Brazil  in  African  agriculture  

Lídia  Cabral  China  and  Brazil  in  African  Agriculture  

h3p://www.future-­‐agricultures.org/research/cbaa  

1.  The  rise  of  Brazil  in  interna;onal  development  

2.  Significance  of  agricultural  agenda  in  Brazil’s  interna;onal  affairs  

Source:  The  Economist,  Aug.  26th  2010  ediCon  Source:  FT,  Nov.  1st  2010  ediCon  

•  Trade:  growing  concentraCon  around  primary  goods  with  a  number  of  agricultural  commodiCes  topping  world  ranks  (and  accounCng  for  40%  of  exports  in  2013)  

Agriculture  24%  

Health  16%  

EducaCon  11%  Environment  

7%  

Public  safety  7%  

Public  administraCon  

5%  

Energy  5%  

Social  development    

3%  

Cience  and  technology  

2%  

Urban  development    

1%   Industry  1%  

Culture  1%   Sport  

1%  

Other  16%  

Brazilian  coopera;on    By  sector  (2003-­‐12)  

Source:  Brazilian  CooperaCon  Agency,  2013  

•  Coopera;on:  leading  area  of  technical  cooperaCon  

•  Geopoli;cs:  agriculture  as  key  area  for  asserCng  leadership  in  internaConal  system    

2.  Significance  of  agricultural  agenda  in  Brazil’s  interna;onal  affairs  

3.  Brazil’s  agricultural  ‘successes’:    the  agribusiness-­‐family  farming  dualism  

•  Ministry of

Agriculture,

Livestock and

Supplies (MAPA)

and Embrapa

•  Ministry of

Agrarian

Development

(MDA)

4.  Brazil’s  agriculture  in  Africa:  solidarity  and  business  

•  Embrapa  office  opened  in  Accra  in  2006:  ‘To  have  Embrapa  in  the  city  of  Accra,  in  Ghana,  is  the  beginning  of  a  peaceful  revoluCon  that  will  have  as  result  the  germinaCon  of  grain,  food,  products  that  can  do  in  the  African  savannah  the  same  revoluCon  that  Embrapa  carried  out  in  the  Brazilian  Cerrado’  (Lula  da  Silva  in  2008)  

•  Brazil-­‐Africa  Dialogue  on  Food  Security,  Hunger  Allevia;on  and  Rural  Development  in  Brasília  in  2010:  promoted  Brazil’s  contribuCon  to  Africa’s  agriculture  through  menu  of  cooperaCon  opCons  comprising  Embrapa’s  research  and  public  policies  targeCng  family  farming,  incl  those  led  by  MDA  

•  Brazil-­‐Africa  Agricultural  Innova;on  Marketplace  launched  in  2010:  as  pla_orm  for  agricultural  innovaCon,  funding  collaboraCve  research  on  agriculture  between  Embrapa  and  African  research  insCtuCons.  Supported  by  Bill  and  Melinda  Gates,  DFID,  FARA,  World  Bank,  among  others  

4.  Brazil’s  agriculture  in  Africa:  solidarity  and  business  the  ‘Brazilian  way’  

55

13°

17°

Brazil Mozambique

140m

ilhõe

s0de

0hectares000

  Similar0biomass.0  Similar0challenges.0

  Vast0business0opportuni=es.0

  Sharing0of0experiences.0

  Future0vision0of0comparable0market0

PRODE

CER'' PRO

SAVANA((

ProSavana:0Trilateral0Coopera=on0

FOOD PRICES AND FOOD PRICE VOLATILITY

Chart 55: Historical volatility of world reference food prices also reached new heights in 2010

International food price volatility (1990-2010)

%

6

8

10

12

14

16

1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: FAO, Statistics Division

Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164

Chart 56: Of all the prices of major food commodities, global sugar quotations have been most volatile

International food price volatility by food group (1990-2010)

%

10

20

30

40

1995 2000 2005 2010

Meat Dairy Cereals Oils Sugar

Source: FAO, Statistics Division

Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164

107

Investments:000Agro0Industrial:0Soybean,-Corn,-Rice,-Co3on,-Bean,-Sun-Flower,-Coffee;-Fruits-etc.;---Protein:0Ca3le,-Chicken,-Pork,-etc.;-Infrastructure:-For-supporBng-the-Project,-e.g.:--Port-terminal-for-grains.-

Interna=onal0vola=lity0in0food0prices

Target market: 1° Mozambique 2° Africa 3° Asia (53% of world population)

  Produce   Consume   Export

55

13°

17°

Brazil Mozambique

140m

ilhõe

s0de

0hectares000

  Similar0biomass.0  Similar0challenges.0

  Vast0business0opportuni=es.0

  Sharing0of0experiences.0

  Future0vision0of0comparable0market0

PRODE

CER'' PRO

SAVANA((

ProSavana:0Trilateral0Coopera=on0

FOOD PRICES AND FOOD PRICE VOLATILITY

Chart 55: Historical volatility of world reference food prices also reached new heights in 2010

International food price volatility (1990-2010)

%

6

8

10

12

14

16

1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: FAO, Statistics Division

Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164

Chart 56: Of all the prices of major food commodities, global sugar quotations have been most volatile

International food price volatility by food group (1990-2010)

%

10

20

30

40

1995 2000 2005 2010

Meat Dairy Cereals Oils Sugar

Source: FAO, Statistics Division

Metalink: P2.HUN.FAO.FPV.FPV, p. 164

107

Investments:000Agro0Industrial:0Soybean,-Corn,-Rice,-Co3on,-Bean,-Sun-Flower,-Coffee;-Fruits-etc.;---Protein:0Ca3le,-Chicken,-Pork,-etc.;-Infrastructure:-For-supporBng-the-Project,-e.g.:--Port-terminal-for-grains.-

Interna=onal0vola=lity0in0food0prices

Target market: 1° Mozambique 2° Africa 3° Asia (53% of world population)

  Produce   Consume   Export

Source:  FGV-­‐Projetos,  2012  

•  But are Brazilian

engagements in

African agriculture

simply part of a grand

coherent strategy that

uses cooperation to

forge business deals?

5.  Priests,  technicians  and  traders  in  Moz:    the  poli;cs  of  discursive  alliances  &  antagonism  

Alliance  of  technicians  (Embrapa)  and  traders  (business  people,  diplomats,  brokers)  around:  

narraCve  of  ‘cerrado  miracle’;  cerrado  similariCes  with  African  savannah;  and  fit  of  Brazilian  experCse  and  entrepreneurship  

Visibly  opposed  by  civil  society  orgs  &  social  movements  (priests)  contesCng  corporate-­‐driven  modernizaCon  of  agriculture  &  calling  for  family  farming  alternaCve,  preserving  land  rights,  environment  &  domesCc  food  needs  

Discursive  adjustments  in  ProSavana  with  family  farming  narraCve  revamped  and  links  with  private  investment  becoming  concealed  

Alliance  of  priests  and  traders  around  family  farming  and  ‘tropical  technology’  narraCves  –  

Brazilian  tractors  and  equipment  to  strengthen  family  farming  category  and  to  

diversify  Brazilian  exports  

Sales  component  discreetly  criCcised  for  supporCng  modernisaCon,  compromising  future  of  family  farming  but  opposi;on  

remains  concealed  

Sales  component  dominant,  discursive  adjustments  noCceable  in  Mozambique  

(where  ProSavana  controversy  located)  with  apparent  declutching  of  technical  cooperaCon  to  restore  family  farming  poliCcal  agenda    

6.  Selec;on  of  issues  raised  by  research  •  Hypothesis  of  Brazil’s  coherent  state-­‐business  strategy  

simplisCc  –  pracCce  a  muddle  of  agendas  and  world  views,  which  priests,  technicians  and  traders  are  a  metaphor  of  

•  Brazilian  model?  Suitability  of  Brazil’s  tropical  technology  stems  beyond  edaphoclimaCc  consideraCons  –  transfer  as  ‘knowledge  ba3lefield’  where  local  context  ma3ers  

•  ExporCng  Brazil’s  agrarian  ba3les  into  other  contexts  (e.g.  dualism)  also  needs  quesConing  

•  Key  for  understanding  the  metaphor  lies  in  Brazil’s  domesCc  sphere,  which  intertwines  with  diplomacy  and  the  internaConalisaCon  drive  of  Brazilian  agriculture  

Plus  many  forthcoming  @  h3p://www.future-­‐agricultures.org/research/cbaa      

Thank  you!