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THINKING beyond the canopy
Potential of Bamboo for Climate Change adaptation in Congo Basin
Denis J. Sonwa1&2 1. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Yaoundé Cameroon.2. International Institute of tropical Agriculture (IITA), Yaoundé Cameroon
Bamboo Carbon Forestry, Landscape Restoration & Sustainable Use Workshop on Harnessing the Potentials of Bamboo for Carbon Trading, Landscape Restoration and Job Creation
Yaoundé, 11-12 August 2016
THINKING beyond the canopy
PlanClimate responses in
Congo Basin
Climate Vulnerabilty
Adaptation responses
Moving ahead with Bamboo in adaptation
THINKING beyond the canopy
Bassin du Congo: Le Cœur vert de l’Afrique !!!*
Walker et al. 2008, Congo Basin State of the Forest, 2006
Climate responses in Congo Basin
Biodiversity conservation was the priority
REDD+ as a priority
Issues of farmers livelihoods Vs Ecological consideration
Few investment on Adaptation
THINKING beyond the canopy
Bamboo within the responsesClimate responses in Congo Basin
Only Rwanda is mentioning Bamboo in his National Communication (Deforestation & Need of plantation for forest habitat protection & Livelihood)
No Bamboo mention in PANA documents in Congo Basin
THINKING beyond the canopy
ADAPTATION, definition…Climate responses in Congo Basin
Adaptation to climate change requires adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems to respond to actual or expected climatic situations and their effects.
Adapting includes changes in processes, practices, and structures to moderate potential damages or benefit from opportunities linked to climate change. (UNFCCC)
THINKING beyond the canopy
Livelihood actitvities
Climatic exposure
Agriculture Livestock NTFPs Hunting FishingLekie Yoka Lekie Yoka Lekie Yoka Lekie Yoka Lekie Yoka
Heavy rainfall --- --- o o o o o o + +Punctual droughts during rainy season
--- - -- - - o o
Occasional rainfall during dry season ++ + + o
Low rainfall during the year + + - - o o -
Strong winds -- - o - - oHeat waves during dry season -- - - o o - - o
--- High negative,-- Med negative,- Low negative,o No, + Low positive,++ Med positive
Impacts on livelihood activities (Cameroon)*
Forest-related activities:Less sensitive(safety nets?)
Agriculture and livestock:Very sensitive to climate
variability
…. of forest communitiesVulnerability
*cofcca project, CIFOR
THINKING beyond the canopy
…. of BambooVulnerability
As on others vegetation stands in Congo Basin, few studies exist on vulnerabilities of Bamboo Stands (Natural and Plantation)
What will be the situation of Bamboo with the vulnerability of his habitat to climate change?
How can the vulnerability of farmers affect the vulnerability of Bamboo stands?
Can the mitigation activities using Bamboo be sustainable if the vulnerability of Bamboo is not well master?
What are the main factor that can potentially affect Bamboo stand?
THINKING beyond the canopy
Adaptation responses
Mainly based on PANA
Focus on Resilient Agriculture
Diversification to buffer vulnerability effects
Climate Information for seasonal to sub-seasonal forecasting
Activities in some vulnerable ecosystems
…. In Congo Basin
THINKING beyond the canopy
Adaptation responses
No direct mention of bamboo for Adaptation
Bamboo mention for mitigation in Rwanda but some indirect adaptation effects
CIFOR project (COBAM) : build the synergy between Adaptation and Mitigation with Bamboo in protected area landscape in Rwanda
…. an Bamboo
THINKING beyond the canopy
Challenge, How to merge adaptation & mitigation in main biodiversity landscapes?
Making sure that REDD+ pilot activities are resilient to Climate change
Less pressure on forest habitat
Response to socio-economic & climate change pressures
COBAM : Climate change and forests in the Congo basin: Synergies between adaptation and mitigation
Adaptation responses
THINKING beyond the canopy
Adaptation responses
STUDIES* Bamboo is part of the livelihood
of rural communities
Deforestation of Bamboo stand is threatening carbon stock and biodiversity habitat
Main hazards during which Bamboo is used by local authorities and farmer as coping strategy: Strong Winds, heavy rains, land slides & Floods
…. an Bamboo, CIFO/COBAM-ARECO imitativeParticipatory responses*
Bamboo nurseries, multiplication & transformation for: carbon stock enhancement
(Mitigation)
Soil Erosion control (Adaptation)
Diversify income to increase the resilience of the household (Adaptation)
*Pavageau, C., R. Butterfield et A. M. Tiani (2013). Current vulnerability in the Virunga landscape, Rwanda. Bogor, Indonésie, Centre de recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR) : 4p
Mukakamari Dancilla, Louis Bernard Cheteu (2014). Foresterie à base communautaire pour l’atténuation et l’adaptation dans la zone du Parc National des Volcans (PNV) au Rwanda (COBAM-ARECO), Brief, COBAM, Bogor, Indonésie, Centre de recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR) : 4p
NOTE D’IDEE DE PROJET(NIP), Appui à la promotion de la foresterie à base communautaire pour la conservation de la biodiversité, l’amélioration des conditions de vie et la lutte contre le changement climatique dans la zone du Parc National des Volcans (PNV) au Rwanda. Projet COBAM/PNV (Doccument Interne)
THINKING beyond the canopy
Moving Ahead with Bamboo in Adaptation
INBAR comment on the entry points of Bamboo in Climate Change Adaptation*
Innovative use of Bamboo in Climate Smart Agriculture (reduce soil erosion, maintain slopes stability, rapidly restore degraded lands; off-farm sources of income ; animal fodder)
Disaster Resilience (Bamboo housing & structures): (disaster include: flood, typhoons &cyclones, rising sea levels, mud slides and degraded coastal zones )
*INBAR Position paper, Input to the COP21-Paris – negotiation of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, December 2015
THINKING beyond the canopy
Moving Ahead with Bamboo in Adaptation Why Bamboo was not part of Adaptation responses in many countries?
it did not have the same place in the livelihood as other NWFP !!!
Few Information exist on the potential valorization of Bamboo !!!
Few stakeholders new the existence of INBAR
Is Bamboo a product that all the virtues (including the role in adaptation to climate change) are not yet well understood in the Congo Basin Landscapes?
All the contributions (including INBAR one’) to Climate Change Response are welcome!!!!!!!
THINKING beyond the canopy
Moving Ahead with Bamboo in Adaptation Adaptation for Bamboo
Identify the climate factors that can affect natural and plantation stands of Bamboo
Understand the impact of the future climate on Bamboo
Improve the SFM of Bamboo and his resilience to climate change (Potential synergy between adaptation & Mitigation)
Bamboo for Adaptation
Use the Bamboo for ecosystem conservation (Soil erosion control, land slides, floods, etc..)..
Use of bamboo to increase the resilience of agricultural land uses
Use of bamboo to increase the resilience of other livelihoods (Directly and/or indirectly)
EBA (Ecosystem Base Adaptation)
THINKING beyond the canopy
*Climate responses in Congo basin generally take biodiversity conservation in consideration
*Bamboo is not yet at the center of policy responses on climate change (only one country mention Bamboo in National Communication)
*Lessons can be learned on Example of Rwanda..
*Moving ahead imply taking in consideration “Adaptation for Bamboo” and “Bamboo for Adaptation” in the biodiversity landscapes
importance of Synergy Adaptation & Mitigation
Conclusion
THINKING beyond the canopy
www.cifor.org/cobam
Thank you
www.cifor.cgiar.org
Twitter: @[email protected]
www.cifor.org/cofcca/home.html
http://foreststreesagroforestry.org/