WELCOME TO OUR

PRESENTATION

PRESENTATION ON

USE OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER AND ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT IN RESPECT OF

BANGLADESH

Name of The Group: Lithosphere

NAME ID NO REG NOZAHID HOSSAIN AGRJJ001/2016 05550SHOAIB HOSSAIN AGRJJ002/2016 03498

NUSRAT JAHAN NUPUR AGRJJ003/2016 03476MD. AMINUL HAQ AGRJJ004/2016 03383

FAHMIDA JAHAN MITU AGRJJ005/2016 03393MD. HUMAYUN AL

MAMUN AGRJJ006/2016 03398

INTRODUCTIONNitrogen is an essential, fundamental building block for life. It is the most plentiful element in the earth’s atmosphere, yet in its molecular form (N2), it is unusable by the vast majority of living organisms. It must be transformed, or fixed, into other forms, collectively known as reactive nitrogen, before it can be used by most plants and animals. Without an adequate supply of nitrogen, crops do not thrive and fail to reach their maximum production potential.

CONTINUED

In many ecosystems, nitrogen is the limiting element for growth. However, when present in excess, reactive nitrogen causes a range of negative environmental effects, poses risks to human health and consequently can have negative economic and social consequences.

Why is N Important?

Everything that lives needs nitrogen: It is a vital component of all living cells, and without N, there would be no life as we know it. It’s the most abundant (78%) element in the Earth’s atmosphere. Nitrogen is a key component of chlorophyll, the compound used by plants to convert sunlight into sugars from water and carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis. The sugars are then stored and used for plant growth and development.

CONTINUEDNitrogen is needed to feed people:Currently, at least 50 percent of food produced worldwide is possible only through the use of commercial fertilizers containing N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Food grown with N fertilizers feeds 2 billion people.

Various Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizers

Nitro-chalk - It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate + lime

Nitram - Straight ammonium nitrate Aqueous ammonia Anhydrous ammonia

CONTINUED

Isobutylidene dirurea - Acts as quickly as ammonium nitrate, but it is inferior than it ammonium nitrate

Sulfur-coated urea - In which urea is converted to ammonia by nitrification. The organic fertilizer are more expensive than inorganic fertilizers.

Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer

A single nitrogen-containing molecule can have a series of impacts on the environment because reactive nitrogen can so easily move among the different media of air, soil and water.

In the air, it can contribute to higher levels of ozone in the lower atmosphere, causing respiratory ailments and damaging vegetation.

CONTINUED

From the atmosphere, it generally falls to the surface in atmospheric deposition, generating a series of effects — corrosion of buildings, bridges and other humanmade structures, acidification of soils and water bodies, and inadvertent fertilization of trees and grasslands, creating unnatural growth rates, nutrient imbalances, and decreasing or altering biodiversity.

CONTINUED

Reactive nitrogen also promotes eutrophication in coastal ecosystems, which can negatively impact fish stocks and biodiversity. Eventually, most reactive nitrogen is denitrified back to molecular nitrogen, but a portion is converted to nitrous oxide which contributes to both the greenhouse effect and to stratospheric ozone depletion.

CONTINUED

Leaching out of the soils, reactive nitrogen can make groundwater and surface water unfit for human consumption.

Coastal dead zones and fish kills due to severe eutrophication or hypoxia resulting from nitrate run-off and leaching into river systems

Biodiversity loss in terrestrial, freshwater and coastal water systems due to eutrophication and acidification

CONTINUED

Groundwater pollution by nitrates.Freshwater pollution due to eutrophication and

acidification.Human health impacts resulting from the

formation of aerosols and ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a main component of smog, causing respiratory diseases.

CONTINUED

Reduced crop, forest and grassland productivity due to nitrogen deposition and over-fertilization, as well as ground-level ozone exposure

Global climate change and the depletion of stratospheric ozone, which protects life on Earth from harmful (UV) rays

RECOMMENDATIONS Improved local, regional, and in some cases

global assessments are needed of the environmental, economic and human health impacts of excesses and deficiencies of reactive nitrogen. These assessments should be comprehensive, integrating environmental, health and economic analyses. Improved monitoring of forms of nitrogen pollution moving through air, water and soil, as well as nitrogen in commercially traded commodities, is also needed for many regions of the world.

CONTINUED

Although better assessments and monitoring programmes are needed, enough is known about excesses and deficiencies of reactive nitrogen in many regions to develop appropriate policy instruments to address many of these problems. All such policy instruments should have the flexibility to evolve as better assessments and as results from monitoring programmes become available.

CONTINUED

Efforts are needed to improve awareness, both among the general public and among policy makers, of the scope and pervasiveness of the growing environmental, human health and economic impacts of too much or too little reactive nitrogen.

CONTINUED

Deeper analysis, more investment in monitoring, enhanced sharing of information, and more collaboration at different levels of government and between the public and private sectors are required to develop effective responses to both excesses and deficiencies of reactive nitrogen.

CONTINUEDPolicy responses to excess reactive nitrogen must integrate the causes and effects that span several common regulatory domains. For example, policies intended to ameliorate the problem for water quality might exacerbate the problem for air quality. Likewise, upwind emissions may affect water quality far downwind and downstream. Because reactive nitrogen is actively traded in commodities and is readily mobile through air, water and soil, policy integration is needed, both geographically and across agencies that deal with air, water, soil, agriculture and commerce.

CONCLUSIONThe negative effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the climate are undisputed. The production of nitrogen fertilizer uses a lot of energy, while fertilizing fields with nitrogen releases nitrous oxide – a gas that is 310 times more detrimental to the climate than carbon dioxide. A number of the policy efforts that have already been developed provide important examples of successes and failures. Addressing the problems that reactive nitrogen creates, whether present in excess or in deficiency, requires integrated action at local, national and regional levels.

CONTINUED

But because the effects of reactive nitrogen are not limited to simply air or soil or water, a policy to remedy one issue may inadvertently aggravate another. Thus, a comprehensive and coherent understanding of the issue, and of the status of related policy initiatives, is a pre-requisite for any effective action, regardless of scale.

THANKS TO

ALL