Industrial

Air PollutionGroup 8

Contents

Introduction

Coal-Fired Power Plant

Developing & Developed countries

Comparison & CO2 emission

Conclusion

Introduction

Factory Farming

Fossil Fuel

Paper

Mining

Pharmaceutical

Automobile industries

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

51% of GHE -> CH4 = 25CO2

30% CO2, Acid rain, NOx, SO2

6% Dioxin, wildlife, deforestation

5% Hg, Pb

4%

3%

The most polluting industries on the planet…

Fossil Fuel Industry

Coal

Natural gas

Oil

A typical coal plant generates 3.5 million tons of CO2 per year2

Emits 50 - 60 % less CO2 than coal plant, when it’s new.

Emits 20-30% less CO2 than coal plant.

Coal

Natural gas Oil

To produce electricity:

Coal-fired Power PlantNOx, SO2, Black carbon, Smog, Hg, PM, CO2

Pollutants of coal-fired power plant

NOx

Hg

Smog

Black Carbon

SO2

2. Health, environmental damage

5. PM ≤ 2.5 µm, incomplete combustion of fossil fuel

1. Causes O3, smog > health issues

4. Toxic heavy metals>nervous

system

6. Burning coal..

PM3. Soot, fly ash >health impacts

VOCs, soot, +

Health impacts from heavy metals and organic pollutants

Nervous system

Cardiovascular system

Respiratory system

Mercury (Hg) & Lead (Pb) > methylmercury in the womb > IQ of children,

PM2.5 > ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular disease

PM, NO2 > Cardiovascular disease, mortality, hypertension, atherosclerosis

SO2, Nox, PM and O3 – cause lung, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

Health Impacts of Coal Power Plant Everyone has the right to breath clean air!

Trans-boundary AP from Coal PP

Global>1000km

Trans-boundaryLocal

10km

PM10, NOx, SO2, acid gases,

POPs, heavy metals, dioxins

SO2, NOx, VOCs, heavy

metals, dioxins, PM2.5

PM2.5, Mercury, dioxins

The NOx from coal power plants in South Africa can travel across the Indian Ocean to Australia.

Coal Power Plants Pollution is not a Local Problem!

Countries

USA

Mongolia

India

Myanmar

Thailand

Thailand

Natural Gas71%

Coal21%

Oil1%

Renewable 2%

Hydro5%

Electricity generation

Unit Emission standard value – Mae Moh

SO2

(ppm)NOx as NO2 (ppm)

PM (mg/m3)

Unit 1-3 1.300 500 180

Unit 4-7 320 500 180

Unit 8-13 320 500 180

Unit 1-13 Total SO2 Loading not exceed 11 tons/hour

2002: Greenpeace study – 4.3mln tons of fly ash, 39tons of neurotoxin mercury annually

Mae Moh contains very high concentrations of Arsenic, Hg, Pb, Cr > damage environment, water pollution, health issues etc..

Mae Moh produces more than 4mln tons of CO2 annually.1.6 tons of Sulfur gas release from the plant every day!

Mae Moh Coal Power Plant in Lampang

Thai Provincial Court awarded US$142.500 to the villagers for crop damages caused by Coal Power Plant

1992

1996

2003

2004

High levels of arsenic, Cr, Mn in almost all water sources within the vicinity of the plant

CO2 > 4 million tons/yearSulfur gas > 1.6 million tons/year

Oct 11units at Mae Moh- Breathing difficulties,

nausea, dizziness- After 2 months operation

>50% rice fields were damaged by acid rain

- 42.000 people got breathing ailment

6 people died of blood poisoning600 people – respiratory problems caused by SO2

India

Coal 59%

Hydro17%

Re-new-able12%

Natural gas9%

Nuclear2%

Oil1%

Electricity generation

Conditions LimitsPM All 50 mg/m3

Soot All 30 mg/m3

SO2

New boiler 1000mg/m3

Existing boiler 2000mg/m3

NO2 All 750mg/m3

Mercury All 0.03mg/m3

Emission standard of Coal Power Plant

Three largest plant produce 4000MW

SO2

NO2

Health

• 498655.78Gg

• 3840.44Gg

• 2314.95Gg

• Premature mortality, asthma …

Mundra Ultra Mega Power Station

Capacity: 4000MW, Coal is imported from Indonesia.

2009-2010CO2

MongoliaElectricity Generation

1%5%

79%

15%

Thermal coal

Diesel

Solar&wind

Hydro, Import

Region CO mg/m3 SO2 mg/m3 PM mg/m3

10 <1m2<1000 180 400 50 1m2 < 10persons 300 600 200

8.01MMT > CO2 emission from electricity and heat production in 2011.

Contain - VOCs NOx mg/m3

Vdaf < 10% 110010% < Vdaf < 20% 650Vdaf > 20% 450

Vdaf – Dry Ash Free basis

Emission standard of Thermal Power Plant

http://www.neaspec.org/sites/default/files/1-4%20National%20Process%20to%20Establish%20New%20So2%20Emission%20Standards%20in%20Mongolia.pdf

4th Thermal Power Plant

Total capacity – 863.3 MW

SO2 emission – 40.000 tons in 2010

Coal consumption – 5 million tons in 2010

2007 - Health impacts 147million US$

50.000+ people - respiratory diseases

PM – 14.381 tons, SO2 – 30.330 tons, NOx – 9171 tons in 2011.

Produces 70% of electricity, 65% of heat energy

USA

27% Natural

gas

39% Coal

19% Nuclear

1% Others

13%Renewable

Total power sector emission > 2159MMT 7th largest CO2 emitter

Most Polluted 100 Coal Plants in the US

2. Carbon emission Standards Global warming reduction Emission reduction strategy, President Obama’s announcement

1. Health Impacts NOx + VOCs hv O3 “smog” > respiratory system, lung, asthma etc.,

CO2 emissions: 1052 MMT in 201120% of US emission3% of world’s emission

Source: http://environmentamericacenter.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Dirty%20Power%20Plants.pdf

Myanmar

0.74

0.03

0.23

Hydropower Coal Natural Gas

Parameter Myanmar (24 Hour)

Measurement

WHO Guidelines(24 Hour)

WHO Guidelines (Annual)

TSP (µg/m3)

350.57 100  

PM 10 131.54 50 20PM 2.5   25 10

Ambient Air Quality in Industrial Area of Mandalay

Substance 

Myanmar WHO Guideline

NO2 (ppb) 19.14 40SO2 (ppb) 1.5 20

Electricity generation

The biggest coal power plant

Hg, Selenium, arsenic > No control!

120MW100-150 tons of toxic fly-ash generate daily

640,000 tons of coal per year

Tigyit Coal Power Plant

A

D B

C Noise Pollution

CO2 emission

45 35

To reduce carbon dioxide emission of coal power plants, its either replacing the technology or using renewable energy.

Developing countries in Asia USA

CO2 emission from coal expected to rise 60% by 2030

J-Power technology – reduce CO2 High efficiency and low emission technology

Coal Power Plants produce nearly 42% of electricity in the worldThe biggest source of man made CO2 emissions is coal combustion! 30% of world’s CO2 emission

Comparison of Emission StandardsPollutant Unit US Thailand Mongolia Myanmar IndiaSO2 mg/m3 184 1832.31 615-1903 WHO 2000

NOx mg/m3 135-370 752.56 320-1270 WHO 750

PM mg/m3 20-40 320 200-2100 WHO 150-350

Comparison – Emission Status

Low Emission Technology

Low emission technology for

non-GHG pollutants

SO2

NOx PM

Controlled by

• Scrubbing with limestone slurry in a

flue gas desulfurization FGD

For NOx minimization

• Flue gas treatment systems

• Low NOx combustion technology in boiler

Reduced by

• Settling chambers• ESP• Wet Collectors• Cyclones • Fabric filters

Green Technology

Step 1

Step 2 Step 3

Title in hereWind

Title in here

Biomass

Title in hereSolar 1.Wind energy

- the motion of air molecules can be harvested in the wind turbines

2.Solar energy - solar photon flux can be converted to heat, electricity or chemical energy

3.Biomass energy - convert to biofuel > thermal, chemical, biochemical methods; Dead trees, MSW etc.,

Green energy sources

Reserves to Production ratio: coal – 118years, oil - 46years, natural gas – 58 years, currently provide 85% of all energy use in the World

ConclusionMajor air pollutants caused by Industry:

CO, Hydrocarbons, PM, SOx, NOx Impacts

Environmental & HealthMitigation

Control devices & green energy sources

References ED78.37 - Air Pollution Engineering and Management – Lecture Notes, Prof. Kim

Nguen http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Air_pollution_from_coal-fired_power_plants https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-factory-farms-and-environment http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/ http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c01.html#.Vj2ZNdIrLIU http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/coal-and-other-fossil-fuels/e

nvironmental-impacts-of-natural-gas.html#.Vj2cptIrLIU

http://www.powermag.com/mundra-thermal-power-plant-mundra-gujarat-india-owneroperator-adani-power-ltd/