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Liquid biofuels can help to reduce CO2 and other emissions and to create new business from forests
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Biopolttoaineet –mahdollisuuksia liikenteenpäästöjen vähentämiseenStartup Weekend Helsinki 10.5.2014:Uutta liiketoimintaa Suomen metsistäAntti ArastoVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
210/06/2014 2
Contents
Why liquid biofuels?
Background on business environment
Technology options for production of liquid biofuels
Bottlenecks and other options
Conclusions
310/06/2014 3
Why do we consider liquid biofuels?
Climate effect
Security of supply
Domestic raw material
Superior quality
4
Background on businessenvironment
510/06/2014 5
World energy use in transportationWorld Economic Forum 2011
Energy end use in world 8900 Mtoe (IEA 2013)Share of trafic 25%73 % of use in traffic by rubber wheel fleet
610/06/2014 6
Energy end use – FinlandTilastokeskus & Öljyalan keskusliitto 2013
Energy end use1341 PJ= 32 MtoeTransportation 16 %= 5,1 Mtoe
Gasoline 1,54 MtDiesel 2,43 MtTotal 3,97 Mt
710/06/2014 7
Biofuel obligation in FinlandCame into force in January 2008 and was revised in 2010
Energy share of biofuels [%] inroad transport fuels
2,0
4,0 4,0
6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
15,0
18,0
20,0
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Jukka Saarinen/TEM
810/06/2014 8
Ministry of Transport and Communications:”Tulevaisuuden käyttövoimat liikenteessä”Työryhmän loppuraportti 8.5.2013
Target is near independency from oil for passanger vehicles, trainsand boatsShare of gaseous and liquid biofuels in heavy transportation 70% by2050Share of electricity in bus and delivery transportation in the samerange
=>All passanger vehicles suitable for alternative fuels by 2030Allmoas double the energy efficiency in comparison to 201340% of aviation fuels replaced by biofuelsCO2 emission reduction in maritime transportation supported by 40-50%
9
Technology options forproduction of liquidbiofuels
10
Biomass conversion processes
IPCC
1110/06/2014 11
Replacement of fossil diesel fuel as an example– LCA WellToWheel GHG reduction for HeavyDuty Vehicles
1210/06/2014 12
Creating new business from liquid biofuels
Neste Oil pörssitiedote4.2.2014 www.upm.com www.st1.fi
13
Examples of Finnish bioenergy developmentLiquid biofuels R&D&D
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Fermentation
1410/06/2014 14
Examples of current near commercialtechnology development
UPM’s HVO plant under construction in LappeenrantaMain raw material crude tall oilCapacity 100 000 t
Neste Oil’s pilot plant for producing microbial oil
Three industrial consortia have been developinggasification-based BTL processes
Two consortia approved to get NER 300investment aid of the EUInvestment decisions pending
Fortum’s pyrolysis plant under commissioning inJoensuu, Eastern Finland
Capacity 50 000 tProduced bio oil will be used to replace heavyfuel oil in boilers
Neste Oil
15
Bottlenecks and otheroptions
1610/06/2014 16
As annual growth of forests is currently larger than cuttings, thereis a lot of wood in Finland for different applications- still it needs to be considered as a constrained resource
1 m3 solid 2.5 m3 loose
2 000 kWh
1710/06/2014 17
Introducing a new energy option totransportation
Do we need new production capacity?
What does the energy cost and can it be of domestic origin?
Do we need new delivery infrastructure?
Do we need to renew the vehicle fleet?
What are the total costs in comparison to benefits?
1810/06/2014 18
Example: Liquid biofuels and electric vehicles -pros and cons in Finland
Liquid biofuelsDrop in fuels require no changes in distribution orvehicle fleetFinland is one of the top developers of technologyand could produce significant amounts ofsustainable liquidSeveral domestic companies already activePossibilities in technology and product exports
Pexpencivev production facilities when utilisingsolid biomassInsecurity in relation to large investments
Electric vehicles
Versatile and low carbon electricity productionGood electricity gridCharging operator Liikennevirta Oy
FEV not the best opotion for cold climates and forlong distancesRequires investments to infrastructure and vehiclefleetNo car industry in Finland to benefit from electricvehicle technology development
Conclusions
2010/06/2014 20
Conclusions
Liquid biofuels can help to reduce CO2 and other emissionsand to create new business from forests
It is clear that no single energy or technology alternative can cover all forms oftransportation or even all needs within a single transportation sectorEnergy efficiency is of very high importance both on single vehicle andtransportation system levelLiquid biofuels, renewable electricity and possibly also hydrogen will introducerenewable energy especially in transportation sectorQuick electrification and 2G drop-in biofuels are options for transportationFinnish player in first line of development; high demand for wood based dieselConstructive solutions needed for sustainability discussions of bioenergyLong term policies to enable fast track for technology development andinvestmentsForest energy provides large possibilities for growth in biorefineries
TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESSAntti ArastoBusiness Development [email protected]