Introducing the LEED Resilient Design Pilot Credits

Introducing the LEED® Resilient Design Pilot Credits

Gulf Coast Green

Mary Ann Lazarus FAIA, LEED BD+C Principal, MALeco

April 28, 2016

Program Overview

•  Why Resilient Design, Why Now? •  LEED Resilient Design Pilot Credits •  Project Example •  Discussion

RESILIENCE IS MORE THAN

•  Disaster Recovery •  Hardening •  Emergency Preparedness •  Climate Change MiNgaNon •  Sustainability

RESILIENCE IS ABOUT

•  Long term Planning •  AdaptaNon •  Short-‐term Survivability •  Cascading Impacts •  Community Building •  Durability/Flexibility •  Responsiveness

DepleNon

Sustainability

Time

Resources

Renewal

Resilience/ Sustainability

Sustainability = the ability to survive for all living things

Resilience = the ability to thrive and adapt to change, through learning,

for all living things

Source: Eskew Dumez Ripple

Source: A Framework for Resilient Design Eskew+Dumez+Ripple

Resilience Definition

Resilience is the capacity to adapt to changing condiNons and to maintain or regain funcNonality and vitality in the face of stress or disturbance. It is the capacity to bounce back aYer a disturbance or interrupNon.

Resilient Design InsNtute

WHY RESILIENT DESIGN WHY NOW?

Hurricane Risk Areas

Earthquake Hazard Areas

Fire Danger Zones

New earthquake Advisory from USGS “…some places in Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Arkansas may experience damage if the induced seismicity continues unabated”

Source: USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/induced/

Risks

Tornados Hurricanes Floods Earthquakes Total Risk Picture

Resilience is needed everywhere

April, 2016!!

Changing conditions in the Northwest

Source: USGCPR report Climate Change Impacts in the United States, 2014

Latest Climate News

Source: NOAA

January 20, 2016

How Hot and Wet was Houston in 2015?

Source: New York Times

Temperature: 1.3 above normal

Precipitation : 22.5” above normal

8 of the 10 costliest hurricanes in US history occurred in the past decade.

According to FEMA

2015 2005

$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $

Source: AIA NaNonal

Business Case: Cost impacts

Short-Term Impacts: Power Outages

Blackout caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012 – photo: Eric Chang

Energy Distribution in the U.S. •  160,000 miles of high-

voltage power lines •  3,400 power plants •  150 refineries, half in the

Gulf Coast •  2.5 million miles of oil

and gas pipelines

Cascading impacts – Short Term

Gas line in Woodbridge, NJ on November 1, 2012 – photo: AP

Drought & Water Shortages

Lake Heron, Los Ojos, New Mexico, August 2014. Photo: Eddie Moore, Albuquerque Journal Lake Lanier near Atlanta, September,

2007 – Photo: Washington Post

State/Regional Hazard Mitigation Requirements

HOUSTON-GALVESTON AREA COUNCIL

REGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2011 UPDATE

Approved: October 11, 2012

Government Drivers: Executive Actions on Climate Change

ExecuNve Order 13653

Department of Defense Directive January 14, 2016

“The DoD must be able to adapt current and future operaNons to address the impacts of climate change in order to maintain an effecNve and efficient U.S. military.”

Resilience applies at all Scales

▪  Infrastructure failure ▪  Hurricanes ▪  Earthquakes ▪  Wildfires ▪  Heat waves ▪  Blizzard ▪  Health epidemics

Shocks Stresses

§  Affordable housing

§  Aging population §  Environmental

degradation §  Sea level rise §  Growing wealth gap §  Drought §  Species extinction

Source: AIA Na-onal and 100 Resilient Ci-es

▪  Flooding ▪  Tornadoes ▪  Acts of terrorism ▪  Civil unrest ▪  Dam failure ▪  Subsidence ▪  Liquefaction

§  Aging Infrastructure §  Population growth §  Unemployment §  Melting polar ice caps §  Global warming §  Food scarcity §  Increasing pollution

Resilience Dividend

Conditions

Time

EVENT EVENT

EVENT

Source: A Framework for Resilient Design Eskew+Dumez+Ripple

WHY RESILIENT DESIGN WHY NOW?

•  Natural Hazards •  Climate VulnerabiliNes •  Government RegulaNon •  Financial •  Social/Economic/Equity Impacts

LEED PILOT RESILIENT DESIGN CREDITS

…An entry point for including resilient design thinking into project planning, design, and implementaNon.

LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design WHY?

3 Credit Suite: LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design

LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design A GROUP effort:

Core Team Alex Wilson, Resilient Design InsNtute Mary Ann Lazarus, FAIA, MALeco Betsy del Monte, FAIA, Transform Global Mark Meaders, HDR Rachel Minnery, FAIA, American InsNtute of Architects Val Walsh, Walsh Sustainability Group Lona Rerick, AIA, ZGF Architects Ted van der Linden, DPR ConstrucNon

Advisors (par?al list) Ibrahim AlmuYi, P.E. Arup Illya Azaroff, AIA +LAB Architects

Gail Brager, Ph.D., Center for Built Environment Ryan Colker, NIBS Ann Kosmal, AIA, GSA

Brendon Levii, RA, Loisos + Ubbelohde, Jim Newman, Linnean SoluNons Luke Leung, P.E., SOM Erik Olsen, P.E., Transsolar KlimaEngineering

Carl Sterner, Assoc. AIA, Sefaira Sami Vikram, AIA, ZGF Architects Don Watson, FAIA, EarthRise Design

Resilient Design - Project Applicability ?

AIRPORT JAIL

MILITARY BASE COURTHOUSE Lambert International Airport

L.B. Landry High School, New Orleans LA (Eskew+Dumez+Ripple) Military Medical School, Fort Sam Houston TX (RTKL)

Colorado Court Affordable Housing, Santa Monica CA (Pugh + Scarpa) West Vancouver Community Centre, British Columbia (HCMA)

EDUCATIONAL

RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY

CRITICAL CARE

Suite of 3 LEED pilot credits

IPpc98: Assessment and planning for resilience IPpc99: Design for enhanced resilience IPpc100: Passive survivability and funcNonality during emergencies Operable, triple-glazed windows in patient rooms at

Spaulding Rehab Hospital - photo: Perkins + Will

IPpc98– Assessment and planning for resilience

Intent: To encourage designers, planners and building owners/operators to proac?vely plan before design commences for the poten?al impacts of natural disasters or disturbances as well as address issues that impact long-‐term building performance such as changing climate condi?ons.

IPpc98: Assessment and planning for resilience

▪ Hazard assessment of project site – Required •  Iden?fy top 3 hazards early in planning •  Use local/regional miNgaNon plans where

available •  If not available, use idenNfied naNonal

standards or internaNonal equivalents ▪  Flooding ▪  Hurricane ▪  Tornado/High Wind ▪  Earthquake ▪  Wildfire ▪  Drought ▪  Landslides/unstable soils

NOAA Tornado Climatology

FEMA Wildfire Map

Identifying Hazards – Local Resource

Source: Houston-Galveston Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2011 Update http://www.h-gac.com/community/community/hazard/documents/2011_04_Section_4-1_Hazard_Identification.pdf

Flooding – Riverine Hazard Areas

Flooding – Coastal Hazard Areas

Hurricanes….

“Texas ranks number one in the number of tornado events; number one in tornado deaths; number one in tornado injuries; and number one in total damages. “ Houston-Galveston Area Council Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan – 2011 Update

Wildfire Impacts….

IPpc98: Assessment and planning for resilience

▪ Hazard assessment of project site – Required •  Iden?fy top 3 hazards early in planning •  Use local/regional miNgaNon plans where

available •  If not available, use idenNfied naNonal

standards or internaNonal equivalents ▪  Flooding ▪  Hurricane ▪  Tornado/High Wind ▪  Earthquake ▪  Wildfire ▪  Drought ▪  Landslides/unstable soils

NOAA Tornado Climatology

FEMA Wildfire Map

IPpc98: Option 1: Planning for Climate Resilience

IdenNfy key vulnerabiliNes •  Use local plans where available •  If not available, use idenNfied

naNonal resources or internaNonal equivalents: –  Sea Level Rise/Storm Surge –  River Flooding –  Winter Storms –  Temperature, PrecipitaNon

Changes and Storm Intensity

U.S. National Climate Assessment Report

NOAA Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding

National Climate Assessment Report, 2014

Climate – Weather Relationships

Source: Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change. National Academy of Science, March 2016

Hold an Integrated Team Meeting

Share the vulnerability assessment and top prioriNes with the project team and client. Research and innovate to develop opNons that may reduce vulnerability or increase resilience to climate and natural resource condiNons for the project.

IPpc98: Option 2: Assessment and planning for resilience

▪  Emergency preparedness planning •  Ensure evaluaNon of emergency

preparedness before design commences

Red Cross Ready Rating Score Card

Red Cross Ready Rating Facility Description Form

IPpc99: Design for enhanced resilience

Intent: Design and construct buildings that can resist, with minimal damage, reasonably expected natural disasters and weather events

IPc99 – Design for enhanced resilience Step 1: Identify project location’s top three hazards (per IPc98) Prerequisite: IPc98 Hazards assessment Identify top 3 hazards Flooding (incl. Hurricane) High Wind (incl. Tornado & Hurricane) Earthquake Tsunami Wildfire Drought Landslides/unstable soils Step 2: Incorporate hazard design guidance into project

OPTION 1: Flooding-‐Specific Design Measures

•  Incorporate all flood resistant provisions of ASCE 24-‐14 Flood Resistant Design and Construc-on, (2014)

•  Lowest floor at minimum 5 feet above the FEMA-‐defined base flood elevaNon (BFE+5)

•  FoundaNons in the Coastal Zone A shall be the same as required in Coastal Zone V

•  MEP follow FEMA 55 guidelines for wet and dry flood-‐proofing •  Sewer connecNons include sewer backflow preventers

Incorporate Flooding hazard design

Post-Katrina home in New Orleans’ Lower 9th Ward that is raised 4 feet. Global Green project & photo

IPc99: Build above Flood level The lowest occupied floor's lowest structural member must be a minimum of five (5) feet above the FEMA-defined base flood elevation (BFE+5).

Primary mechanical and electrical equipment, including HVAC equipment, water heating equipment, electrical panels, and generators, must follow FEMA 55 guidelines and FEMA Technical Bulletins and Advisories for wet and dry flood-proofing.

Mechanical equipment located in penthouse and on roofs, Spaulding Rehab Hospital, Photo: Alex Wilson.

IPc99: Protect equipment from Flooding

Fortified Flooding Mitigation Requirements

OR OPTION 2 for Non-‐Residen?al: FORTIFIED standards DESIGN CRITERIA 3.4 Flood Specific Design Requirements.

Materials selection for flooding

Marine Center for the University of South Mississippi Ocean Springs MS Credit: Lake Flato.

IPpc100: Passive Survivability & Functionality During Emergencies

Intent:

To ensure that buildings will maintain reasonable func?onality, including access to potable water, in the event of an extended power outage or loss of hea?ng fuel.

Provide two out of three: 1.  1. Thermal Resilience 2.  2. Backup Power 3.  3. Access to Potable Water


OpNon 1: Thermal Resilience 100% of the normal building occupancy can occupy habitable zones that maintain “livable temperatures” during a power outage for 7 days in the typical extreme hot and cold weeks of the year.

Passive solar apartments in Albuquerque - photo: Sunshine Homes


Drift temperatures during outages - January

Temperature modeling by Atelier Ten for the report “Baby It’s Cold Inside,” Urban Green, NYC

Drift temperatures during outages - summer

Temperature modeling: Atelier Ten, New York City in “Baby It’s Cold Inside,” Urban Green Council

New Criteria: Thermal Resilience

Requirements: •  Demonstrate through thermal modeling that a building will maintain

“livable temperatures” during a power outage that lasts 7 days during peak summerNme and winterNme condiNons of a typical year.

Key Defini?ons:

Livable temperature: •  Cooling: Not to exceed 9 °F SET-‐days

(216 °F SET-‐hours) above 86°F SET for residenNal buildings.

•  Cooling Not to exceed 18 °F SET-‐days (432°F SET-‐hours) above 86°F SET for non-‐residenNal buildings.

•  HeaNng: Not to exceed 9 °F SET-‐days (216 °F SET-‐hours) below 54° SET for all buildings.

Standard Effec?ve Temperature: SET factors in relaNve humidity and mean radiant temperature Habitable Zones: Defined by team Occupant Density: necessary to accommodate the total building populaNon in the habitable zones. Ven?la?on: All habitable zones must have access to natural venNlaNon

Schüco operable windows at Bullitt Center. Photos: Alex Wilson

Advanced commercial glazing systems

Rocky Mountain Institute Innovation Center| Basalt, CO - ZGF Architects

Photo Credit: Tim Griffith Photo Credit: Tim Griffith

No HVAC - Passive design

RMI Innovation Center – ZGF Architects

Photo Credit: Tim Griffith

OpNon 2: Back-‐Up Power To ensure that a reasonable level of funcNonality can be maintained in a building in the event of loss of power.

Provide adequate power for: •  Fuel fired heaNng •  Fan for emergency cooling •  Water pumps •  3 FC emergency lighNng •  30 FC area @ 500 SF

interval •  Electrical receptacle •  Online access •  One elevator if applicable


Acceptable Power Sources

•  Fuel-‐fired back-‐up generator(s), with stored fuel supply •  A solar-‐electric system with baiery storage

•  Micro-‐grid service

Eldorado, New Mexico home with ground-mounted PV array - Photo: Clyde Mueller, The New Mexican

OpNon 3: Access to potable water To ensure that residents or occupants of a building will have at least minimal access to potable water during a power outage


Bison hand pump on standard well casing at Tristan Robert’s house - photo: Alex Wilson

Buildings with municipal water service ▪  In tall bldgs: resident

access to potable water on lower floor (or)

▪  Potable water pumps served by back-‐up power (or)

▪  Stored water in building (2 gal per resident per day)

Rural buildings without municipal water service ▪  On-‐site well served by

back-‐up power (or)

▪  Gravity-‐flow water from cistern or spring (or)

▪  Hand pump on well (or)

▪  Stored water in bldg.

Potable Water Requirements

PROJECT EXAMPLE

Veterans Affairs Replacement Medical Center | Studio NOVA Joint Venture | nbbj Eskew+Dumez+Ripple

VETERANS AFFAIRS REPLACEMENT MEDICAL CTR New Orleans, LA Studio NOVA Joint Venture | nbbj Eskew+Dumez+Ripple

CATEGORY 3 HURRICANE RESISTANT

Central Energy Plant

Eskew+Dumez+Ripple, Joint Venture Architect

New Central Energy Plant

Research Facility

Studio NOVA: nbbj, Eskew+Dumez+Ripple

FLOODABLE FIRST FLOOR

PASSIVE SURVIVABILITY

LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design

Resilient Design - Project Applicability ?

• Service life • FuncNon • LocaNon • Cost/benefit analysis • AdapNve capacity

Using the Credits: What are your priorities?

•  Community •  Client •  PracNce Opportunity •  Building Type Alignment •  Scale

Resources – in addition to links on credits

•  Houston-‐Galveston Regional MiNgaNon Plan •  State of Texas Hazard MiNgaNon Plan •  Resilient Design InsNtute. www.resilientdesign.org •  Climate.gov •  Building Resiliency Task Force reports, Urban Green Council, New York City, •  A Framework for Resilient Design, Eskew+Dumez+Ripple, 2014 •  Resilience: Why Things Bounce Back by Andrew Zolli, Simon & Schuster, 2013 •  The Resilience Dividend: Being Strong in a World Where Things Go Wrong by Judith Rodin,

PublicAffairs, 2014 •  Two Degrees: The Built Environment and out Changing Climate by Alisdair McGregor, et.

al., Routledge, 2012 •  Resilient Design Guide, Federal Alliance for Safe Homes, 2014 •  Technical BulleNn series from FEMA (wide range of bulleNns on flood resilience and other

issues)

THANK YOU! ANY QUESTIONS?

Mary Ann Lazarus FAIA, MALeco [email protected] 314.805.9332