1. Cultivation Techniques of Documented , Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants in Pakistan A Presentation By Mr.Allah Dad Khan
[email protected]
2. Bifurcation of Presentation 1. Awareness about MAP,s 2.
Capacity Building and Training 3. Cultivation of Map,s a Technique
4. Package of Technology for MAP,s 5. Winter Season MAP,s
Cultivation 6. Summer Season MAP,s Cultivation 7. Shrubs and trees
cultivation 8. Some Glimpses of MAP,s 9. Question Answer
Session
3. Awareness About Medicinal Plants
4. Medicinal herb in Pakistan 1) In Pakistan almost 2000
medicinal plants exists.However few are exploited and 90 % of the
country medicinal herb requirement is imported . 2) About 50%
populate in Pakistan cure using traditional medicines 3) There are
more than 40000 traditional herb practitioners. 4) Agriculture
Research and development have been focused mainly on major crops
and to some extent on minor crops . 5) The medicinal herbs and
spices have been ignored altogether as a result this sector is
facing problems such as
5. Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa
Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and Sindh Plant names Parts used
Approximate Annual Yield (tons) Aconitum chasmanthum (Atees) Roots
5 Aconitum heterophyllum (Atees) Roots 1 Acontium sp. (Atees)
Leaves 7 Adianthum capillus Whole plant 120 Angelica glauca Roots 7
Artemisia vulgaris Leaves/ shoots 148 Atropa acuminate (angoori
shafa) Roots 74 Berberis lyceum(Dar choob) Roots 300 Dioscorea
deltoidea Rhizome 148 Dioscorea deltoidea (Kartha) Twigs 233 .
6. Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa
Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and Sindh Plant names Parts used
Approximate Annual Yield (tons) Geranium wallichianum (Lejahari)
Roots 18 Myrtus communs Fruits 45 Paeonia emodi( Mamekh) Rhizome 99
Podophyllum emodi (Ban kakri) Rhizome 55 Polygonum
amplexicauler(bandok) Roots 27 Rheum emodi ( Rewand chini) Roots
259 Saxifraga ciliate ( Roots 37 Thymus serphyllum ( Ban Ajwain)
Leaves 7 Valeriana wallichii ( Muski Bala) Rhizome 148 Zizyphus
vulgaris (Unab) Fruits 30 .
7. Issues Faced by Communities in Production of Medicinal
Plants in In Pakistan 1) Depletion of existing stock and presently
most of the MA plants are found scattered in the distant areas. 2)
Threat to genetic erosion due to indiscriminate exploitation by the
collectors . 3) Quality deterioration by stake holders 4) Few
species are reported endanger to the extinct. 5) Development of the
technology of propagation and regeneration of MA plants in their
natural habitat. 6) Conservation of MA Plants
8. Opportunities for Cultivation of of medicinal plants I. Low
cost: herbals are relatively inexpensive and the cost of
pharmaceuticals is rising II. Drug resistance: the need for
alternative treatments for drug-resistant pathogens III.
Limitations of medicine: the existence of ailments without an
effective pharmaceutical treatment IV. Medicinal value: laboratory
and clinical corroboration of safety and efficacy for a growing
number of medicinal plants V. Cultural exchange: expanding contact
and growing respect for foreign cultures, including alternative
systems of medicine VI. Commercial value: growing appreciation of
trade and other commercial economic opportunities represented by
medicinal plants
9. Economics of cultivation of MAP 1. Most of the world's
supply of medicinal herbs is obtained by wild collection (often
called "wildcrafting"), not by cultivation. 2. There are still many
minor medicinal plant species in Country that are abundant in
nature and can be collected in a sustainable fashion. 3. However,
because of shrinking wild resources and a strengthening sentiment
that biodiversity should be preserved, cultivation is becoming
increasingly important.
10. Economic opportunities and cultivation of MAP 4.
Cultivation offers the possibility of not only preserving
economically important wild plants in their natural habitats, but
also of providing farmers with new crops. 5. Domestic and foreign
markets for medicinal plants are growing rapidly.
11. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants A Technique
12. Capacity Building Training and Visit
13. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants A Technique
14. MEDICINAL PLANTS CULTIVATION a. A variety of medicinal
plants grow in the temperate hilly region of Pakistan. These plants
gained importance in the allopathic system of medicine . b. Plants
such as Digitalis purpurea,Atropa belladonna, Colchicum sp.
(Suranjan talkh), and many others were used in British and American
pharmacopoeias c. This has resulted in the depletion of the
existing stock and presently most of the plants are found scattered
in the distant areas.
15. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS contd d. Some other species
are also endangered through indiscriminate exploitation by the
collectors. For quite a few of these valuable plants, either the
quality has deteriorated or they have become extinct. e.
Development of the technology of propagation and regeneration of
medicinal plants in their natural habitat is essential for the
conservation of this natural resource. f. Studies carried out by
the Medicinal Plants Branch have revealed that temperate medicinal
plants acquire perennial habits and therefore take more time to
reach the stage of commercial exploitation.
16. Advantages of cultivation of medicinal crops has many
advantages. These include: As compared to the traditional crops, 1.
Medicinal crops provide better returns than traditional crops. 2.
Have very high domestic and export demand. 3. Fetch better prices
in the market. 4. Could be stored for a long time, and sold at a
time when better prices prevail in the market; 5. Some Plants are
largely drought tolerant, and not easily grazed by animals. 6. Have
low incidence of pest attacks and diseases. 7. Require minimum
resources, therefore the cost of cultivation is lower compared to
the traditional crops. 8. Could be raised as inter-crops, along
with traditional crops, and also on degraded lands.
17. WORLD IN 21st CENTURY 1. 100% increase in Worlds population
(12 billion by the year 2035). 2. 50% reduction in forests cover.
3. Life expectancy close to 100 years in most parts of the world.
4. World resources of fossil fuel will be totally consumed.
Medicinal Plant products are used through out world as i.
Foodstuffs ii. Flavoring agents and spices iii. Perfumes and
cosmetics iv. Pharmaceutical and biological agents v. Recreational
substances
18. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS contd In country
cultivation of medicinal plants is very intermittent.Definately the
medicinal plants are not alternative in major crops. These must be
included as minor crops. Cultivation in Rainfed area Plants as
xerophyte are growing there potential must be exploited through
awareness and training.
19. Cultivation as intercropping in various cropping system
Various medicinal plants , keeping in view their growth habit can
be inter cropped in orchids, forest and with major crops .
Cultivation of trees The deciduous natural medicinal plants require
more than 10 to 15 years for harvesting and economic return. These
plants may be planted on separate lands, on slope hill sides ,Banks
of canal and water resources. Weeds as Medicinal Plants There is a
need develop agro technologies to keep theses weeds as a secondary
crop. The farmers can earn an additional income for collecting and
selling different parts of weeds.
20. Package of Technology for Cultivation of MAPs
21. Package of technology for medicinal herb plants 1 Climate
As per ecological zone 2 Organic Fertilizers Farm Yard manure,
compost /biopost 3 Soil Land Preparation Loamy Soil preferred
Through one to two Ploughing Followed by planking 4 Seed Choosing
Seeds and seedlings Next in line comes choosing the seeds. The best
option would be to choose disease resistant varieties
22. Package of technology for medicinal herb plants Contd 5
Seed availability Method of seeding/sowing Through reliable source
Planting Seeds One by One The Scatter Method/ broadcast
Transplanting Seedlings/ nursery 6 Irrigation Through Taps , Bucket
irrigation, Drip Irrigation which ever is feasible 7 Insect Pests
and Diseases To be controlled through expert advice 8 Harvesting
Proper maturity level or as directed
23. Package of technology for medicinal plants contd 9
Collection of seed /leaves/roots/stem Collection as directed by
expert And farmers own experience 10 Cleaning/Drying Dry in
Sunlight / shade as recommended By researchers 11 Grading As per
demand of the market 12 Packing /Packaging As Per quality and
ingredients
24. Package of technology for medicinal plants contd 13 Store
Cool Dry Places 14 Transport to market Immediately or on the time
The dealers desired for it 15 Marketing
Local/Provincial/National/International Seek advice from experts
about quantity, do not compromise on quality, as quality
speaks.
25. Winter Season MAP Cultivation
26. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season) contd #
Name Time of sowing Distan ce from Line to Line Cm Flowering Time
Time of Harvestin g Yield per Hectare in Kgs 1 Ajwain ( Khurasani)
Sept-Oct 36 March May -June 500-550 2 Ajwain desi Sept-Oct 36 March
April- May 350-400 3 Alsi Oct-Nov 30 Feb April-May 700-800 4
Kalwonji Sep-Oct 30 March April-May 550-644
27. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season) # Name Time
of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowerin g Time Time of
Harvesting Yield per Hectare in Kgs 5 Tukhume balango Sept-Oct 30
Feb April 450-600 6 Malathi Sept-Oct 100 ----- After three to 4
years 4000-5000 7 Kuth Oct-Nov (roots) Pots --- After 3 Years
28. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd # Name
Time of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowering Time Time of
Harvesti ng Yield per Hectare in Kgs 8 Zeera Sufaid Dec-Jan
Broadcast --- Feb 350-375 9 Zeera Kala Sept- Oct 35 Nov Dec 375-400
10 Coriander Aug- Sept Broadcast ---- Oct-Nov 6000- 7000 fresh
29. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd # Name
Time of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowering Time Time of
Harves ting Yield per Hectare in Kgs 11 Methi July-Aug Broadcast
Sept- Nov 6000- 12 Mehindi June -sept 45 --- March - June 1500-
3000 13 Aspaghool Sept- Oct 15-20 Feb March - April 450-500
30. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd # Name
Time of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowerin g Time Time
of Harvesting Yield per Hectare in Kgs 15 Rai Oct-Nov 36 Feb
March-April 300-350 16 Soyia Oct-Nov 36 Feb March -April 400-500 17
Kali Zeeri Aug-Sept 50 Nov Dec-Jan 200-250
31. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd # Name
Time of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowerin g Time Time
of Harvesting Yield per Hectare in Kgs 18 Kao Oct-Nov 36 --
Feb-March 400-450 19 Meethra Sept-Oct 36 --- March-April 400-500 20
Haloon Oct-Nov 36 -- March-April 300-400
32. Summer Season MAP,s Cultivation
33. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season # Name Time
of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowe ring Time Time of
Harvesting Yield per Hectare in Kgs 1 Adrak March-April 45 ---
Dec-Jan 20000- 25000Fresh 2 Gekhwar (Aloe vera ) March Pots ---
After 4 Years 15000 Fresh 3 Choongan(seed) July Pots --- ---- 4
Haldi March-April 45 --- Dec-Jan 20000 to 25000 Fresh
34. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd # Name
Time of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowe ring Time Time
of Harvesting Yield per Hectare in Kgs 5 Pudina Feb-March 30 ---
15-20cm Stage 200-250 6 Saunf March -April 45 --- June-July 1695 7
KilKil Feb-March 50 --- Oct-Nov 160-200
35. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd # Name
Time of sowing Distanc e from Line to Line Cm Floweri ng Time Time
of Harvest ing Yield per Hectare in Kgs 8 Babchi March- April 40-50
-- July - Dec 1000-1200 9 Lemon Grass Feb- March 50 Nov- Dec June -
Aug 25000-30000 10 Koortuma March- April 50 --- June - July
8000-1000
36. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd # Name
Time of sowing Distance from Line to Line Cm Flowerin g Time Time
of Harvesti ng Yield per Hectare in Kgs 11 Kulfa March- June 25 ---
April-Aug 1000 kg saag 12 Till July 45 Oct-Nov 13 Castor July-Aug 3
meter ---- Nov 800
37. Cultivation of Shrubs and Trees
38. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees Akhroot Alubukhara
Apple Apricot Anjeer Amrood Annarr Aamm Amla Ashokk Amaltas Angoor
Avacado Ananas Bakian Badam Ber Bhai Bankhoor Baikar
39. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees contd Chakotra
Cheeko Chalghoza Coconut Falsa Fig Gul e mohar Gardinia Gule
Nishtar Gilgil Harida
40. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees contd Jaman Jatropa
Kikar Kiliari Kachnar Khajoor Kajoo Kela Lasura Mahrukh Mitha Malta
Moringa Nimbo Narial Neem Nashpati
