S4 oman wind energy environment + wind 2016

11

Welcome to the world of wind energy

Environment+ wind=?

Dr. D. V. KanellopoulosOPWP Renewable Energy

Training Program11-14 December 2016

Muscat, Oman

Hr

Question: Is wind energy good for the environment?

Mankind and the use of wind energy, a long-long historic friendship

Traditional wind mill of the Aegean Sea.

Karpathos island,

Elymbos, summer 2005

Thousands of small wind mills were used for irrigation in the Lassithi plateau in Crete, Greece

OLD DUTCH WINDMILLS

Spanish wind mills, a tourist attraction

France, Marseille, 17th century wind mills in 2 rows within the city walls!

Boulgaria, Windmill on the causeway to old town of Nessebar

A windmill at Konnevesi Museum in Konnevesi, Finland

The technology today changes the landscape. The wts are getting larger, Austria, E-82

Comparing sizes with international monuments

The statue of Liberty, USA

Big Ben, UK

Comparing a 3 MW wind turbine with international monuments

The WHITE TOWER of Thessaloniki, Greece h= 34 m

Environmental impact no 1, Visual?


USA, the 80’s

Europe the 80’s

Small number , single lines

large number , multiple lines


E126-7.6


Texas USA


The Netherlands, 20 *E126

New HV SS

Environmental impact no 2, Noise?

Mechanical, gearbox-generator

Aerodynamic, from the blades

We can measure it, we can predict it.

At distances of 300 m from the turbine it drops to 40-45 dB(A)

Modern onshore WTs, they are quiet

machines

An example of the sound pressure level estimations from a 6 wts wind farm

Pubnico Point, Nova Scotia, Canada, 17*1.8 MW turbines

MOE=Ontario Ministry of Environment, criteria for wind turbines

Pubnico Point, Nova Scotia, Canada Predicted sound levels, at V=10 m/s

Pubnico Point, Nova Scotia, Canada, 17*1.8 MW turbines

Colours:Green= V(m/s) at wt14Blue= wind speed at met towerred=10 min aver. Sound levelGray=MOE criteria

Sound pressure level measurements , dB(A)

time

Turbine noise levels at wind speeds of 8 and 10 m/sD

ista

nce

from

wt i

n m

There is no noise problems and there are no dangers to human health from onshore

machines following the IEC 61400 STANDARD

Environmental impact no 3, Ecosystem?

Migratory bird paths in

Greece


Five zones used for analyses of the time series fro bird migration at Anholt

OWF

Radar observations

Radar can identify incoming bird flocks and stop the operation of a wind farm if needed


The Tehachapi Wind Farm, with around 4,731 wind turbines, is the second largest collection of wind generators in California

http://focusingonwildlife.com/news/migrating-raptors-on-the-strait-of-gibraltar/

19.10.2013


STUDY MAPS WHERE TO BUILD WIND FARMS TO SAVE GOLDEN EAGLES

http://www.biosphereonline.com/2015/08/28/study-maps-where-to-build-wind-farms-to-save-golden-eagles/

The new study, from , is trying to take a preemptive approach to this problem. Researchers investigated the areas in which golden eagles are nesting, and included other information like prey availability, land use and habitat quality. They then recorded which areas would simultaneously be good sources for wind power.Putting all of these areas together yielded a map for the area in Wyoming, which has the second highest golden eagle population in the United States. The map highlights the best places for wind farm development, whilst conserving the Federally protected eagles (highlighted in blue). The green areas show the best places for golden eagle nests, and thankfully – no wind farms are situated within these. However, the orange and yellow areas highlights ‘moderate risk’ sites that have less than ideal winds, but plenty of golden eagles – and there are many turbines located in these areas.

Wyoming, second highest golden eagle population in the United States

Landscapes for Energy and Wildlife: Conservation Prioritization for Golden Eagles across Large Spatial Scales , Jason D. Tack ,Bradley C. Fedy

•Published: August 11, 2015•http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134781

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134781

Useful information about wind

farms

Work begins in Sandy, Bedfordshire on Monday 25 January 2016, and the 0.8 MW wind turbine will generate around two million units of green energy every year, equivalent to over half of the electricity the RSPB uses across its 127 UK locations.

Martin Harper, RSPB’s director of conservation, said: “Climate change is the single biggest threat to our planet. This is about our birds and wildlife as well as our way of life. Around the world, and even in the UK, we can already see how these changes are affecting wildlife, the places where they live as well as damage to our homes and disruptions to the economy.It is down to everyone to play their part. In the UK, we have the potential to generate a significant portion, if not all, of our electricity from sustainable sources. This will take time and it will take investment. So I am proud to say the RSPB continues to back words with actions to show we are serious about tackling the threat of climate change with our biggest single renewable energy project yet.”

Austria, E70

Environmental impact no 5, Shadow flicker?

Environmental impact no 5, Shadow flicker?

Wind turbine shadow flicker areas can

easily be computed

Software tools usually combine noise and shadow flicker calculations

www.cres.gr10 MW wind farm provides:Electricity for 10.000 families yearlySavings amounting to 2.447 t dieselAvoidance of 28.450 t CO2 yearlyDuring planning and constriction faces, it requires 130 people.

Environmental benefits of wind energy

http://www.cres.gr/

Social acceptability of wind energy. Enemy or Friend?

People will always ask: what is the future wind project looks like?

A photomontage done using Google tools for a new project in Crete

Environmental Impact Assessment studies (EIAs) are required for all projects. Visualization of the wind farm is absolutely necessary.

e.g. of 3 scenarios

80 wts, 5MW

View points are defined and photomontages are performed. In the white box on the bottom picture, the farm is hardly visible!

View point: from the harbor toward the future wind farm

People were invited to see the erection of a wt in Wales, UK

Uruguay, E92

USA Livestock and farming continues uninterrupted with minimal use of land

Engage society in an open and honest dialogue

Canada, E82 and E70 wts blend in the mountainous landscape

France, more than sunflowers are growing in the fields!

Martigny Switzerland, a 3 MW wt

As a society, we have enjoyed the benefits of wind energy in the past. As responsible citizens of planet earth,

we should do the same in the future.