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Sanath Ranawana, Senior Natural Resources Management SpecialistAsian Development Bank
Building Resilient Cities:
The role of the Greater Mekong Subregion
Core Environment Program
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)
Six countries:
Cambodia
People's Republic of China (PRC)
• Yunnan Province
• Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous
Region
Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Lao PDR)
Myanmar
Thailand
Viet Nam
Connected by:
• The Mekong River
• Nine economic corridors
• Social and cultural links
Rich in natural capital …
• Land: 2.6 million sq. km
• Mekong: 4,350 km - 12th longest
river in the world
• Extensive coastland and marine
resource
• Rich wetlands and other inland
water bodies
• Extensive forest area - 118
million ha.
Natural capital’s contribution to the total and per capital wealth of selected GMS
countries, 2005
Source: World Bank Wealth of Nations Database
Diverse Society …
• 332 million people
• More than 70 ethnic groups
• Around 67% of total population
live in rural areas
• Largely agrarian and dependent
on natural resources for
subsistence and livelihoods
• High poverty in rural areas
… rapidly urbanizing
• Urbanization levels are
currently low
• Between 2010 to 2050,
GMS urban areas will
grow 7 times faster than
total population
• This trend will result in
92.6 million more people
living in urban areas by
2050
• Rural areas will lose more
than 62 million people.
And increasingly connected through
infrastructure…
Infrastructure Development in GMS (1992)
• Roads
• Telecommunications
• Power Transmission Line
Infrastructure Development in GMS (2010)
Infrastructure Development in GMS (2015-2020)
Highly vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change
• E.g. Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) – highly vulnerable to sea level rise.
• 2011 Bangkok flood - costs $46 billion; ranked among top ten costliest natural disasters since 1980s (the Economist)
• Viet Nam, 1m rise in sea level would inundate a quarter of HCMC, home to more than 6 million people, and submerge 11,000 km of roads
The cost of climate change couldreach nearly 7% of GDP per yearby 2100 in Thailand and Viet Nam,significantly higher than the globalaverage
GMS Economic Cooperation Program and Regional Investment Framework
RIF endorsed by the 19th GMS Ministerial Conference in Dec 2013
$30.0 billion RIF Implementation
Plan (2014-2018)
Recognized by the 5th GMS Summit in Dec 2014
Priority Investment Projects by Sector under the RIF Implementation Plan (2014 – 2018)
Transport: 90.2%Energy: 4.0%
Agriculture: 1.5%Environment: 0.3%
HRD: 0.7%Urban: 1.1%
Tourism: 1.5%TTF: 0.1%ICT: 0.0%
Multisector & CBEZs: 0.6%
transport
energy
Priority Technical Assistance Projects by Sector under the RIF Implementation Plan
Transport: 12.0%Energy: 10.8%
Agriculture: 8.3%Environment: 14.3%
HRD: 6.6%Urban: 5.8%
Tourism: 4.0%TTF: 15.1%ICT: 16.6%
Multisector & CBEZs: 6.6%
transport
energy
agri
environment
HRDurban
tourism
TTF
ICTmultisector&
CBEZs
Phase I: 2006-2011
Phase II: 2012-2016
Regional: environment ministries of Cambodia, PRC,
Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam
Secretariat: GMS
Environment Operations
Center
Multi-donor: $28.4 million from the Governments of
Finland and Sweden, Nordic Development Fund, ADB,
GEF, and PRCF
Vision: poverty free and ecologically rich GMS
The Core Environment Program in the GMS
Core Environment Program (CEP)
Output Map of the SMCA, at 1km
resolution.
Low values ( 0) indicate high
accumulated risk, while high values (
1) indicate low accumulated risk.
Application of a decision-making tool: Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis
Criteria Tree
Other Assessments under CEP
• Economic assessment of ecosystem
services
• Multisector planning to assess trade-offs
• Climate vulnerability assessments to support
climate resilient communities and
landscapes
Environment Operations Center
• Repository of knowledge and information
• Providing baseline social, economic and
environmental data, and technical know how
GIS Data and GMS Atlas
http://www.gms-eoc.org
GMS Development Map Tool
Climate Change Projection
GMS Statistics
Bid for enhanced
partnership to promote
investment in natural capital in the GMS−from the recently concluded
EMM4
Next steps
1st Half of 2015
• Identify Action Plan for mainstreaming natural capital in RIF and beyond
• Align with GMS Core Environment Program Phase 2
2nd Half of 2015
• Work with sector ministries to support the design and implementation of RIF projects
• GMS Core Environment Program as facilitator
1st half of 2016
• Take stock of progress
• GMS Core Environment Program to organize a knowledge sharing event