = Soybean and Angoumois grain moth (Shukle and Wu, 2003)

• Insect Escape Mechanism = Degrade Trypsin Inhibitors = Helicoverpa colonize

• Pigeon Pea – Lac insect = Mutualism

• Increased Trichome = deterrent to Nat. Enemies = Pigeon pea

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