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This presentation is about capsicum cultivation in Sri Lanka. Recommended varieties, Environmental Requirements, Nursery Management, Field Establishment, Crop Management, Pest & Disease Management, Harvest & Harvesting, Post Harvest Technology & Uses are included.
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CAPSICUM(Capsicum annuum L.)
INTRODUCTIONBelongs to family – SolanaceaeOriginate from South and Central AmericaPopular countries- China, Turkey, Nigeria,
Mexico, Spain, U.S.A.Fruits can widely vary in color, shape, and
size both between and within speciesTherefore classification is difficult
Mainly consists of 5 domesticated species and 26 wild species
5 domesticated species ; C. annuumC. baccatumC. chineseC. frutescensC. pubescens
C. baccatum
C. chinese
C. frutescens
C. pubescens
Capsicum annuum
The species includes a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers ranging from bell pepper to chili pepper
Some varieties;bell pepperCascabelAnaheimAlma paprikaBird’s eyeItalian sweet
pepper
CherryFresnoHungarian waxPablanoPiquinPepperoncicni
Plant Characteristics- HYW & C.A-8
Herbaceous perennialSpecies: annuum longum group Leaves: ovate, smooth, medium green in
color, alternate arrangement White colour self pollinated flower
Recommended varieties in Srilanka
Hungarian Yellow Wax (HYW)C.A. - 8
Hungarian Yellow Wax (HYW)• Yellowish green in colour• Smooth and shiny surface• Conical shape fruits• Thin walled & thick flesh• Fruit length : 15-20cm• Pungency varies from warm to moderately
hot• Recommended for up country• Not suitable for low and intermediate zones
due to high susceptibility to bacterial wilt
C.A. - 8
• Commonly referred as “banana pepper”• Light green in colour• Red or orange after ripening• Uneven surface with shiny appearance• Curved tip• Fruit length : 15-20cm• Mild, tangy taste• Recommended for both up & low country
Environmental RequirementsClimatic Requirements
can cultivate throughout the year upto an elevation of 1500m
supplementary irrigation is required during the yala season.
Soil well-drained, loamy soils optimum pH range - 5.5 - 6.8water logging conditions leads to retarded growth
Nursery Management• Select an area; without shade and well
drained soil • Prepare nursery beds, 300x90x15cm in
size• Apply compost 3-4kg into 1m² of the bed
and mix well• Solarization should be done by burning
paddy husk and bran on the bed
• Then cover up the bed with a transparent polythene sheet for 2 weeks
• Fungicides (Captan/Thiram) can also be added
• Seeds saw in rows in 1cm depth, leaving 10-15cm space between each for easy management practices
• Cover the seeds slightly with soil• Apply mulch material to cover up the bed• Mulches should remove after 5-6 days
• Seeds take 8-10 days to propagate• Shade should be provided to protect
immature plants from heavy rainfall and sunlight
• Plants should harden before establishing in the field by increasing the irrigation interval about 10 days
• Keep the plants about 1 months in the nursery
Field Establishment
Land preparation Plough up to 10-15cm& harrow the land Make beds with 1m wide and convenient
length
Planting seasonAny seasonYala : April - MayMaha : November - December
Spacing H.Y.W - 15cm X 30cm C.A 8 - 40cm X 40cm
Transplanting After 21 days of germination
Crop Management
Irrigation Early stage - 4-5 days interval Middle stage - once a week
Irrigation requirement depends on the rain fall intensity
Irrigation before and after fertilizer application is essential
Water stress leads to the falling off of flowers and pods, therefore moisture conservation of soil is essential
Fertilizer Application
TIME UREAKg/ha
MOPKg/ha
TSPKg/ha
Basal Dressing 100 215 65
After 4 weeks 100 - 65
After 8 weeks 100 - 65
WeedingManual weeding after 2,4 & 8 weeks of
transplantingEarthning up while weeding ensure the
proper establishment in the fieldChemical weeding;
After 2 days of transplanting, apply “Alachlor” 45%, 1.4-2.4kg/ha
Pest & Disease Management
Pests: ThripMitesAphidsWhite flyPod borer
Diseases:
•Collar rot• Seedling rot•Anthracnose•Bacterial wilt•Leaf spot•Narrow leaf disorder•Leaf curl
HarvestHarvest before maturity when it’s still yellow
green in colourCan obtain yield after 75 days of planting
Hungarian Yellow Wax : 3-4 times harvesting ; 10-15 mt/ha
C.A 8 :In wet zone; 8-10 times of harvesting
6-8 mt/haIn dry zone; 8-12 times of harvesting
10-15 mt/ha
HarvestingOn a sunny dayAvoid harvesting on rainy days or fruits
with water on it’s surface
Post Harvest Technology•Transport soon after harvesting, packed in
plastic boxes or porous covering•Aeration should be provided•Can store In refrigerators
UsesSaladsBaked dishesStuffed dishesStewsSalsaDecorating agent in pizzaPicklesFor stuffingFlavouring agent
Thank You!