Overview of IWMI-Central Asia’s research and its application to mitigate impact of climate change

Overview of IWMI-CA’s research and its application to

mitigate impact of climate change

Oyture AnarbekovIWMI-Central Asia Office

Tashkent, Uzbekistan 14.12.2016

INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTEIWMI is a non-profit, scientific research organization with focus on the sustainable use of water and land resources in developing countries

IWMI established in 1985 with HQ in Sri Lanka More than 150 researchers in 12 Offices IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil

society and the private sector to develop scalable agricultural water management solutions that have a real impact on livelihoods, food security and ecosystem

CHALLENGES IN THE REGION

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1980 1990 2000 2007 2009 2011

Inta

ke p

er a

rea(

m3 /

ha)

/ p

er

cap

ita(

m3 )

Po

pu

lati

on

/Irr

igat

ed a

rea

(ha)

Population Irrigated area Water intake per capita

Population growth -need for increased food production with limited resourcesWater-Energy-Food Nexus and competition of different users Extensive degradation of land and ecosystems

Climate change –supply concerns and extreme events

Deteriorated irrigation and drainage infrastructure

Years: 1951 - 2001Source: http://www.waterunites-ca.org/book.html

IWMI’S ACTIVITIES IN CENTRAL ASIAIWMI started its activities in Central Asia in 2001 with main focus of research on:

Introduction of IWRM principles and Water Governance

Effective water management institutions

Identifying best practices for water savings

Improving irrigation performance Water and energy productivity

improvement and water saving technologies

GIS/Remote sensing and climate change

Member of Regional Program for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Central Asia and Caucasus led by ICARDA

Implemented Programs/Projects in Uzbekistan: SDC: IWRM-FV (2001-2012) SDC: WPI-PL (2008-2012) ADB: Bright Spots and others CRP Water, Land & Ecosystems GIZ/BMZ: Improving irrigation efficiency in Potato fields IWMI hosts GWP-CACENA Partnership with European Universities (Humboldt

University Berlin, CDE/University of Bern/WOCAT and other active networks/initiatives

GIZ TWMCAMurgab

EU/GIZ

USAID/PEER

GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT BODIES IN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WATER HIERARCHY IN CA

Management Authority Water Hierarchy Levels Governance Authority

Management of Main CanalsSystem Water Canal Committee

or Federation of WUAs

WUA Directorate WUA (WCA) WUA Council

Тerritorial Management Unit of BWO

MINISTRY

Sub-Basin System Water Management

TSR Basin Level

National

Sub-basin

Basin Water Committee

National Water Council

Sub-basin Water Committee

Water Users

BWO(Syrdarya, Amudarya)

RegionalICWC

EC IFAS IFAS BoardAral Sea Basin

Polic

y Le

vel;

Inst

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nal S

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ning

; Tec

hnic

al A

spec

ts;

Cap

acity

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g (P

ublic

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ate

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ners

hip)

Schema source: IWRM-FV project

Map of demonstration fields within Ferghana Valley: Tajikistan: 1 – Buri Kurmas, 2 – Shark, 3 – Navbahor, 4 – Amakjon, 5 – Khimoyatbonu; Kyrgyzstan: 6 – Tukhtarov, 7 – Tolobekov, 8 –Absattarov, 9 – Kyrgyzbaeva, 10 – Mamafaliev, 11 – Jusubaliev; Uzbekistan: 12 – Akiev, 13 – Abdurahmon ota, 14 – Mirzakhmadsahovati, 15 – Baht imkon rivozh, 16 – Dilshoda, 17 – Kahramon davlat, 18 – Ergash ota, 19 – Sobir ota, 20 – Botirjon, 21 – Ortikov, 22 – Kosimov, 23 – Nilu, 24 – Durdona Gayrat, 25 – Omonov, 26 – Nabijon ota

DEMO FIELDS & WATER SAVING TECHNOLOGIES

Irrigation treatment/practices Water measurements Water saving technologies

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ЮФК ААК ХБК

Удел

ьная

вод

опод

ача,

ты

с.м

3/га

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Results of project interventionsSpecific Water supply per ha in 3 main canals, 1000м3/hа

Source: WPI-PL project

WATER AND ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION

Karshi Steppe/Dryland System

Drip system

Furrowirrigation

Water supply m3/ha 3659 4477

Energy consumption, KwHo/ha 732 1584

Yield of cotton, t/ha 4.5 4

Water productivity, kg/m3 1.23 0.89

Energy productivity, kg/KwHo 6.15 2.53

Energy use intensity, Kwho/m3 0.2 0.35

Cotton production using drip irrigation

Water and energy productivity

* Under well irrigation Source:*IWMI/CRP5

Improved potato varieties and water management technologies to enhance water use efficiency on farm level 2012-2014

IRRIGATION TREATMENTS

NIF – conventional irrigation practices; NIS –irrigation scheduling; HFI – high frequency irrigation; PRD – partial root-zone drying.

COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE PILOT FARMERS WITH TRADITIONAL FARMERS

(1 USD = 2409,67 Uzbek Sum), 2014

Partial root drying and high frequency irrigation methods in potato fields showed positive results in terms of water saving and crop yield

improvement.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Pilot farmer in Andijan Pilot farmer in Ferghana Traditional FerghanaProvince potato farmers

USD

Yield Gross Income Profit

Source: IWMI

REDUCING NON-BENEFICIAL LOSSESShifting Evaporation into Transpiration. Demo site of winter wheat/ Mung bean in K. Umarov WUA, Fergana province, Uzbekistan

Source: *IWMI/AVRDC/CRP 1.1

First crop Yield Second crop Irrigation Application rate Yield WP

t/ha m3/ha t/ha kg/m3

winter wheat 5.6 mung bean Farmer practice 1676 1.54 0.92

winter wheat 6.6 mung bean Cut back irrigation

1193 1.42 1.19

winter wheat 7.6 mung bean Partial root drying

1501 1.65 1.10

Water productivity for winter wheat/mungbean

SALINITY MAPPING OF SYRDARYA PROVINCE OF UZBEKISTAN, FOR (2000-2003) AND (2008-2011)

Source: IWMI 2015

GIS/RS:

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN WATER MANAGEMENT

Development of Karshi Steppe Irrigation Crop locations and Land Use

Tasks that can be solved using the RS-GIS: Evaluating the effectiveness of measures Evaluation of water productivity Assessment of water resources and their

use, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies

Source: IWMI

www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world

RECLAIMING SALT-AFFECTED LOW PRODUCTIVE SOILS BY CULTIVATING LICORICE

1999-2004 2005 – 2009

Incentive Technology Access to resources Access to market

Fodders from abandoned land

Roots of Licorice

Reclaiming abandoned landIWMI & GulistanUniversity

Farmer experienceFactory installed at the area to reproduce Licorice roots

Farmer Avezov growingLicorice on 500 ha

Source:*GSU/IWMI/ADB/CRP5

CURRENT ACTIVE PROJECTS

EU Programme “Sustainable mgt of water resources in rural areas of Uzbekistan”

PEER Cycle 4 project “Mitigating the competition for water in Amudarya River basin by improving water use efficiency”PEER Cycle 5 project “Implications of climate change, land use and adaptation interventions on water resources and agricultural production in Transboundary Amu Darya river basin"

GIZ Transboundary Water Programme: QGIS Trainings and Generation of Diagnostic Digital Atlas in GIZ Interventions on Murgab Basin Analysis and Planning

OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTWORK ON IMPROVEMENT TECHNICAL ASPECTS

Shift towards demand based water management; Improvement of water and energy use productivity; Improvement of water scheduling and water accounting using modern technologies; Identification of effective institutional arrangements for water management from basin to field, Work out financial and economic incentives for water saving and water productivity in rural areas as

well as irrigation service fee pricing; Promotion of Water Information System from on-farm up to basin level (IMoMo project experience); GIS and remote sensing techniques to: map salinity and shallow water table, to map seasonal

evaporation and crop water use, and improve regional and system level water balances and water accounting

Prediction of climate change and extreme events

Source: IMoMo project

Выступающий

Заметки для презентации

Possessing own machinery and equipment to perform self-maintenance of the irrigation networks. Capital investments and repairs of the irrigation networks Increasing the water service fees to increase the budget of the WUAs. Water users were meant to include all types of farming entities and kitchen garden owners. However, usual case is that farmers are prioritized by the governments as well as by the donor community and therefore kitchen gardens hav With multiple number of users existing, WUAs were considered to act as effective mechanism for resolving conflicts that arise over water allocation to other users outside the association and over payments for water deliveries, especially in the absence of measuring devices. At the same time, where WUAs are properly managed, they have frequently turned out to be a useful basis for coordinating other activities of farmers within one irrigation area: agreeing on rotating cropping patterns for more efficient use of the limited water supply, sharing farming equipment, marketing the harvest, and so on (samples from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan). For sustainability of WUAs, there is need to improve institutional as well as technical aspects together. The two aspects of water management should be linked via water governance. In terms of institutional aspects, it is important to enhance the rules and regulations within and outside of WUA, in terms of technical aspects it is crucial to improve the water accounting which should contribute for improved knowledge on water balance. e gained little attention of the policy-makers and have not been integrated within the WUAs (Mukhamedova and Wegerich, 2014). Finally, where water user associations are properly managed, they have frequently turned out to be a useful basis for coordinating other activities of farmers within one irrigation area: agreeing on rotating cropping patterns for more efficient use of the limited water supply, sharing farming equipment, marketing the harvest, obtaining credits, and so on

Photo: Hanspeter Liniger

Upper zone

Middle zone/partZone of transmission

Lower part

DIFFERENT ZONES OF WATERSHED, DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER AND LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!

WE LOOK FORWARD FOR COOPERATION!

IWMI-CENTRAL ASIA Office: Address Apt. 123, Bldg. 6, OsiyoStreet, Tashkent 100000, UzbekistanTel: +998 71 237-04-45Fax: +998712370317E-mail: [email protected]@cgiar.org

mailto:[email protected]

Environment

Overview of IWMI-Central Asia’s research and its application to mitigate impact of climate change