WASTE MINIMISATION – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPERATIVES

by

Vishal Duggal Alliance Engineers

7812/5, Passi Road, PATIALA (Punjab). Ph.: 98766 05933, 98 140 059 33

email: visduggal@gmail.com; mailto@allianceers.com

for

National Productivity Council

Chandigarh

CICU Ludhiana

Resource Depletion

Natural resources – Renewable and Non-renewable Resource depletion – exhaustion of resources/

materials from a region Use of resources beyond their rate of replacement Using resources in an unmanaged and unplanned

manner – causes pollution

Sustainable Development “Development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

Bruntland Report, 1987

Waste Minimisation – WHAT?

The policy and processes to have waste minimization means to reduce the production

of waste at society and individual level

Harvesting of resources Processing and production operations Distribution Consumption Reject handling and disposal

Waste Minimisation applies to all resources

Natural or man-made Material or energy

Processes/Operations

INPUTS OUTPUTS REJECTS

Materials

Water

Energy

Products – material

Bye-products – material

Energy

Losses

Pollutants – solid, liquid, gaseous, noise, odours

Waste energy

Resource Efficiency - Business Case

Hierarchy – Waste Minimisation

Reuse (on-site)

Was

te D

iver

sion

Reduce (source consumption)

Refuse (avoidance)

Recycle (off-site)

Recovery (resource & energy)

Treatment & disposal

R E I M A G I N E

Source Reduction Opportunities

Source reduction

Housekeeping improvement

Product reformulation

Input material

alteration

Technology alteration

Good operating practices

Waste Minimisation - Incentives

Reduced costs Raw materials, energy, water Storage and handling Waste handling and disposal Health and safety

Resource conservation Improved regulatory compliance Improved efficiency and productivity Improved social responsibility performance

Waste Minimisation - Barriers

Economic barriers Technological barriers Regulatory barriers

Conventional approach; Waste collection Treatment for compliance (and to make the waste

compatible for disposal) Dispose Alternative thoughts; Cheapest available solution just avoiding prosecution Best available solution not entailing excessive cost

Waste Management

Spend resources or face penalty

Waste Management…

Plant Management Waste Management Material handling Management incentives Waste/environmental

audits Material tracking & inventory control

Employee training Waste stream segregation

Spill prevention

Closer supervision Waste handling and storage procedures

Material handling & storage procedures

Production scheduling Preventive maintenance Additional documentation

Water Management (Textile Wet Procesing)

CLICK HERE for Water Management Scheme in Textile Dyeing Industry

Use of high strength caustic (>20%) Results in process effluent having high alkalinity (~8-10%

caustic), TDS and COD Impractical to treat and dispose using conventional EOP

approach

Alternative thoughts; Use of liquid ammonia Reuse of Diluted alkali scouring, bleaching, or dyeing Recovery of alkali (recycle/reuse)

• Volume reduction (process modification) • Neutralisation – use of flue gases (combustion

emissions from boiler) • Caustic recovery – causticizing

Wastewater Management (Denim Mercerizing)

Bone gelatine manufacturing – an effluent stream rich in calcium and chloride (~2-3%) from use of HCl for bone leaching

Impractical to treat and dispose using conventional EOP approach

Alternative thoughts; Treatment to replace Ca2+ with H+

• Multi-stage pressure filteration (to remove TSS) • Sulphuric acid treatment • Barium chloride treatment

Gypsum of >90% purity recoverable High purity BaSO4 available as bye-product Use of recovered wastewater for bone leaching process

Wastewater Management (Crushed Bone Acid Leaching Process)

Any Questions …..???