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Sustainability of Kerala Tea Industry in the fast changing geo-political scenario
of the worldPresentation by
Rakesh KumarAsstt. Director of Tea
Development2014
TEA BOARD INDIAMinistry of Commerce & Industry, Department of Commerce
14, B.T.M Sarani, Kolkata – 700 001www.teaboard.gov.in
304.04104.4412.29
106.85
Area under Tea (in Th. Ha.)India
Assam
West Bengal
Other North Indian States
South India
629.05312.1
23.92
243.71
Tea Production 2013-14 (in Million Kgs)
Assam
West Bengal
Other North Indian States
South India
24244.87549.11
529.76802.38817.49
6732.29
Area under Tea (in Ha.)Kerala
IdukkiKollamTrissurTrivandrumPalakadWayanad
21%
7%
19%
53%
Major Tea Growing Zones in Idukki District
Vandiperiyar
Peermade
Elappara
High range or Munnar
Tea Statistics
46%
22%
15%
9%8%
Major cost component in Tea
CultivationProcessingSocialOverheadGeneral
2010 2011 2012 20130
20
40
60
80
100
120
140119.51 117.19
135.59 139.95
67.69 70.17
87.3998.75
North India
South India
Auction Prices during 2010-13(in Rs/Kg)
PROFILE OF KERALA TEA INDUSTRY
PLANTATION DISTRICT
TOTAL NO.OF BIG TEA GARDENS(AREA IN HA)
TOTAL NO.OF SMALL TEA
GROWERS/AREA IN HA.
TOTAL NO. OF ESTATE
MANUFACTURING UNIT
TOTAL NO. OF BOUGHT LEAF MANUFACTURI
NG UNIT
IDUKKI 56(21947.57 Ha)
3679(2297.35Ha)
42 07
KOLLAM 02(548.71 Ha)
01(0.40 Ha.)
01 00
TRISSUR 01(529.76 Ha)
00 01 00
KOTTAYAM 0(0.00 Ha.)
50(79.74 Ha.)
00 00
TRIVANDRUM 04(802.38 Ha)
00 01 00
PALAKAD 04(817.49 Ha)
00 04 00
CALICUT (KOZHIKODE) 00 06(27.02 Ha.)
00 00
WAYANAD 25(5367.62 Ha.)
2009(1364.67 Ha.)
11 03
TOTAL 92( 30013.53 Ha)
5745(3769.18)
60 10
Source: TMS
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
CONSERVATION OF THE BIO DIVERSITY BY SUSTAINABLE METHOD OF CULTIVATION
QUALITY & SAFETYADHERENCE TO THE SAFETY STANDARDS FOR PRODUCTION OF
TEA
ECONOMICS : RISING COST OF PRODUCTION
SOCIAL ISSUES:LABOUR INTENSIVE
Sustainability in Tea: Back to Nature
CHALLENGES BEFORE THE TEA INDUSTRY: ALL INDIA
Labour Intensive Industry
Global Scenario: Losing position due to high cost and poor to average quality
Competition with other beverages like soft drinks, Horlicks, bournvita, coffee etc.,
Linking production to market
Emergence of new grower country like Vietnam, Indonesia & Kenya
High Percentage of ageing bushes leading to low productivity and low rate of uprooting & replanting
High Production Cost: almost 80% of the cost alone is on fixed expenses like fuel, power & Labour
Ignorance of consumer about market structure
Improper Marketing of Tea : The current auction system mainly controlled by the “brokers” and proper price realization is doubtfulTea is ready to drink item, the downstream stages such as blending, packaging and ultimate marketing are the most profitable one and in Tea all such profit margins are collected by the handful of stakeholderTea producer are ignorant of the market demand which has a direct impact on the long term sustainability of tea IndustryBirth of small tea growers & BLFs who is now contributing almost 32% of the total tea production are mainly scattered, un-organized and devoid of technical know-how , lack of extension services, poor farm practice & logistic ,affecting the quality of teaEnvironment Loss- Significant bio-diversity loss, High Energy Consumption, application of pesticides & fertilizers affecting the large no. of different species, leading to pollution to water etc.,
CHALLENGES BEFORE THE KERALA TEA INDUSTRY
More than 75% of the total tea cultivation is confined to only one district – Idukki
Loss of Biodiversity :50% of the area under Idukki District falls under reserved forest. Conversion of Forest land into plantation results a threat to the Bio-diversity
Change in climate due to ecological deterioration
Degrading ecology exacerbated with large scale Eucalyptus plantation to meet the high thermal energy requirement in processing unit and loss of Biomass too
Large numbers of concentration of small tea growers in Idukki District scattered mainly in the four tea growing zones who lacks the basics of technical know-how of tea growing vis-à-vis conservation of environment
High Percentage of ageing bushes leading to low productivity and low rate of uprooting & replanting
High Cost of production and low productivity (70% of the total tea area is above 50 years of age)
Mismatch between tea prices and Labour wages including social welfare cost
High Agriculture tax – levied @ 50% which is the highest for any tea growing State
Lack of soil conservation method leading to soil erosion , loss of top soil & landslides
Almost 80% of the landscape of Idukki District falls under High Range Mountain Landscape represents the Western Ghats in terms of its ecological attributes, socio-economic profile and development trajectory. Tea occupies an extent of 142 Sq. Km of the total land use under HRML
Environment Loss- Significant bio-diversity loss, High Energy Consumption, application of pesticides & fertilizers affecting the large no. of different species, including pollution to water etc.,
Tourism:. This has increase the demand of land use, new infrastructure, encroachments, pollution, overcrowding, intensive resource use viz., water and electricity, etc. thus becomes a threat in conserving the biodiversity & the environment
INITIATIVES TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY OF KERALA TEA INDUSTRY Good Agricultural Practices
Conservation of Bio-diversity by adopting sustainable approach in cultivation process
Planting alternative and different species of shade trees and energy plantation other than Eucalyptus species
Adopt alternative source of thermal energy to reduce the dependency of bio-mass. Saving energy by adopting proper energy efficient option by doing energy audit assessment at regular interval in Each tea factory
Back to the Nature Plantation -The uprooting & Replanting of tea bushes as well as replacement planting may be done by adopting only “Organic method of Cultivation”
The unproductive /old senile tea bushes shall be uprooted @ of minimum 2% of the total tea area so as to follow a cycle of renewing the entire tea estate in every 50 years.
Selection of Planting Material – High yielding good quality clones which are suited for the region viz., resistant to pest & disease , drought resistance shall be preferred for planting
Reduction in the use of chemicals, pesticides, weedicide etc., which has an adverse affect on the climate and bio-diversity. The banned chemicals shall not be used in plantation sector. Follow the Board’s Trustea and PPC Code.
Linking production with market so as to maintain the Demand – supply of the product
Value addition
Tourism- The new tourism destination in the High Range Mountain Landscape shall be discouraged
Training & Capacity building to tea farmers & groups towards sustainability in tea and organizing the small tea growers into SHGs
Geographical Indication of the teas grown in Kerala /Idukki for Quality enhancement and enforcement on tea is important for trade promotion as done in case of Darjeeling, Assam & Nilgiris tea
Improvement in the present marketing system of Tea viz., Maximum participation of the buyers in purchasing from any part of India, redefining the role of broker in the present auction systems etc.,
Field Mechanization to overcome the shortage of Labour and to reduce the cost of production
Sustainability in Kerala Tea Sector
Role & Responsibilities
Tea CompaniesOwners
STG
Research & Development
GovernmentCentral &
State
Consumers
NGOs
Buyers, Tea Traders & Pack
tiers
Role Of Stakeholders towards sustainability of Kerala Tea Industry
Role of Stakeholders towards sustainability in Kerala Tea IndustryOwners/Tea Companies/STG/BLFs
Plough back the profits back to garden
Adopt GAP in the tea gardens
Follow the Government guidelines and different Act in spirit viz., Plantation Labour Act, Factories Act, Tea Act & TMCO, FSSAI etc.,
Improve the working condition in garden
Maintain transparency in every step from cultivation to marketing
STG shall improve the quality of leaf and form SHG/Co-operatives to get the benefits of Govt. initiatives/setting up own T.F
BLFs shall take only good quality leaf for processing and shall provide advisory service to the STGs towards GAP
Conserve the environment and Bio-diversity in every step
All Processing Unit shall go for Quality Certification ISO/HACCP and the estate shall also go for Organic Method of cultivation
Check for the Quality parameter before getting out of the tea from factory premise/commercial use
Buyers/Tea Traders/PacketiersMaintain the transparency in the entire value chain
Pass on/distribute the profit margin equally to all value chain
Provide additional price for the tea produced by way of sustainable approach
Do not lobby to dilute the social protections or the welfare measures meant for the workers
Conduct Multi-stakeholder meetings and appraise them about the market preferences and the quality and quantity requirements
Do market research both domestic & International and share the outcome to all the value chain
Maintain the demand-supply margin to keep the prices under control
Do not stock tea for future marketing
Obtain quality certification for packaging or blending units as well as for the brand
Check for the quality parameters by sending the sample to NABL accredited Laboratories before commercial use for FSSAI parameter & MRLs
Role of Stakeholders towards sustainability in Kerala Tea IndustryNGOs
Shall undertake the Social Welfare Program , educate the workers towards good health and better working environment
Impart trainings on sustainable method of cultivations, conservation of environment and bio-diversity
Improve the workers by developing their skills , other livelihood method other than dependency on pay roll to the gardens so as to overcome the situation of crisis of closure of the gardens
Encourage the owner/planters/tea traders to implement effective code of conduct
Impart training to workers towards safety measures while doing work in garden, handling hazardous chemicals for spraying etc.,
Support for broad based rural development, including the development of local processing capacity and producer association, and measure to improve credit and risk management facilities
Educate the growers about the different social & welfare measures and unite them to get the facility
Assist the small tea growers in formation of the SHGs/Societies and help in necessary tie up with the producer for selling their tea leaves at reasonable price
Arrange the stakeholder meeting for sharing their experience to the entire value chain and to work out a model for sustainability on Tea
ConsumersShall buy the products that are manufactured through sustainable approachShall participate in the awareness program call for all the stakeholders to have an overall knowledge of the entire value chain of tea industryShall look for the different certification which have a guarantee on different quality aspect of Tea
Shall visit the official site to acquaint themselves of the product
Always look on the details printed on the product for their quality and in case of any doubt shall report to the concerned authority for action
Must devote some time to fill up the feedback form which help in the improvement of the product
Shall buy the product from genuine shop and retailer only
Shall promote such teas which have a larger social value and that have produce keeping the environment value in every step of productionShall undertake a self assessment on the Health Aspect of Tea in compare to all the beverages available in the market
Role of Stakeholders towards sustainability in Kerala Tea IndustryGovernment
Shall develop a module cum policy for overall growth of the tea industry and its sustainability
Shall review all the different Acts implied to Tea Estate under the present Scenario and ensure that those Acts are implemented in spirit without violation at any stage
Shall act as a Friend, Philosopher and Guide to the Tea Industry
Ensure safety of the product by way of regular monitoring, evaluation and review
Improve the marketability of the product both in Domestic as well as International platform
Shall conduct regular stakeholder meeting to know the problems of the Tea Industry and its solution
Strengthen the relationship between STGs and BLFs and proper sharing of the prices
Make preferential procurement of tea possible for different government departments
Ensure that the tea produced had follow the sustainable approach and by way of different conservation method for the environment & Bio-diversity
Ensure transparency in all value chain
Ensure proper credit facility and financial assistance schemes to encourage the value chain to take up all the development & quality measures to set a guarantee towards sustainable growth of product and it’s safety
Research & DevelopmentThe research wing shall undertake the research on the basis of the necessity of the entire value chain
Shall evolve the Planting Material that are best suited for the different climatic condition and shall resistant to the diseases and pest as well as the condition like drought /waterlogged
Shall undertake the research on the safety of the product
Shall regularly conduct the stakeholder meeting and appraise the scientific findings to the entire value chain which helps in improving the overall quality of made teaImpart regular Training / Workshops / Seminars for the benefit of the different stakeholders
Impart regular training to the STGs/ SHGs to create an awareness towards Good Agricultural Practices , conservation of soil in hilly terrains etc.,Conduct Lab to Land program, mobile advisory service
Find alternative shade trees other than mono cropping
Find alternatives of the thermal energy in Tea Factories to reduce the pressure on the biomass
Forecast different weather condition and the field operation suited in defined regions
TEA BOARD INDIA & ITS DIRECTORATE : ROLE
Tea Board India
Tea Developmen
t
Research
Licensing
Tea Promotion
Establishment
Statistics
INITIATIVES TAKEN BY TEA BOARD OF INDIA TOWARDS SUSTAINABILTY OF TEA
Good Agriculture Practice: Engage UPASI-KVK & Boards’ Official to provide free advisory service to the Tea Estate , Factories, STGs and SHGs on different cultivation/manufacturing process
Old & Senile Tea Bushes: Design & Implemented SPTF Scheme to uproot & Replant the Old unproductive tea bushes with elite clones, Replacement of Old Tea Areas with better productive land and Rejuvenation of the Tea Bushes for which the Subsidy @ 25% of unit cost is being paid
Plantation Development Scheme: Subsidy @ 25% of the unit cost for the other field activity viz., Irrigation, New Planting for small tea growers etc.,
Improvement in Quality: In addition to field, subsidy @25% of the unit cost is being paid for modernizing the tea factory and for product diversification, value addition and for obtaining quality Certification (@50% of cost or Rs.1.00 Lakhs)
Social Issues: Design & Implemented Labour Welfare Scheme to provide education, training and better Health to the workers of Tea Garden and its dependentIntroduce TRUSTEA code and Plant Protection Code as a policy towards ensuring GAP and Safety of the Indian Teas. Registered Geographical Indication & Logos for better tea tradeOrganizing fairs in India & Abroad for promoting Indian Teas
Organizing Buyer-Seller meet for better market research and to create a demand for Indian teas
Set up Small Growers Development Directorate to look after the rising entrepreneurs who shares almost 32% in the total tea production (Globally 70% approx.)Monitoring, Evaluating & Reviewing all the initiatives taken for upgrading and effecting implementation of the policy initiatives
THANK YOU
END OF PRESENTATION